Marco Bagliacca,¹ Alessio Valentini,² I. Cappuccio,² Michael A. Schroeder,¹ James D. Bland,³ Paavo Kumpu,⁴ Pekka Helle,⁴ Ari Nikula,⁵ John A. Crawford,⁶ Simon J. Thirgood,⁷ Stephen M. Redpath,⁸ Paolo F. de Franceschi,⁹ Angela Sepulcri,¹⁰ Stefano Filacorda,¹⁰ Edi Piasentier,¹⁰ Ilse Storch,¹¹ Ralph W. Dimmick,¹² Jeffrey D. Sole,¹³ Phillip E. Hale,¹⁴ William G. Minser,¹² Richard F. Miller,¹⁵ Lee L. Eddleman,¹⁶ Melora A. Doan,¹⁷ Ralph W. Dimmick,¹⁷ David A. Buehler,¹⁷ John C. Rennie,¹⁷ Eric C. Pelren,¹⁸ John A. Crawford,¹⁸ Laura A. Higgins,¹⁹ Jennifer A. Hill,²⁰ Jessica R. Young,²¹ Richard D. Howard,²⁰ Michael E. Morrow,²² Clifton P. Griffin,²³ Markus J. Peterson,²³ Nova J. Silvy,²³ Dennis J. Minchella,²⁴ Helmut Weiss,²⁵ Emmanuel Ménoni,²⁶ Philippe Landry,²⁷ C. Berducou,²⁸ Yoshiyuki Baba,²⁹ Hiroko Koike,²⁹ Toshinao Okayama,²⁹ Yuzou Fujimaki,³⁰ Anne E. Westerberg,³¹ Anthony D. Apa,³² Kerry P. Reese,³² John W. Connelly,³³ Tomas Willebrand,³⁴ A. Adam Smith,³⁵ Richard K. Baydack,³⁶ Osmo Rätti,³⁷ Rauno V. Alatalo,³⁸ James F. Bendell,³⁹ Yuzo Fujimaki,⁴⁰ Yukako Miyazawa,⁴⁰ Kumiko Sasaoka,⁴⁰ Mark S. Boyce,⁴¹ Sara J. Oyler,⁴² Clait E. Braun,⁴³ Kenneth P. Burnham,⁴⁴ Michelle L. Commons,⁴⁵ Clait E. Braun,⁴⁵ Richard W. Hoffman,⁴⁶ Grant M. Beauprez,⁴⁷ Patricia A.W. Deibert,⁴⁸ Daniel M. Keppie,⁴⁹ Daniel R. Dessecker,⁵⁰ Christopher R. Merker,⁵¹ Thomas A. Eddy,⁵² Kenneth M. Giesen,⁵³ Gerald D. Kobriger,⁵⁴ Yun Fang,⁵⁵ Yue-Hua Sun,⁵⁶ Scott Harrison,⁵⁷ Ben Chatterson,⁵⁸ David Paul,⁵⁸ Clifton P. Griffin,⁵⁹ Michael E. Morrow,⁶⁰ Nova J. Silvy,⁵⁹ Andreas Kämpfer-Lauenstein,⁶¹ Thomas E. Remington,⁶² Richard W. Hoffman,⁶² Mark L. Drew,⁶³ W.L. Wigle,⁶⁴ David L. Graham,⁶⁵ Aly Fadly,⁶⁶ Richard Witter,⁶⁶ Thomas W. Quinn,⁶⁷ Nate W. Kahn,⁶⁷ Jessica R. Young,⁶⁸ Nickolas G. Benedict,⁶⁷ Stacey Wood,⁶⁷ Duane Mata,⁶⁷ Clait E. Braun,⁶⁹ Ene Viht,⁷⁰ Peter A. Robertson,⁷¹ Peter J. Hudson,⁷² Robert J. Small,⁷³ Donald H. Rusch,⁷⁴ John R. Cary,⁷⁵ James C. Holzwart,⁷⁶ Jorund Rolstad,⁷⁷ Per Wegge,⁷⁸ Ivar Gjerde,⁷⁹ Tiina Mäkinen,⁸⁰ Ahti Pyörnilä,⁸⁰ Ahti Putaala,⁸⁰ Raimo Hissa,⁸⁰ Wei Gao,⁸¹ Zhongxin Gao,⁸² Changhu Lu,⁸² Xiangtao Li,⁸³ Sami Kurki,⁸⁴ Ari Nikula,⁸⁵ Pekka Helle,⁸⁶ Harto Lindén,⁸⁷ Kathy Martin,⁸⁸ Peter B. Stacey,⁸⁹ Clait E. Braun<sup>90

1</sup>Marco Bagliacca, Departmento di Produzione Animale, Università di Pisa, Via delle Piagge, Pisa, Italy
²Alessio Valentini &amp; I. Cappuccio, Istituto di Zootecnia, Università della Tuscia, Via de Lellis Viterbo, Italy.
