This is the eighth of a series of miscellaneous contributions, by various authors, where hitherto unpublished data relevant to both the Med-Checklist and the Euro Med (or Sisyphus) projects are presented. This instalment deals with the families Ophioglossaceae, Amaryllidaceae (incl. Alliaceae), Asparagaceae (incl. Hyacinthaceae), Caryophyllaceae, Compositae, Gramineae, Juncaceae, Malvaceae, Myrtaceae, Orobanchaceae, Papaveraceae and Scrophulariaceae. It includes new country and area records and taxonomic and distributional considerations for taxa in Alcea, Allium, Botrychium, Bromus, Cerastium, Chamaemelum, Crepis, Ehrharta, Erigeron, Eucalyptus, Juncus, Lactuca, Limosella, Matricaria, Ornithogalum, Orobanche, Papaver and Phelipanche, as well as new combinations in Ornithogalum and Phelipanche.
Citation: Raab-Straube E. von & Raus Th. (ed.) 2017: Euro Med-Checklist Notulae, 8 [Notulae ad floram euromediterraneam pertinentes No. 37]. — Willdenowia 47: 293–309. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.47.47311
Version of record first published online on 20 November 2017 ahead of inclusion in December 2017 issue.
Notice
A succinct description of the Euro+Med project, with a list of recognized territories and their abbreviations, and the conventions used to indicate the status and presence of taxa, can be found in the introduction to the first instalment of the Euro+Med Notulae (Greuter & Raab-Straube 2005: 223–226) and on the Euro+Med PlantBase website (Euro+Med 2006+). For the previous instalment of the Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, see Raab-Straube & Raus (2017).
The following have contributed entries to the present instalment: D. Bartha, G. Domina, R. El Mokni, A. V. Fateryga, Th. Gregor, D. Iamonico, L. Meierott, A. V. Popovich, S. Rätzel, Th. Raus, M. Ristow, L. Ryff, D. Schmidt, A. Strid, M. Szépligeti, H. Uhlich, E. Véla, F. Verloove & A. Zeddam.
Pteridophyta
Ophioglossaceae
Botrychium matricariifolium W. D. J. Koch
+ Hu: Hungary: W Hungary, Vas county, Kőszeg mountains, Kőszeg, 47°24′44″N, 16°27′25″E, 345 m, next to asphalted road, partially under young Carpinus betulus trees, on a mixture of shingly soil and road metal, 35 individuals, 15 Jun 2016, Schmidt (photo). — The Hungarian Red List (Király 2007) considered Botrychium matricariifolium as an extinct (category EX) species. In 2008, a single plant was found in the Mecsek mountains (S Hungary) on a grazed pasture (Lengyel 2009), but the species has not been found there since. The new locality is the second record in the Kőszeg mountains after Waisbecker (1904), and currently the only known living population in Hungary (Bartha & al. 2015).
Spermatophyta
Amaryllidaceae (incl. Alliaceae)
Allium melanogyne Greuter — Fig. 1, 2.
+ AE(G): Greece, East Aegean Islands: nomos of Lesvos, eparchia of Mitilini, 2–3 km from Sanatorio Agiasou along road to Plomari, 39°03′N, 26°23′E, 700–800 m, open Castanea forest and meadows, 27 Apr 1987, bulbs collected as Strid & al. G87-67. — Plants raised from this bulb collection were cultivated for several years in the Copenhagen Botanical Garden and later also in the Göteborg Botanical Garden, under the name Allium nigrum L. These plants showed broad, white tepals and a glossy ovary, which is very peculiar in being black when young, then turning green and finally becoming blackish again — it was logical to believe that such a plant deserved the name A. nigrum. Later, Greuter (in Greuter & Raus 2009: 342–343) described A. melanogyne from Dadia in NE mainland Greece, which has this peculiarity of the ovary. Soon after, I collected living material of A. melanogyne at its locus classicus. In cultivation the Dadia plants become indistinguishable from the Lesvos plants in floral characters but retain somewhat narrower leaves.
There are certainly two species. The first is the widespread Allium nigrum, which has pinkish, mauve or greenish, narrowly elliptic and subacute tepals, and a dull greenish or purplish, tuberculate ovary. The second is A. melanogyne, which has white or cream, elliptic, obtuse tepals and a glossy ovary with the peculiar colour shift from black to green to blackish again.
Some previous records of Allium nigrum from Lesvos may also refer to A. melanogyne, but there is also at least one confirmed collection of the former (Lesvos, between Polichnitos and Vrisa, 39°04′N, 26°12′E, 50 m, cultivated fields, 1 May 1987, Strid & al. 26272, G, herb. Strid). Consequently, both species occur on Lesvos. Limited evidence suggests that A. nigrum is a typical weed of traditional agriculture, whereas A. melanogyne grows in seminatural habitats (open woodland, rocky hills, etc.). As currently known, the latter is restricted to a few localities in the NE part of the Greek mainland (nomos of Evros, including the locus classicus near the eco-touristic station of Dadia) and the islands of Samothraki and Lesvos. A collection from 1500 m altitude on Mt Orvilos (nomos of Drama, 41°22′N, 23°39′E) was reported by Tzanoudakis (in litt., 9 Jan 2013) as “a very slender plant probably belonging to A. melanogyne”.
In addition to Allium nigrum and A. melanogyne, a third member of A. sect. Melano crommyum Webb & Berthel., A. cyrilli Ten., is fairly widespread in Greece. Like A. nigrum, it is generally a “weed” of traditional agriculture. It is characterized by a more or less fastigiate umbel with linear, finally deflexed tepals narrower than the filaments; there are several colour variants, ranging from white to purple, sometimes in the same population.
Fig. 1.
Comparison of flowers of Allium melanogyne, A. nigrum and A. cyrilli from Greece. — A: Allium melanogyne, cultivated in Ørbæk, Denmark, 28 Jun 2012; collected from nomos of Evros, eparchia of Soufli, by ecotouristic station near village of Dadia, 100 m, rocky outcrop, 31 May 2010, Strid 57037 (G, herb. Strid). — B: Allium melanogyne, cultivated in Allerød, Denmark, later in Göteborg Botanical Garden, Sweden, 28 Jun 2006; collected from island of Lesvos, eparchia of Mitilini, 2–3 km from Sanatorio Agiasou along road to Plomari, 700–800 m, open Castanea forest and meadows, 27 Apr 1987, Strid & al. G87-67 (bulb collection). — C: Allium nigrum, island of Samos, 1 km from Chora toward Pythagorion, 40 m, traditionally cultivated field with many weeds, 19 Apr 2017. — D: Allium cyrilli, colour forms growing side by side; island of Chios, just NE of village of Kalimasia, 100–150 m, loamy hills with terraced mastic and olive groves, 25 Apr 2009. — Photographs by A. Strid, not shown at same scale.
