This study examines effects of simulated echolocation calls of bats in a field setting on the flight activity and pheromone-tracking behavior of the male corn earworm moth, Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an insect that responds evasively to echolocation calls of bats. Simulated echolocation was broadcast over crop fields in an area where moths were abundant during summer. Field collections of free-flying moths and pheromone trapping of male moths were conducted in the presence and absence of simulated calls. Numbers of moths captured were not affected in either experiment by presence of simulated echolocation calls. Contrary to previous evidence, these data suggest that moths are not dissuaded from tracking pheromones under a perceived high risk of predation. Exhibiting a continual anti-predator response under a sustained risk of predation could have negative impacts on reproductive success, leading males to take higher risks compared to situations in which predators are sporadically present.
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1 March 2011
Virtual Bats and Real Insects: Effects of Echolocation on Pheromone-Tracking Behavior of Male Corn Earworm Moths, Helicoverpa zea
Erin H. Gillam,
John K. Westbrook,
Paul G. Schleider,
Gary F. McCracken
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The Southwestern Naturalist
Vol. 56 • No. 1
March 2011
Vol. 56 • No. 1
March 2011