The leafmining genus Hylaeogena Obenberger, 1923, as currently recognized, is considered to consist of two subgenera, Hylaeogena s. str. and Hedwigiella Obenberger, 1941. Examination of types detected substantial, consistent differences among three different sets of species. I propose that Hylaeogena be split into three genera: Hylaeogena, Hedwigiella, new status, and Euhylaeogena Hespenheide, new genus, with Euhylaeogena byattae Hespenheide, new species, as the type species of Euhylaeogena. Surprisingly, most species belong to the undescribed genus, and only three species are recognized in each of Hylaeogena and Hedwigiella, with Hylaeogena bellamyi Hespenheide, new species, Hedwigiella cbellamyi Hespenheide, new species, and Euhylaeogena clbellamyi Hespenheide, new species, described as new. Hedwigiella laticeps (Waterhouse, 1889) is treated as a new combination. The following species are included in Euhylaeogena: Euhylaeogena affinis (Obenberger, 1923), new combination, Euhylaeogena alibertiae (Fisher, 1930), new combination, Euhylaeogena astraea (Waterhouse, 1889), new combination, Euhylaeogena atroviridis (Fisher, 1922), new combination, Euhylaeogena centralis (Waterhouse, 1889), new combination, Euhylaeogena cincta (Waterhouse, 1889), new combination, Euhylaeogena coelicolor (Obenberger, 1925), new combination, Euhylaeogena compacta (Waterhouse, 1889), new combination, Euhylaeogena constans (Waterhouse, 1889), new combination, Euhylaeogena discoidalis (Waterhouse, 1889), new combination, Euhylaeogena festiva (Fisher, 1922), new combination, Euhylaeogena gratiosula (Obenberger, 1925), new combination, Euhylaeogena grouvellei (Théry, 1934), new combination, Euhylaeogena hydroporoides (Waterhouse, 1889), new combination, Euhylaeogena kirschi (Obenberger, 1925), new combination, Euhylaeogena lecerfi (Obenberger, 1932), new combination, Euhylaeogena modesta (Waterhouse, 1889), new combination, Euhylaeogena ovalis (Waterhouse, 1889), new combination, Euhylaeogena pilosa (Fisher, 1922), new combination, Euhylaeogena rotundipennis (Fisher, 1922), new combination, and Euhylaeogena thoracica (Waterhouse, 1889), new combination.