Asparagaceae (incl. Hyacinthaceae)
Ornithogalum naxense (Landström) Strid, comb. & stat. nov. ≡ Ornithogalum dictaeum subsp. naxense Landstrom, Species of Ornithogalum L. subg. Ornithogalum (Hyacinthaceae) in Greece: 7. 1989. — Holotype: Greece, nomos of Kiklades, Naxos, along stream 2 km ENE of Komiaki, 270–360 m, 26 Apr 1957, Runemark 1731 (LD!).-Fig. 3.
Description — Geophyte, perennial, bulbous, glabrous throughout. Bulb whitish, ovoid, 25-35 × 16-24 mm, with thin tunics; offsets few to several, ovoid, slightly flattened, large. Leaves 4–8, at anthesis erecto-patent, fresh green, concolorous, somewhat glossy, flat to moderately canaliculate, 20-30 × 0.4-1 cm, + equalling inflorescence, with parallel, thin, rather inconspicuous veins, without median stripe; later much elongating and flaccid. Scape suberect, terete, 14–25 cm long from bulb to lowest pedicel, c. 2 mm in diam. Raceme ovoid, c. 8 × 5 cm at anthesis, only slightly elongating after anthesis, rather lax, with 5–15 flowers. Bracts whitish, narrowly lanceolate, canaliculate, c. ⅓ as long as pedicel at anthesis, scarious, with 3–5 greenish veins, apex acuminate. Pedicels at anthesis forming an angle of 30°–45° to inflorescence axis, 15–32 mm long. Tepals erecto-patent, uniformly white adaxially, oblong-elliptic, 12-18 × 3.5-5 mm, apex subacute; abaxial surface of outer tepals with rather faint, light green median stripe ¼–⅓ as wide as tepal in distal half and + disappearing toward base; median stripe on abaxial surface of inner tepals faint or almost lacking. Stamens erect, c. ½ as long as tepals; filaments white, narrowly elliptic, flattened, 1.2–1.6 mm wide, apex cuspidate, cusp much shorter than flattened part; anthers medifixed, versatile, pale yellowish, oblong, c. 1.2 mm long. Ovary at anthesis broadly cylindric to narrowly obovoid, c. 4.5 × 2.5 mm, with rounded shoulders; style erect, c. 2.5 mm long; stigma inconspicuous. Fruiting pedicels forming an angle of 60°–70° to inflorescence axis, slightly curved upward toward apex, slender, 30–44 mm long. Capsule broadly obovoid, shallowly and obtusely 3-lobed, 8-10 × 7-9 mm, apex truncate to slightly emarginate. Seeds usually 3, blackish when ripe, subglobose to broadly oblong, c. 3.8 × 3.2 mm; testa finely reticulate.
Discussion — Landstrom (1989) described Ornithogalum dictaeum with two subspecies: O. dictaeum subsp. dictaeum from Mt Dikti (E Kriti) and O. dictaeum subsp. naxense from Naxos. The unusual disjunction and the fact that the two taxa appear to grow in very different habitats prompted a closer study, after the present author had collected living material of O. dictaeum subsp. naxense near to its locus classicus.
The type of Ornithogalum dictaeum is from Kriti, nomos of Lasithi, eparchia of Mirabello, 4 km W of Katharon, 1300 m, 27 May 1976, Landstrom 3097 (holotype: LD!; isotypes: ATH, G, K). There are a few additional collections from the same area, all at altitudes between 1000 m and 1300 m; a subsequent record from Lefka Ori needs confirmation. The habitat is dry, rocky limestone slopes, screes and cliff ledges, with accompanying species such as Asphodeline lutea (L.) Rchb., Crepis auriculifolia Spreng., Daphne sericea Vahl, Euphorbia acanthothamnos Boiss., Lomelosia divaricata (Jacq.) Greuter & Burdet, Origanum microphyllum (Benth.) Vogel, Petromarula pinnata (L.) A. DC., Phlomis lanata Willd., Ranunculus paludosus Poir., Romulea linaresii subsp. graeca Bég., Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) Spach, Satureja thymbra L., Staehelina fruticosa (L.) L.
Besides the type of Ornithogalum dictaeum subsp. naxense, there are about ten additional records from Naxos, all from damp, shady habitats over schist at altitudes of 250–900 m. Accompanying species recorded by previous collectors include Acer sempervirens L., Arabis verna (L.) R. Br., Crepis fraasii Sch. Bip., Dioscorea communis (L.) Caddick & Wilkin, Doronicum orientale Hoffm., Luzula nodulosa (Bory & Chaub.) E. Mey., Polypodium cambricum L., Quercus ilex L., Ranunculus creticus L. and Umbilicus rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy. The present author gathered living material of O. dictaeum subsp. naxense on the N side of Mt Koronos, at 600 m, in a damp, shady, rocky place in a ravine with schistose substrate, on 28 May 2013 (Strid 57773). Bulbs were planted in Ørbæk, Denmark, and have flowered every year since. Herbarium specimens prepared from cultivated material have been deposited in B, UPA and herb. Strid. Additional herbarium material was gathered at the same locality on 17 Apr 2014 (Strid 57937; ATH, G, LD, herb. Strid). In this locality the Ornithogalum is gregarious in a small area, growing together with Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton, Erysimum hayekii (Jáv. & Rech, f.) Polatschek, Galanthus ikariae Baker, Symphytum davisii subsp. naxicola (Pawł.) Steam and Vicia pinetorum Boiss. & Spruner.
Close examination of living material of Ornithogalum dictaeum subsp. naxense revealed a number of features which make it reasonable to regard it as a separate, endemic species. The main differences between the two species are summarized in Table 1, and an amended description is given above. A. Strid
Table 1.
Main differences between Ornithogalum dictaeum and O. naxense.
Fig. 3.
Ornithogalum naxense — cultivated in Ørbæk, Denmark, 23 May 2017, photograph by A. Strid; collected from Greece, nomos of Kiklades, Naxos, N side of Mt Koronos, 600 m, 28 May 2013 (Strid 57773).
