A clambering bamboo endemic to Bidoup Mountain, southern Vietnam, represents a new monotypic endemic genus, Nianhochloa H.N.Nguyen & V.T.Tran, gen. nov. (Gramineae, Bambusoideae), which is described and illustrated. Nianhochloa, gen. nov. is distinguished from Kinabaluchloa K.M.Wong and Bambusa subg. Lingnania Chia & Fung by morphological synapomorphies: clambering culm habit and short rachilla internodes. Other diagnostic characters include a branch complement derived from single bud at a culm node developing into 3–4 subequal branches, these subequalling the main culm internode; short culm internodes; culm leaf blades erect; and lodicules protruding and glabrous.