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1 December 2009 Rising Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Partially Masks the Negative Effects of Elevated O3 in Silver Birch (Betula pendula Roth)
Elina Vapaavuori, Jarmo K. Holopainen, Toini Holopainen, Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto, Seija Kaakinen, Anne Kasurinen, Sari Kontunen-Soppela, Katri Kostiainen, Elina Oksanen, Petri Peltonen, Johanna Riikonen, Ingmar Tulva
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Abstract

This review summarizes the main results from a 3-year open top chamber experiment, with two silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) clones (4 and 80) where impacts of 2× ambient [CO2] (EC) and [O3] (EO) and their combination (EC EO) were examined. Growth, physiology of the foliage and root systems, crown structure, wood properties, and biological interactions were assessed to understand the effects of a future climate on the biology of silver birch. The clones displayed great differences in their reaction to EC and EO. Growth in clone 80 increased by 40% in EC and this clone also appeared O3-tolerant, showing no growth reduction. In contrast, growth in clone 4 was not enhanced by EC, and EO reduced growth with root growth being most affected. The physiological responses of the clones to EO were smaller than expected. We found no O3 effect on net photosynthesis in either of the clones, and many parameters indicated no change compared with chamber controls, suggesting active detoxification and defense in foliage. In EO, increased rhizospheric respiration over time and accelerated leaf senescence was common in both clones. We assumed that elevated O3 offsets the positive effects of elevated CO2 when plants were exposed to combined EC EO treatment. In contrast, the responses to EC EO mostly resembled the ones in EC, at least partly due to stomatal closure, which thus reduced O3 flux to the leaves. However, clear cellular level symptoms of oxidative stress were observed also in EC EO treatment. Thus, we conclude that EC masked most of the negative O3 effects during long exposure of birch to EC EO treatment. Biotic interactions were not heavily affected. Only some early season defoliators may suffer from faster maturation of leaves due to EO.

Elina Vapaavuori, Jarmo K. Holopainen, Toini Holopainen, Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto, Seija Kaakinen, Anne Kasurinen, Sari Kontunen-Soppela, Katri Kostiainen, Elina Oksanen, Petri Peltonen, Johanna Riikonen, and Ingmar Tulva "Rising Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Partially Masks the Negative Effects of Elevated O3 in Silver Birch (Betula pendula Roth)," AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 38(8), 418-424, (1 December 2009). https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-38.8.418
Published: 1 December 2009
JOURNAL ARTICLE
7 PAGES

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