Caryophyllaceae
Cerastium dubium (Bastard) Guépin
+ Al: Albania: near lake Ohrid, Lin, 3.4km NE of Udënisht, 20°38′N, 41°00′E, wet depressions in fields and fallow fields, 17 May 2016, Gregor 15307 (FR); ibid., 7 May 2017, Gregor 15694 (FR). — New to Albania (not given for the country in Demiri 1983; Greuter & al. 1984; Paparisto 1988; Rakaj & al. 2013; Vangjeli 2015; Pils 2016). This taxon is widespread in Europe. Th. Gregor
Compositae (Asteraceae)
Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All. (≡ Anthemis nobilis L. ≡ Ormenis nobilis (L.) Coss. & Germ.; = Ormenis nobilis subsp. aurea (L.) Maire)
A Tn: Tunisia: Monastir (C Tunisia), 35°46′22″N, 10°49′52″E, 15 m, ruderal, public gardens, 23 May 2017, El Mokni (PAL, herb. Univ. Monastir). — During research aimed at improving knowledge on the vascular flora of Tunisia (see, e.g., El Mokni & al. 2010, 2012, 2013a, 2013b, 2014, 2015a, 2015b, 2015c; El Mokni & El Aouni 2011a, 2011b, 2012), a population identified as Chamaemelum nobile was found in anthropogenic habitats in the Monastir area. Native to SW Europe (France, Portugal and Spain), C. nobile is also present in many European countries as an alien plant, casual or cultivated (cf. Greuter 2006a+). In N Africa, the species was so far known as native only in Algeria and Morocco (Greuter 2006a+; Dobignard & Chatelain 2011: 228). The recent Tunisian checklist (Le Floc'h & al. 2010) and the latest synonymic index for the N African flora (Dobignard & Chatelain 2011) did not report this species from Tunisia. It was mentioned as sometimes cultivated but absent in the spontaneous state from Tunisia by Pottier-Alapetite (1981: 991, as Ormenis nobilis). Our discovery is the first record of a spontaneous occurrence in Tunisia, represented by only one small population, located on roadsides in the town of Monastir (Monastir region in C Tunisia). It occupies an area of about 40 m2, where it apparently originated from seeds from cultivated plants.
Crepis bursifolia L.
N Ag: Algeria: Tlemcen (NW Algeria), Mansourah ruins, 34°52′16.3″N, 01°20′22.8″W, 825 m, slab pavement, 18 Feb 2006, Véla U218_9505 & 9506 (photos); Mansourah zoo, 34°52′19.0″N, 01°20′22.1″W, 820 m, slab pavement, 18 Feb 2006, Véla U218_9516(photo); Aïn Temouchent (NW Algeria), new districts, 35°18′37.5″N, 01°08′17.1″W, 120 m, slab pavement, Véla U430_1523 to 1530 (photos); Oran (NW Algeria), Oran Es-Senia University (S campus), 35°38′16.2″N, 00°36′45.3″W, 90 m, sidewalks and gutters, 20 Mar 2011, Véla Z320_4284 (photo); Oran Es-Senia University (N campus), 35°39′40.1″N, 00°37′52.4″W, 90 m, trampled ground, 20 Mar 2011, Véla Z320_4286 (photo); Alger (N Algeria), Sidi-Ahmed (Addis-Abeba), 36°45′24.5″N, 03°02′48.9″E, 120 m, 27 May 2012, Véla A527_12381 to 2385 (photos) [see also Véla & al. (2013)].
N Tn: Tunisia: Nabeul (NE Tunisia), Bir-Bourgba, 36°25′34.7″N, 10°34′48.8″E, 35 m, roadsides, 2 Aug 2016, El Mokni (herb. El Mokni); Nabeul, 36°27′19.0″N, 10°44′42.4″E, 9 m, roadsides, 2 Aug 2016, El Mokni (herb. El Mokni); Ben Arous (NE Tunisia), Hammam-Lif, 36°43′13.6″N, 10°21′04.4″E, 10 m, sidewalks and gutters, 4 Jun 2007, Véla V604_2600 (photo) [see also Véla & al. (2013)]; Tunis (NE Tunisia), Ariana, 36°50′43.6″N, 10°11′32.5″E, 7 m, roadsides, 2 Aug 2013, El Mokni (herb. El Mokni); Belvedere Park, 36°49′2″N, 10°10′4″E, 10 m, pedestrian paths, 21 Jun 2013, Véla B621_8334 (photo); INAT campus, 36°49′68.6″N, 10°10′58.4″E, 10 m, lawns and borders, 21 Jun 2013, Véla B621_8239 to 8244 & B621_8252 (photos); musée du Bardo, 36°48′35.6″N, 10°08′00.5″E, 25 m, bare land car park, 22 Jun 2013, Véla B622_8371 & 8372 (photos); Bizerte (NE Tunisia), Cap Blanc, 37°19′34.5″N, 09°50′30.2″E, 105 m, roadsides, 8 Sep 2017, El Mokni (herb. El Mokni); Sidi Salem, 37°17′16.9″N, 09°52′08.5″E, 10 m, roadsides, 1 Aug 2011, El Mokni (herb. El Mokni); Mensel Jemil, 37°14′18.0″N, 09°54′08.5″E, 10 m, roadsides, 8 Sep 2017, El Mokni (herb. El Mokni); Menzil Bourguiba, 37°08′25.8″N, 09°47′24.4″E, 30 m, roadsides, 28 Jul 2012, El Mokni (herb. El Mokni); Sejnan, 37°03′04.9″N, 09°14′18.7″E, 175 m, roadsides, 18 Sep 2012, El Mokni (herb. El Mokni); Tamera, 37°04′15.8″N, 09°08′33.0″E, 145 m, roadsides, 4 Aug 2013, El Mokni (herb. El Mokni); Beja (NW Tunisia), Nefza, 36°58′18.7″N, 08°42′34.4″E, 110 m, roadsides, 28 Sep 2014, El Mokni (herb. El Mokni); Jendouba (NW Tunisia), Tabarka/Melloula, 36°56′53.4″N, 08°42′35.3″E, 135 m, roadsides, 13 Oct 2012, El Mokni (herb. El Mokni); Ain Draham, 36°46′41.6″N, 08°41′25.3″E, 735 m, roadsides, 29 Sep 2012, El Mokni (herb. El Mokni); Fernana, 36°38′53.6″N, 08°41′55.9″E, 250 m, roadsides, 20 Sep 2010, El Mokni (herb. El Mokni); Jendoubla, 36°29′49.3″N, 08°46′38.2″E, 145 m, roadsides, 23 Sep 2012, El Mokni (herb. El Mokni); Ghar-Dimaou, 36°27′00.2″N, 08°25′54.9″E, 200 m, roadsides, 10 Oct 2012, El Mokni (herb. El Mokni); El Feidja, 36°31′22.0″N, 08°19′40.0″E, 870 m, roadsides, 24 Sep 2011, El Mokni (herb. El Mokni).
