The salpingid subfamily Dacoderinae is revised for the Western Hemisphere. A key to species and phylogenetic analysis are provided for the world fauna. The genus Dacoderus LeConte includes D. striaticeps LeConte, D. acanthomma Blair, D. sleeperinew species (Southwest US and Mexico), D. steinerinew species (Texas), D. wernerinew species (Mexico), and D. rossinew species (Costa Rica and Mexico). A new genus Myrmecoderus is described to include species M. dominicensis (Horn), M. laevipennis (Horn) new combinations, and M. rileyinew species (southern Mexico). The higher classification of the subfamily and genera is discussed. Hypothesized phylogenetic considerations among genera, including the Australian genus Tretothorax, and species are examined utilizing cladistic methodology. The distribution and biology of the subfamily and genera are briefly discussed.