³James D. Bland, 604 E. 11th Street, Davis, California 95616, USA
⁴Paavo Kumpu &amp; Pekka Helle, Meltaus Game Research Station, Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, FIN-97340 Meltaus, Finland
⁵Ari Nikula, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Rovaniemi Research Station, FIN-96301 Rovaniemi, Finland
⁶John A. Crawford, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
⁷Simon J. Thirgood, The Game Conservancy Trust, Crubenmore Lodge, Newtonmore, Inverness-shire, Scotland, PH20 1BE, United Kingdom
⁸Stephen M. Redpath, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Monks Wood, Abbots Ripton, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, PE17 2LS, United Kingdom
⁹Paolo F. de Franceschi, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, Via Lungadige, Porta Vittoria 9, 33127 Verona, Italy
¹⁰Angela Sepulcri, Stefano Filacorda &amp; Edi Piasentier, Dipartimento di Science della Produzione Animate, Universita degli Studi di Udine, Via S. Mauro 2, 33010 Pagnacco, Udine, Italy
¹¹Ilse Storch, Munich Wildlife Society, Linderhof2, 82488 Ettal, Germany
¹²Ralph W. Dimmick &amp; William G. Minser, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37901, USA
¹³Jeffrey D. Sole, Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, Rt 1, Game Farm Road, Frankfort, Kentucky 40601, USA
¹⁴Phillip E. Hale, School of Forest Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
¹⁵Richard F. Miller, Great Basin Experimental Range, Oregon State University, Burns, Oregon 97720, USA
¹⁶Lee L. Eddleman, Department of Rangeland Resources, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
¹⁷Melora A. Doan, Ralph W. Dimmick, David A. Buehler &amp; John C. Rennie, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37901, USA
¹⁸Eric C. Pelren &amp; John A. Crawford, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
¹⁹Laura A. Higgins, Department of Zoology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
²⁰Jennifer A. Hill &amp; Richard D. Howard, Department of Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
²¹Jessica R. Young, Department of Biology, Western State College, Gunnison, Colorado 81231, USA
²²Michael E. Morrow, Attwater Prairie-Chicken National Wildlife Refuge, Eagle Lake, Texas 77434, USA
²³Clifton P. Griffin, Markus J. Peterson &amp; Nova J. Silvy, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
²⁴Dennis J. Minchella, Department of Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
²⁵Helmut Weiss, Schonklingstrasse 22, 75339 Hoefen, Germany
²⁶Emmanuel Ménoni, Office National de la Chasse, F-31800 Saint Gaudens, Cedex, France
²⁷Philippe Landry, Office National de la Chasse, Saint-Benoist, F-78610 Auffargis, France
²⁸C. Berducou, Office National des Forets, F-6400 Pau, France
²⁹Yoshiyuki Baba, Hiroko Koike &amp; Toshinao Okayama, Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, Ropponmatu 4-2-1, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810, Japan
³⁰Yuzou Fujimaki, Wildlife Ecology, Obihiro University, Inadamati West 2 Line 11, Obihiro City, Hokkaido 080, Japan
³¹Anne E. Westerberg, 32 Manor Road, Medomsley, Consett, Co. Durham, DH8 6QW, United Kingdom
³²Anthony D. Apa &amp; Kerry P. Reese, Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83843 USA
³³John W. Connelly, Jr., Idaho Department of Fish and Game, 1345 Barton Road, Pocatello, Idaho 83204, USA
³⁴Tomas Willebrand, Department of Animal Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
³⁵A. Adam Smith, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Department of Zoology, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
³⁶Richard K. Baydack, Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
³⁷Osmo Rätti, Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, P.O. Box 122, FIN-96101, Rovaniemi, Finland
³⁸Rauno V. Alatalo, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40351, Jyväskylä, Finland
³⁹James F. Bendell, University of Toronto, RR 2, Clayton, Ontario, K0A 1P0, Canada
⁴⁰Yuzo Fujimaki, Yukako Miyazawa &amp; Kumiko Sasaoka, Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, 080 Japan
⁴¹Mark S. Boyce, College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Wisconsin 54481, USA
⁴²Sara J. Oyler, Department of Fishery and Wildlife Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
⁴³Clait E. Braun, Colorado Division of Wildlife, 317 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA
⁴⁴Kenneth P. Burnham, Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
⁴⁵Michelle L. Commons &amp; Clait E. Braun, Colorado Division of Wildlife, 317 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80526, USA
⁴⁶Richard W. Hoffman, Colorado Division of Wildlife, 317 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80526, USA
⁴⁷Grant M. Beauprez, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, 80639, USA
⁴⁸Patricia A.W. Deibert, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 5400 Bishop Boulevard, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82006, USA