Crepis bursifolia is a species native to C and S Italy and Sicily; it also occurs as an alien in Spain, France, possibly Malta (Briffa 1984) and has been erroneously reported from S Greece (Halácsy 1902: 229). For N Africa this species is currently listed in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia (see, e.g., Greuter 2006b+; Le Floc'h & al. 2010; SANBI 2012). However, for Tunisia it has not yet been given as naturalized, neither by Greuter (2006+), who reported it as “casual alien”, nor by Le Floc'h & al. (2010), who did not give any comments. Whereas Dobignard & Chatelain (2011) assigned it only as “adventitious” for Tunisia, Algeria and also Morocco, the actual alien status of C. bursifolia in Tunisia and Algeria is defined here.
As part of ongoing studies on Algerian and Tunisian alien flora (e.g. El Mokni & El Aouni 2011a, 2011b, 2012; El Mokni & al. 2013b, 2016; Véla 2013; Véla & al. 2013; Sukhorukov & al. 2016; Iamonico & El Mokni 2017a, 2017b), we found many populations identifiable as Crepis bursifolia occupying wide areas (sometimes with over 100 individuals per 100 m2) in many localities of the following governorates: Beja, Ben Arous, Bizerta, Jendouba, Nabeul and Tunis. There, C. bursifolia grows mainly on roadsides, car parks, in nonmaintained gardens, other trampled sites and on more or less dried floodplains. Populations have been observed since 2007, and they have been occupying more and more space at least since 2010; therefore, according to the definitions by Pyšek & al. (2004), the species can be considered as naturalized in Tunisia. The situation is the same in N Algeria, at least in central (Algiers) and western (Oran) parts. Obviously, the probable naturalization of the species has to be monitored in N Morocco as well, where it has recently been reported (Fennane & al. 2014).
Photographed specimens from Véla's collection are consultable online on the “Carnet en Ligne” database at: http://www.tela-botanica.org/widget:cel:cartoPoint?utilisateur=errol.vela@cirad.fr. R. El Mokni & E. Véla
Erigeron bilbaoanus (J. Rémy) Cabrera
A Cm: Crimea: SW outskirts of Gurzuf, “Zhemchuzhina Kryma” recreation complex, 1 Sep 2013, Ryff (YALT); road near Korovin Holiday House, 14 Sep 2013, Ryff (YALT); seashore between Gurzuf and Ay-Danil, “Lagoon” complex under construction, 13 Oct 2013, Ryff (YALT). — Roadsides, asphalt and concrete places, very rare and sporadic; the plants grew together with Erigeron canadensis L. and E. sumatrensis Retz. Erigeron bilbaoanus differs from E. canadensis in having a larger size, a more robust habit, a paniculate (not narrowly cylindric) synflorescence, and a 5-lobed corolla; it differs from E. sumatrensis in having a more spreading, lax synflorescence with the lateral branches exceeding the main axis and more numerous, smaller capitula with almost glabrous involucral bracts. Since 2013, the species has not been found again in Crimea, so that we consider it as a casual alien there. L. Ryff
Erigeron sumatrensis Retz. (= Conyza albida Spreng.)
N Cm: Crimea: Simeiz, Krasnomayakskaya Str., 9 Dec 2014, Ryff (YALT); Yalta, bus station, 23 Aug 2013, Ryff (YALT); ibid., Lomonosova Str., 24 May 2014, Ryff (YALT); Dolossy, Yaltinsky Mountain Forest natural reserve, disturbed area within Pinus pallasiana forest, 24 Aug 2013, Ryff (YALT); Nikita, Nikitsky Botanical Garden, 16 Sep 2013, Ryff (YALT); Ay-Danil (Danylivka), on pond shore, 29 Sep 2013, Ryff (YALT); Gurzuf, “Zhemchuzhina Kryma” recreation complex, 1 Sep 2013, Ryff(YALT); ibid., Leningradskaya Str., 8 Oct 2017, Ryff (YALT). — Streets, pavements, roadsides, asphalt and concrete areas, abandoned flowerbeds, vineyard edges, pond shores. Erigeron sumatrensis often grows together with E. canadensis and Symphyotrichum graminifolium (Spreng.) G. L. Nesom. This is the first record of this alien plant for E Europe, but the species has already been recorded from Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey and the Caucasus, as well as from W and C Europe (Greuter 2006c+). Obviously, it has been notably spreading on the S coast of Crimea during the last years. L. Ryff
Lactuca tuberosa Jacq. (≡ Steptorhamphus tuberosus (Jacq.) Grossh.)
+ Al: Albania: Çorovoda, near Osum bridge, 20°13′N, 40°30′E, rocks, 4 Jun 2014, Gregor 12186 & Meierott (FR). — This species has not been mentioned before for Albania (Greuter & Raab-Straube 2008: 517; Rakaj & al. 2013; Vangjeli 2015), except that it was depicted in Pils (2016: Addenda 2, p. 372, fig. 1), but without any mention in the text or indication of localities. Our specimen therefore is the first confirmed record of Lactuca tuberosa for the country. Th. Gregor & L. Meierott
Matricaria chamomilla L. (= Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert = Matricaria recutita L.)
N Tn: Tunisia: Bizerte (NE Tunisia), 37°16′14″N, 09°48′10″E, 50 m, cereal crop fields, 27 Apr 2011, El Mokni (PAL, herb. Univ. Bizerta, herb. Univ. Monastir); ibid., 1 May 2014, El Mokni (PAL, herb. Univ. Bizerta, herb. Univ. Monastir); ibid., 11 May 2017, El Mokni (PAL, herb. Univ. Bizerta, herb. Univ. Monastir); Jendouba (NW Tunisia), 36°40′13″N, 08°42′12″E, 300 m, cereal crop fields, 19 May 2013, El Mokni (herb. Univ. Bizerta). — Matricaria chamomilla is native to most European countries (cf. Greuter 2006d+) and W Asia (cf. Bisset 1994). In N Africa, the species was known so far as native in Morocco and Algeria, and with problematic status for Egypt (Greuter 2006d+; Dobignard & Chatelain 2011: 323). The recent Tunisian checklist (Le Floc'h & al. 2010) and the latest synonymic index for the N African flora (Dobignard & Chatelain 2011) did not give this species for the Tunisian flora. Our discoveries (since April 2011) are the first records for the country. There are two populations in cereal fields, the first one located in NE Tunisia (El Gasr lahamr, Bizerta), the second in NW Tunisia (Fernana, Jendouba). In both populations, the species occurs as a naturalized field weed and occupies areas of a few hectares. It was presumably introduced there with grains of cultivated crops.
