The Indian endemics Gymnema khandalense and G. kollimalayanum are proposed as new synonyms of G. latifolium, and lectotypification for G. khandalense is provided. The description of G. latifolium, which is of wide distribution in Bangladesh, S China, India, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam, is emended with regard to coronal structures. A chromosome number is also provided for the first time. A (reduced) gynostegial corona for G. latifolium could be confirmed, putting the utility of corona characters for the separation between the genera Gymnema and Marsdenia into question. As a consequence of the reconsidered status of G. latifolium, this species and its synonyms need to be removed from the Indian Red Data List.
References
P. I. Forster
1995: Circumscription of Marsdenia (Asclepiadaceae: Marsdenieae) with a revision of the genus in Australia and Papuasia. — Austral. Syst. Bot. 8: 703–933. Google Scholar
H. Huber
1983:
Asclepiadaceae. — Pp. 73–124 in:
M. D. Dassanayake
(ed.), A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, Vol. 4. — Rotterdam: Balkema. Google Scholar
A. P. Jagtap
&
N. P. Singh
1990: Two new combination in the genus Bidaria of family Asclepiadaceae. — Biovigyanam 16(1): 62. Google Scholar
A. P. Jagtap
&
N. P. Singh
1999: Fascicle 24 (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae). — Fascicles of Flora of India, 24. — Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India. Google Scholar
H. Kunze
1991: Structure and function in Asclepiad pollination. — Pl. Syst. Evol. 176: 227–253. Google Scholar
P. T. Li
1991:
Bidaria latifolia (Wall, ex Wight) P. T. Li comb. nov. — J. S. China Agric. Univ. 12(3): 39. Google Scholar
P. T. Li
,
M. G. Gilbert
&
W. D. Stevens
1995:
Asclepiadaceae. — Pp. 189–270 in:
Z. Y. Wu
&
P. H. Raven
(ed.), Flora of China 16. — Beijing: Science Press & St Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Google Scholar
J. McNeill
,
F. R. Barrie
,
W. R. Buck
,
V. Demoulin
,
W. Greuter
,
D. L. Hawksworth
,
P. S. Herendeen
,
S. Knapp
,
K. Marhold
,
J. Prado
,
W. F. Prud'homme van Reine
, G. F. Smith, J. H. Wiersema & N. J. Turland (ed.) 2012: International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. — Königstein: Koeltz. [Regnum Veg. 154]. Google Scholar
D. Natarajan
,
A. Ramachandran
&
R. Yuvarajan
2011: Evaluation of Antibacterial and Structural Elucidation of Biological Compounds from Gymnema kollimalayanum. A. Ramachandran and M. B. Viswan: A New Record Plant. — Res. J. Pharmacol. 5: 4–8. Google Scholar
M. P. Nayar
&
A. R. K. Sastry
(ed.) 1990: Red Data Book on Indian Plants, Vol. 3. — Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India. Google Scholar
R. Omlor
1998: Generische Revision der Marsdenieae (Asclepiadaceae). — Aachen: Skaker Verlag. Google Scholar
V. Ved D. K. Prabhakaran
,
D. Shankar
,
K. Ravikumar
,
R. Vijaya Sankar
&
N. M. Ganesh Babu
2004: 34th MPCA — The Anapady. Medplant Network News 4(3): 1–4. — Published at http://web.idrc.ca/uploads/user-S/10929173301PDF_20_PAGE_JULY-Aug04.pdf
Google Scholar
M. A. Rahman
1988: An index of Wallich material of Asclepiadaceae from Bangladesh held in Herb. Wall. (K-W). — J. Asiatic Soc. Bangladesh (Sci.) 14(2): 95–99. Google Scholar
M. A. Rahman
&
C. C. Wilcock
1993: Typification of some tropical Asian Asclepiadaceae. — Bangladesh J. Bot. 22(1): 7–13. Google Scholar
A. Ramachandran
&
D. Natarajan
2010: Antibacterial activity of Gymnema kollimalayanum, a new plant from Peninsular India. — Advances Biol. Research 4(6): 292–295. Google Scholar
A. Ramachandran
&
M. B. G. Viswananthan
2009: A new species of Gymnema (Asclepiadaceae) from the Kollihills in Peninsular India. — Adansonia 31(2): 407–411. Google Scholar
N. Sasidharan
&
V. V. Sivarajan
1996: Flowering plants of Thrissur Forests (Western Ghats, Keral, India). — Jodhpur: Scientific Publishers. Google Scholar
N. Sasidharan
&
K. Swarupanandan
1994, publ. 1995: Discovery of some rare and interesting Asclepiads from Kerala. — Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 18: 631–637. Google Scholar
Y. Tsiang
&
P.-T. Li
(ed.) 1977: Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae 63, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae. — Guangdong: Agendae Academiae Sinicae. Google Scholar
P. S. Udayan
,
K. V. Tushar
,
S. George
&
I. Balachandran
2004:
Gymnema khandalense Santapau — a rare and little-known endemic red listed medicinal plant from Nilakkal Forest, Kerala. — Zoo's Print J. 19(9): 1623–1624. Google Scholar
R. Wight
1834: Contributions to the Botany of India. — London: Parbury, Allen & Co. Google Scholar