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1 January 2020 Tracing Septic Pollution Sources Using Synthetic DNA Tracers: Proof of Concept
Christine B Georgakakos, Paul L Richards, M Todd Walter
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Abstract

Contamination from septic systems is one of the most difficult sources of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution to quantify. Quantification is difficult in part because locating malfunctioning septic systems within a watershed is challenging. This study used synthetic-DNA-based tracers to track flows from 2 septic systems. Sample DNA was quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). This technology could be especially useful for simultaneously assessing multiple septic systems because there are essentially infinite unique combinations of DNA bases such that unique tracers could be engineered for each septic system. Two studies were conducted: the first, to determine whether the tracers move through septic systems (experiment 1), and the second, to determine whether the tracers were detectable at watershed scales (experiment 2). In both cases, clear, although complex, breakthrough curves were detected. Experiment 1 revealed possible preferential flow paths that might not have been otherwise obvious, indicative of short circuiting systems. This proof of concept suggests that these tracers could be applied to watersheds suspected of experiencing NPS septic system pollution.

© The Author(s) 2019 This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
Christine B Georgakakos, Paul L Richards, and M Todd Walter "Tracing Septic Pollution Sources Using Synthetic DNA Tracers: Proof of Concept," Air, Soil and Water Research 12(1), (1 January 2020). https://doi.org/10.1177/1178622119863794
Received: 24 June 2019; Accepted: 24 June 2019; Published: 1 January 2020
KEYWORDS
DNA tracer
groundwater
nonpoint source pollution
quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)
septic system
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