Gramineae (Poaceae)
Bromus hordeaceus subsp. pseudothominei (P. M. Sm.) H. Scholz
+ Al: Albania: Bogë, 19°40′N, 42°24′E, grassland, 31 May 2014, Gregor 11992 & Meierott (FR). — New to Albania; not given before for the country (Demiri 1983; Vangjeli 2015; Pils 2016). This sometimes neglected taxon is widespread in Europe. Th. Gregor & L. Meierott
Ehrharta calycina Sm.
N Tn: Tunisia: Jendouba, Tabarka/Ras Rajel (NW Tunisia), 36°57′54.7″N, 08°51′36.9″E, 15 m, pine forests, 5 May 2017, El Mokni (BR, herb. El Mokni); Tabarka/Town, 36°57′08.1″N, 08°47′18.0″E, 10 m, roadsides, 7 Mar 2017, El Mokni (BR, herb. El Mokni); Tabarka/ Sidi Badr, 36°56′23.8″N, 08°48′16.1″E, 30 m, pine forests, 1 Aug 2015, El Mokni (BR, herb. El Mokni); Ain Draham (NW Tunisia), 36°44′36.8″N, 08°47′18.0″E, 645 m, mixed oak/pine forests, 5 Aug 2017, El Mokni (BR, herb. El Mokni); Fernana (NW Tunisia), 36°39′08.4″N, 08°41′20.9″E, 255 m, roadsides of sandy opened pine forests, 1 Jun 2010, El Mokni (BR, herb. El Mokni). — Ehrharta calycina is a species native to S Africa and the Mascarene Islands and has been introduced to several countries around the world (cf. ISC 2017). In N Africa, this species is currently recorded only in Tunisia (see, e.g., Valdés & al. 2009+; SANBI 2012), with an uncertain degree of naturalization. Valdés & al. (2009+) reported “Alien (status unknown)”, Dobignard & Chatelain (2010) noted “Alien” and Le Floc'h & al. (2010) gave “subspontaneous status”. A clarification of the status of E. calycina in Tunisia is therefore required and is presented here.
As part of ongoing studies on Tunisian alien flora (e.g. Iamonico & El Mokni 2017a, 2017b; Sukhorukov & al. 2016; El Mokni & El Aouni 2011a, 2011b, 2012; El Mokni & al. 2012, 2013b, 2016) and research on alien Poaceae in the Mediterranean area (e.g. Verloove & Lambinon 2008; Verloove 2008, 2012a, 2012b; Verloove & Sánchez Gullón 2012), we found many populations identifiable as Ehrharta calycina occupying wide areas in the following localities: Ain Draham, Fernana, Ras Rajel, Sidi Badr and Tabarka. There, E. calycina grows mainly on roadsides within pine or mixed forests, edges of waterways and dried floodplains. The species was introduced as a forage plant around 1970 in Ferme Perrin (Tunisia) and was collected by Meurer in April 1984 in the coastal dunes of Cap Serrat (cf. Scholz 1998; Le Floc'h & al. 2010). We have recorded many populations within the Kroumiria region since 2010; therefore, according to the definitions by Pyšek & al. (2004), the species can be considered as well naturalized in Tunisia.
Juncaceae
Juncus ranarius Songeon & E. R. Perrier
+ Al: Albania: 3.7 km E of Velipoja, 19°28′N, 41°52′E, 11 Jun 2014, wet depression in sand near beach, Gregor 12530 (FR), Meierott 14/409 (M). — New to Albania; not given before for the country (Demiri 1983; Rakaj & al. 2013; Vangjeli 2015; Pils 2016). This taxon is widespread in Europe. Th. Gregor & L. Meierott
Malvaceae
Alcea setosa (Boiss.) Alef. (≡ Althaea setosa Boiss.)
N Tn: Tunisia: Bizerta, Utica (NE Tunisia), 37°03′23″N, 10°03′44″E, 10 m, under walls of ancient buildings, gardens, 2 May 2012, El Mokni (PAL, herb. Univ. Bizerta); ibid., 28 Apr 2014, El Mokni (herb. Univ. Bizerta); ibid., 14 May 2016, El Mokni (herb. Univ. Bizerta); Jendouba, Ain Draham (NW Tunisia), 36°44′34″N, 08°40′52″E, 615 m, margin of cork oak forest, 5 Jul 2013, El Mokni (herb. Univ. Bizerta). — As part of ongoing research aiming at improving knowledge on the non-native vascular flora of Tunisia (see, e.g., El Mokni & al. 2013b; El Mokni & al. 2016; Iamonico & El Mokni 2017a, 2017b) and study on Malvaceae (see, e.g. Iamonico 2010, 2016; Iamonico & Peruzzi 2014), two populations identifiable as Alcea setosa were found in anthropogenic habitats of the Bizerta region and at the margin of a cork oak forest in the Jendouba mountains. Alcea L., with main centres of diversity in the W Mediterranean basin and in the Middle East (see, e.g., Badrkhani & al. 2014), includes approximately 50 species, which are mainly of Irano-Turanian distribution with extensions into the Caucasus and the E Mediterranean (Zohary 1963). Alcea setosa, originating in the Mediterranean area (see Maslo 2015), is used as ornamental, especially in Europe, where it is able to escape from cultivation (see, e.g., DAISIE 2008; NOBANIS 2015). In Europe and the Mediterranean area, A. setosa is currently recorded as native in Greece (Dimopoulos & al. 2013), Turkey, Cyprus, Lebanon-Syria and Jordan and as alien in Italy and the former Yugoslavia (Valdés 2011). The recent Tunisian checklist (Le Floc'h & al. 2010), Euro+Med PlantBase (Valdés 2011), the synonymic index for the N African flora (Dobignard & Chatelain 2012) and the SANBI database (SANBI 2012) did not list this species for Tunisia. The two populations discovered by us occupy areas of about 4 ha and 100 m2 respectively and are able to sustain themselves. According to the definitions by Pyšek & al. (2004), A. setosa can be considered as a naturalized species in Tunisia.
Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.