⁴⁹Daniel M. Keppie, Department of Biology and Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 44555, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 6C2, Canada
⁵⁰Daniel R. Dessecker, Ruffed Grouse Society, P.O. Box 2, Rice Lake, Wisconsin, 54868, USA
⁵¹Christopher R. Merker, Natural Resource Department, Spokane Tribe of Indians, P.O. Box 100, Wellpinit, Washington, 99040, USA
⁵²Thomas A. Eddy, Division of Biological Sciences, Campus Box 4050, Emporia State University, Emporia, Kansas 66801, USA
⁵³Kenneth M. Giesen, Colorado Division of Wildlife, 317 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80526, USA
⁵⁴Gerald D. Kobriger, North Dakota Game &amp; Fish Department, 225 30th Avenue SW, Dickenson, North Dakota, 58601, USA
⁵⁵Yun Fang, Lianhuashan Natural Reserve, Kangle County, Gansu Province 731516, People's Republic of China
⁵⁶Yue-Hua Sun, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
⁵⁷Scott Harrison, University of British Columbia, Centre for Applied Conservation Biology, c/o Research Section, Ministry of Forests, 1011 - 4th Ave., Prince George, British Columbia, V2L 3H9, Canada
⁵⁸Ben Chatterson &amp; David Paul, Research Section, Ministry of Forests, 1011 - 4th Ave., Prince George, British Columbia, V2L 3H9, Canada
⁵⁹Clifton P. Griffin &amp; Nova J. Silvy, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
⁶⁰Michael E. Morrow, Attwater Prairie-chicken National Wildlife Refuge, P.O. Box 519, Eagle Lake, Texas 77434, USA
⁶¹Andreas Kämpfer-Lauenstein, lnstitut für Wildbiologie und Jagdkunde der Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
⁶²Thomas E. Remington &amp; Richard W. Hoffman, Colorado Division of Wildlife, 317 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA
⁶³Mark L. Drew, Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
⁶⁴W.L. Wigle, Texas Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Texas Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
⁶⁵David L. Graham, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
⁶⁶Aly Fadly &amp; Richard Witter, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, East Lansing, Michigan 48910, USA.
⁶⁷Thomas W. Quinn, Nate W. Kahn, Nickolas G. Benedict, Stacey Wood &amp; Duane Mata, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, 2101 E. Wesley Avenue, Denver, Colorado, 80208, USA
⁶⁸Jessica R. Young, Department of Sciences, Western State College, Gunnison, Colorado, 81231, USA
⁶⁹Clait E. Braun, Colorado Division of Wildlife, 317 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, 80526, USA
⁷⁰Ene Viht, Metsakatsejaam, Jõgevamaa, EE2350, Estonia
⁷¹Peter A. Robertson, The Game Conservancy Trust, Crubenmore Lodge, Newtonmore, Inverness-shire, Scotland, PH20 1BE, United Kingdom
⁷²Peter J. Hudson, Unit of Wildlife Epidemiology, Department of Biological and Molecular Sciences, University of Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4AL, United Kingdom
⁷³Robert J. Small, Colorado Division of Wildlife, 317 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80526, USA
⁷⁴Donald H. Rusch, National Biological Service, Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
⁷⁵John R. Cary, Department of Wildlife Ecology, 226 Russell Laboratories, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
⁷⁶James C. Holzwart, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, P. O Box 343, Berlin, Wisconsin, 54923, USA
⁷⁷Jorund Rolstad, Norwegian Forest Research Institute, Hoyskoleveien 12, N-1432 Ås, Norway
⁷⁸Per Wegge, Department of Biology &amp; Nature Conservation, Agricultural University of Norway, P.O. Box 5014, N-1432 Ås, Norway
⁷⁹Ivar Gjerde, Norwegian Forest Research Institute, Fanaflaten 4, N-5047, Fana, Norway
⁸⁰Tiina Mäkinen, Ahti Pyörnilä, Ahti Putaala &amp; Raimo Hissa, University of Oulu, Department of Biology, FIN-90571 Oulu, Finland
⁸¹Wei Gao, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin Province, P. R. China
⁸²Zhongxin Gao &amp; Changhu Lu, College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
⁸³Xiangtao Li, Beijing Natural History Museum, 126 Tian Qiao Street, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
⁸⁴Sami Kurki, Laboratory of Ecological Zoology, Department of Biology, FIN-20014 University of Turku, Finland
⁸⁵Ari Nikula, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Rovaniemi Research Station, P.O. Box 16, FIN-0-96301 Rovaniemi, Finland
⁸⁶Pekka Helle, Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, Meltaus Game Research Station, FIN-97340 Meltaus, Finland
⁸⁷Harto Lindén, Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 6, FIN-00721 Helsinki, Finland
⁸⁸Kathy Martin, Canadian Wildlife Service, RR 1, Delta, British Colombia, V4K 3N2, Canada
⁸⁹Peter B. Stacey, Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89512, USA
⁹⁰Clait E. Braun, Colorado Division of Wildlife, Fort Collins, Colorado 80452, USA