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1 December 2009 Nesting Habitat Requirements and Nestling Diet in the Mediterranean Populations of Crested Tits Lophophanes cristatus
Francisco Atiénzar, Emilio Barba, Leonard J. M. Holleman, Eduardo J. Belda
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Abstract

Most bird species show specific habitat requirements for breeding and feeding. We studied the pattern of habitat occupation, nestling diet and breeding performance of Crested Tits Lophophanes cristatus in a “typical” (coniferous) and an “atypical” (Holm Oak Quercus ilex) forest in eastern Spain during 2005–2007. We aimed to determine which microhabitat characteristics in the Holm Oak forest could account for the presence of Crested Tits, and checked whether the nestling diet in the Holm Oak forest resembled that obtained in the pine forest. Vegetation maps were produced using GIS from observations made in the field (tree species, tree and shrub cover). Nestling diet was recorded through video surveillance. Crested Tits bred in mature, low-density areas in the pine forest. Those breeding in the Holm Oak forest built their nests in areas including pine trees and avoided densely forested areas. Birds breeding in the pine forest started laying by mid-April and the average clutch size was 5 eggs. In the Holm Oak forest, birds started laying by the end of April and average clutch size was also 5 eggs. Fledglings weighed around 12 g in both forests. Nestling diet, prey size and feeding frequency by the parents did not vary between the forests. The main prey types consumed were Lepidoptera larvae and Diptera.

Francisco Atiénzar, Emilio Barba, Leonard J. M. Holleman, and Eduardo J. Belda "Nesting Habitat Requirements and Nestling Diet in the Mediterranean Populations of Crested Tits Lophophanes cristatus," Acta Ornithologica 44(2), 101-108, (1 December 2009). https://doi.org/10.3161/000164509X482678
Received: 1 March 2009; Accepted: 1 October 2009; Published: 1 December 2009
KEYWORDS
Crested Tit
habitat requirements
Holm Oak forest
Lophophanes cristatus
nest site selection
nestling diet
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