N Ag: Algeria: Wilaya of Algiers, Daira of Chéraga, commune de Bouchaoui, area of Bouchaoui, saplings in neighbourhood of old adults planted prior to 1962, 1 Jan 2013 (photo); ibid., Daira of Hussein-Dey, commune of Kouba, Ben Omar, three saplings in waste area a few metres from adult tree, 19 Sep 2014 (photo); ibid., commune of Hussein-Dey, Le Calvaire, seedling with thin, curved trunk growing on top of wall, 29 May 2016 (photo); ibid., Daira of Sidi M'Hamed, commune of Alger Centre, Tafoura, saplings on slope above railway near adult parent tree, 4 Feb 2017 (photo); ibid., Daira of El Harrach, commune of Bachdjerrah, many seedlings and saplings of different ages near tennis court, 13 Apr 2017, Zeddam (B, photo); ibid., commune of Oued Smar, saplings near railway station, 19 May 2017, Zeddam (B,photo); ibid., commune of El Harrach, sapling near adult at top of Oued El Harrach, 11 Jul 2017 (photo); ibid., Daira and commune of Zéralda, at foot of wall in crack under adult tree, 20 Oct 2012 (photo); Wilaya of Tizi Ouzou, Daira of Azazga, commune of Fréha, sapling and seedlings on roadside next to adult parent tree, 11 Oct 2013 (photo); Wilaya of Blida, Daira and commune of Blida, seedling (70–80 cm) in hole of tarmaced area by train station, 22 Oct 2016 (photo); ibid., Daira and commune of Boufarik, seedlings and sapling on sidewalk of road, 27 Sep 2014, (photo); Wilaya of Bouira, Daira and commune of Sour El Ghozlane, at Fedj dirha place, 1070 m, saplings and seedlings on slope by waterway, 18 Nov 2016 (photo). — This well-known xenophyte originates from Australia, where it is the most widespread species, especially along inland water courses, of around 800 species within the genus (Colloff 2014). Oddly, it is named for a private estate garden near the Camaldoli monastery near Naples (L' Hortus Camaldulensis di Napoli), from where, in 1832, the first specimen came to be described by Friedrich Dehnhardt, Germanborn curator at the Naples Botanic Garden. Although not listed by Greuter & al. (1989: 243) for Algeria at all, the species is fully naturalized by self-sown offspring of all ages in many parts of the urban area of Algiers and elsewhere in the country. A. Zeddam & Th. Raus
Orobanchaceae
Orobanche cernua Loefl.
+ Al: Albania: near Lin, 20°39′N, 41°04′E, rocks, 8 Jun 2014, Gregor 12425 & Meierott (FR), det. H. Uhlich. — New to Albania; not given in the floristic literature for the country (Demiri 1983; Greuter & al. 1989: 258; Rakaj & al. 2013; Vangjeli 2015; Pils 2016).
Orobanche grenieri F. W. Schultz — Fig. 4.
+ Rf(CS): Russia, N Caucasus: Krasnodar territory, Anapa district, between Sukko and Cape Bolshoy Utrish, Mt Soldatskaya, 44°46′22.0″N, 37°23′09.7″E, 65 m, gravelly SE slope, parasitic on Lactuca viminea (L.) J. Presl & C. Presl, 21 May 2016, A. V. Popovich (MW); ibid., 1 km NE of Malyy Utrish, Mt Lysaya, 44°42′47.5″N, 37°28′08.8″E, 240 m, rocky scree, 2 Jun 2016, M. N. Kozhin (MW 0723902); ibid., vicinity of Bolshoy Utrish, 44°46′14.7″N, 37°23′21.0″E, 130 m, rocky scree in juniper forest, parasitic on Lactuca viminea (root attachment verified), 9 Jun 2017, A. V. Fateryga (MW); ibid., Novorossiysk district, Abrau peninsula, mouth of Mokraya gorge, 44°41′25.8″N, 37°30′39.1″E, 25 m, rocky scree, parasitic on Lactuca viminea, 27 May 2016, A. V. Popovich ( photo).
+ Rf(S): Russia, S European Russia: Volgograd province, Ilovlya district, 49°06′25.9″N, 44°07′17.1″E, 85 m, fallow land, parasitic on Lactuca tatarica (L.) C. A. Mey., 22 Jun 2016, D. Bochkov ( photo).
Orobanche grenieri was shown to be a distinct species, taxonomically isolated from the closely related O. cernua Loefl. by Carlón & al. (2005); it was known from France and Spain at that time. In recent years the ascertained range of O. grenieri has rapidly increased, due to special attention paid to this taxon by many researchers. The species was reported from Italy, Crimea, Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Tajikistan (Piwowarczyk & al. 2015; Rätzel & al. 2015) and later also from Armenia (Rätzel & al. 2017) and Kyrgyzstan (Piwowarczyk & al. 2017). We hereby add the N Caucasus and S European Russia to the known distribution of the species. Since O. grenieri has already been known from all three Transcaucasian countries, its records in the adjacent Russian part of Caucasus are not surprising.
Fig. 4.
Orobanche grenieri — Russia: Krasnodar territory, Anapa district, vicinity of Bolshoy Utrish, 9 Jun 2017, photograph by A. V. Fateryga.
Orobanche grisebachii Reut.
[Editors' note: Orobanche grisebachii is not recognized in the Euro+Med PlantBase (Domina & Raab-Straube 2010+) as an independent species, but is treated there as a synonym of O. minor Sm.]
+ Al: Albania: Quark Vlora, 1.1 km ESE Orikrun, 40°19′23.7″N, 19°29′03.6″E, 15 m, short-grass meadow, 20 May 2016, Th. Gregor 15176 (FR). — The E Mediterranean Orobanche grisebachii is similar to O. minor Sm., differentiated by a compact inflorescence also at the end of flowering time (in O. minor usually early elongate and lax), filaments with dense, long hairs for about 60 % of filament length (filaments in O. minor mostly with few hairs) and elongate oval, long cuspidate anthers (in O. minor broadly ovate, shortly cuspidate).
Orobanche grisebachii is a rare species in Greece and Turkey; records for Bulgaria, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel and Egypt need confirmation (cf. Sánchez Pedraja & al. 2016+).
Orobanche inulae Novopokr. & Abramov
+ Tu(A): Turkey: [E Pontic mountains, vilayet Trabzon, region Maçka, Altındere Valley National Park] “Orobanche marginata n. sp. (Reuter.)”, “Région sous-alpine du Lazistan près de Djimil, vers 2000 mêtres d'altitude” [c. 40°40′N, 39°40′E (WGS 84)], Jul 1866, B. Balansa ( P02968068), pro parte. — Sánchez Pedraja & al. (2016+) cited this material with reference to Boissier (1879: 508, under O. teucrii Holandre: “Hab. Teucrii chamaedrys parasitica in valle Djimil Ponti Lazici (Bal!)”), and regarded it as a mixed collection: assigning three of the nine plants on the sheet to O. teucrii and the other six to O. alba Willd. We follow the opinion of Sánchez Pedraja & al. (2016+), that this is a mixed collection and we assume that the plants of O. alba on the sheet are referable to O. alba subsp. xanthostigma Rätzel & Uhlich. This taxon has recently been found several times in NE Turkey (Uhlich & al. 2015). The specimen P02968068 does not bear any information about the colour of the stigma, but the label of another sheet in Paris, P02982378, from more or less the same locality, bears the name “Orobanche Betonicae n.sp. (Reuter.)” and the annotation “Stigmates jaunâtres”. In our opinion, the plants on the latter sheet also belong to O. alba subsp. xanthostigma. Also this collection was already surveyed by Sánchez Pedraja & al. (2016+) and referred by them to O. alba.
We cannot follow Boissier (1879) or Sánchez Pedraja & al. (2016+) with the determination of all or three plants, respectively, on sheet P02968068 as Orobanche teucrii, which is a species with purple to brownish stigmas. We assume that all individuals from the sheet P02968068 are plants with a yellow stigma. Neither specimen mentioned above gives any hint of Teucrium chamaedrys L. as a host, contrary to what is said in the literature. The description of O. teucrii in Boissier (1879), especially the information about the colour, does not necessarily correspond with plants from that region. The host T. chamaedrys also occurs in NE Turkey, but the nearest confirmed records of O. teucrii are much farther to the west (Hungary, Bulgaria and Albania; see Uhlich & al. 1995), and the species is not yet known from Asia.
The first, second and fourth plants from the left in the upper row on sheet P02968068 are well preserved and very typical for Orobanche inulae in their habit, the shape of the calyx, and the tubular corolla, which in the concrescent part is almost parallel-sided and in the distal part hardly widened. These plants match c. 20 of our own collections (herb. Rätzel) as well as material of O. inulae from several parts of the Caucasian region in the herbarium of Saint Petersburg (LE). Both O. alba subsp. xanthostigma and O. inulae always have yellow stigmas.
Up to now, only Inula species have been confirmed as hosts for Orobanche inulae. Besides the Inula species already mentioned in Rätzel & Uhlich (2004), I. salicina L. was observed as an additional host in Azerbaijan (Rätzel, unpublished data).
So far, Orobanche inulae has been documented for the Caucasian region in Russia, Georgia and Azerbaijan (e.g. Rätzel & Uhlich 2004; Otte & al. 2007: 224, fig. A2–36, 247; Tzvelev 2015). At least in W Caucasus, the species is locally common from the high montane belt to the subalpine belt, and it is to be expected with high probability in Armenia.
Currently we assume that the name “Orobanche marginata Reut.” is not validly published, since we could not find printed matter accompanying an exsiccatum corresponding to the note “Bal. et Huet exs.” in Boissier (1879), and Boissier merely included that name among the synonyms of O. teucrii. Therefore, O. inulae is the name to be used for this taxon.
Phelipanche schultzioides M. J. Y. Foley (= Orobanche schultzioides (M. J. Y. Foley) Domina) — Fig. 5.
+ Cm: Crimea: Karadag Reserve, Mt Svyataya, rocky scree in Fraxinus forest, on Symphytum tauricum Willd. (new host), 20 May 2014, Fateryga (B 10 0715953 ex PHEO 11740), sub Orobanche aff. mutelii F. W. Schultz, revised as P. schultzioides by Uhlich & Rätzel on 14 Aug 2017. — Phelipanche schultzioides, described by Foley (2008) from Peloponnesos, Greece, was hitherto considered a Greek endemic (Dimopoulos & al. 2013: 118). Although we already suspected its occurrence in the Crimean peninsula on the basis of photographs (Rätzel & al. 2017), we only recently had the opportunity to study the corresponding voucher. Notable is the new host, Symphytum tauricum, whereas previously only Urtica dioica L. (main host), a Geranium sp. and Euphorbia rigida M. Bieb. (very rare) were known as host plants (Foley 2008; Rätzel & al. 2017). Apparently, the ecological conditions of the habitat in Crimea resemble those from Greece (shady site, with locally humid or mesic, nutrient-rich conditions; see Foley 2008; Rätzel & al. 2017).
The material from Crimea broadens the known morphological dimensions of this species (see Foley 2008; Rätzel & al. 2017), i.e. plants to 31 cm tall; bracts to 10 mm long; corolla to 21 mm long; and insertion of filaments to 5 mm above base of corolla.
Phelipanche sinaica (Beck) Rätzel & Uhlich, comb. & stat. nov. ≡ Orobanche mutelii var. sinaica Beck in Biblioth. Bot. 19: 97. 1890. — Lectotype (designated by Carlón & al. 2008: 22): “Ad montem Sinai in Prenanthis ramosissimae radicibus”, 15 May 1835, Schimper, exsicc. no. 110 ( MPU021329!; isolectotypes: HAL0120662!, HBG508743!, P02968059! [only lower 2 plants], P02968674!, MB!).- Fig. 6.
+ Ab(A): Azerbaijan: Talysh, NE side, near border to Iran, near Şonaçola S of Lerik, 38°41′10.1″N, 48°22′43.2″E (WGS 84), c. 1400 m, Artemisia-steppe on small hills, S of Konjavuçay (small stream), open sunny site, on loose siliceous grit, parasitic on Lactuca cf. viminea (L.) J. Presl & C. Presl (host: det. N. Kilian, root attachment verified), together with one individual of Orobanche grenieri F. W. Schultz (see Rätzel & al. 2015) on same host plant (verified), 26 May 2013, Rätzel (herb. Rätzel) (Fig. 6A, B)); ibid., c. 2 km NE of Mistan S of Lerik, 38°39′23.2″N, 48°24′29.0″E (WGS 84), c. 1700 m, grazed steppe, parasitic on Lactuca cf. viminea (root attachment verified), 27 May 2013, Rätzel & al. (herb. Rätzel) (Fig. 6C). — Following Beck (1890: 97, 100; 1930: 80, 81), this taxon was until now known from Egypt (Mahatet El-Raml near Alexandria, without collector; and from Mt Sinai, Schimper, exsicc. no. 110) and Iran (Tehran province, Shahrestanak valley at N foot of Schimran mountain, Bornmüller, Iter pers. II. n. 7897, B!; Kerman, lower region of Kuh-i Lalezar at Laleh Zaar, Bornmüller, Iter Pers. Turc. 1892–1893 n. 3910, B!). The records from Portugal (Alemtejo litoral, Alto Alemtejo, Welwitsch, Iter Lusit, n. 210 & Fl. Lusit, sect. II n. 177; Beck 1890: 97, 100; 1930: 80, 81) are widely outlying and require confirmation. A finding from N Iraq (Sinjar, Haussknecht, Iter Syr. Arm. 1867 n. 705; Beck 1890: 99; 1930: 80, 81) remains doubtful; Beck (1930) cited Haussknecht as the source, but referred Haussknecht's specimen to O. mutelii var. interjecta Beck. The occurrence in Ethiopia (“Nord-Abessinien in der Region Habab”, Hildebrandt, Plant, ex Abyss, n. 511) is also uncertain; Beck (1890: 100) cited a specimen from there as O. mutelii var. sinaica and later (1930: 81) referred it to O. mutelii var. interrupta (Pers.) Beck.
Phelipanche sinaica has obviously not been recorded in the last 100 years. The Talysh locations are c. 400 km distant from the nearest one at Shahrestanak in Iran. Together with P. mutelii (F. W. Schultz) Pomel, P. sinaica belongs to the P. ramosa (L.) Pomel group. However, it shares several characters with P. olbiensis (Coss.) Garlón & al. and species from the P. rosmarina (Beck) Banfi & al. group, e.g. only very rarely branched, compact inflorescence, form of calyx teeth, and + glabrous stamens. Phelipanche sinaica also occurs in similar habitats to taxa from the P. rosmarina group, i.e. in steppose communities, on rocky or gritty soils, but avoids disturbed or ruderal places. On the other hand, P. sinaica has a characteristic pale to dull lilac colour of the corolla, in contrast to P. mutelii, P. olbiensis and the P. rosmarina group, which have stronger colours. Phelipanche mutelii clearly differs from P. sinaica in the characters mentioned above. In Azerbaijan, it was observed in ruderal places on various host plants, but never on Lactuca.
In the W Mediterranean, Phelipanche cernua Pomel (= P. inexspectata Carlón & al.; see Carlón & al. 2013) occurs, exclusively parasitizing Lactuca (L. viminea, L. perennis L.). It resembles in habit a delicate P. purpurea (Jacq.) Soják and has a + lax inflorescence. By contrast, P. sinaica has a smaller habit, a typically compact inflorescence and smaller corolla parts.
After a thorough study, L. Carlón, with whom we discussed this case, confirmed our opinion, i.e. that P. sinaica should be recognized as a discrete species.
Fig. 5.
Phelipanche schultzioides, habit of plant with host, Symphytum tauricum. — Crimea, Karadag Reserve, Mt Svyataya, 20 May 2014, Fateryga (B 10 0715953 ex PHEO 11740), photograph by A. V. Fateryga.
Fig. 6.
Phelipanche sinaica. — A: flowering plant in habitat with host. Lactuca cf. viminea; B: flowering spike; C: habit of flowering plant. — A, B: Azerbaijan: Talysh, NE side, near Şonaçola, 26 May 2013; C: Azerbaijan: Talysh, c. 2 km NE of Mistan, 27 May 2013; all photographs by S. Rätzel.
Papaveraceae
Papaver argemone L.
? Cm: The occurrence of Papaver argemone in the Crimean peninsula is doubtful, since almost all known records are referable in fact to P. minus (Bél.) Meikle. See the following entry.
Papaver minus (Bél.) Meikle
+ Cm: Crimea: Crimean foothills and S coast, between Semidvor'e and Kuru-Uzen village, 9 May 1924, Wullf (YALT), sub Papaver argemone L.; vicinity of Sudak, 9 May 1959, Smirnov & Shvedchikova (MW), sub P. argemone; ibid., W of Uyutnoe, 10 May 1977, Shvedchikova (MW), sub P. argemone; Karadag, Apr–May 1963, Abramova (MW), det. P. argemone by Shvedchikova in 1997; Novyy Svet, 15 May 1965, Kosykh & al. (YALT), sub P. argemone; between Morskoye and Rybachye, 14 Jun 1982, Kozhevnikova (YALT), sub P. argemone; vicinity of Kurortnoye, Mt Echki-Dag, 29 May 1987, Shvedchikova (MW), sub P. argemone; vicinity of Morskoye, Mt Zerdale-Dere, 29 Apr 1988, Shvedchikova (MW), sub P. argemone; Bakhchisaraysky district, Belbeksky canyon, 19 Jun 1997, Ryff (YALT), sub P. argemone; E of Koktebel, Mt Kuchuk-Yanyshar, 23 Apr 1999, Shatko & Belyanina (MW), sub P. argemone; E of Balaclava, Mt Spilia (Asketi), 21 May 2005, Poponnikova & Ryff (YALT), sub P. argemone; Balaclava, Genoese fortress Cembalo, 22 Apr 2006, Ryff (YALT), sub P. argemone; vicinity of Koktebel, W spurs of Mt Biyuk-Yanyshar, 17 May 2014, Ryff (YALT); Sudaksky district, near Vesyoloye village, Mt Bash-Parmak, 11 Jun 2014, Rff (YALT); ibid., Mt Papaya-Kaya, 27 Jun 2017, Ryff(YALT); Arabatskaya strelka spit, 28 May 2016, Fateryga (PHEO). — Stony slopes, gravel screes, sandy beaches. Papaver minus is new for Europe, although the high probability of the presence of this taxon in Crimea had been indicated already in the Flora of the USSR (Popov 1937, sub P. belangen Boiss.). Papaver minus is common in the E and SW parts of Crimea, grows only in natural biotopes and is not recorded as a weed. The Crimean individuals correspond completely to plants of P. minus from the Caucasus and from Asia Minor according to their morphological and ecological features. They differ from European P. argemone by their smaller size (usually up to 20 cm tall, on average 10–15 cm tall), colour of the corolla (scarlet or deep red, not pale red or orange-red), thickened fruiting pedicel, and mostly cylindric capsule with strongly vaulted stigmatic disk (Kadereit 1986; Aghababyan 2011; Aghababyan & al. 2011), but unlike Asian plants they have bluish, not bright yellow anthers. Papaver minus prefers more xerophytic habitats than P. argemone. No specimens of typical P. argemone from Crimea are present in the herbaria MW or YALT. Despite a 19th century record from the vicinity of Simferopol by Sredinsky (Popov 1937), it is doubtful that P. argemone currently occurs in the Crimean peninsula. L. Ryff
Scrophulariaceae
Limosella aquatica L.
+ Cm: Crimea: N slope of Glavnaya ridge of Crimean mountains, Belogorsky district, valley of Burulcha river, wet meadow, 1 Aug 1976, Golubev (YALT), as Sagina procumbens L., revised as Limosella aquatica by Ryff on 3 Nov 2014. – This taxon is widespread in the temperate zone including the regions adjacent to Crimea. The upper course of the Burulcha river is known as a refuge for a number of rare Crimean relictual species of the Ice Age, such as Euonymus nana M. Bieb., Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim, and Impatiens nolitangere L. Limosella aquatica is considered one of these relicts. L. Ryff
Acknowledgements
Arne Strid wishes to thank Dimitrios Tzanoudakis for help in establishing the true identity of Allium nigrum in Greece. E.R.-S. wishes to thank Mariam Aghababyan, Gianniantonio Domina and Andriy Yena for reviews of earlier versions of these Notulae.
