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1 March 2010 Assessing the Impacts of Long-Range Sulfur and Nitrogen Deposition on Arctic and Sub-Arctic Ecosystems
Martin Forsius, Maximilian Posch, Julian Aherne, Gert Jan Reinds, Jesper Christensen, Lars Hole
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Abstract

For more than a decade, anthropogenic sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) deposition has been identified as a key pollutant in the Arctic. In this study new critical loads of acidity (S and N) were estimated for terrestrial ecosystems north of 60° latitude by applying the Simple Mass Balance (SMB) model using two critical chemical criteria (Al/Bc = 1 and ANCle = 0). Critical loads were exceeded in large areas of northern Europe and the Norilsk region in western Siberia during the 1990s, with the more stringent criterion (ANCle = 0) showing the larger area of exceedance. However, modeled deposition estimates indicate that mean concentrations of sulfur oxides and total S deposition within the Arctic almost halved between 1990 and 2000. The modeled exceeded area is much reduced when currently agreed emission reductions are applied, and almost disappears under the implementation of maximum technically feasible reductions by 2020. In northern North America there was no exceedance under any of the deposition scenarios applied. Modeled N deposition was less than 5 kg ha-1 y-1 almost across the entire study area for all scenarios; and therefore empirical critical loads for the eutrophying impact of nitrogen are unlikely to be exceeded. The reduction in critical load exceedances is supported by observed improvements in surface water quality, whereas the observed extensive damage of terrestrial vegetation around the mining and smelter complexes in the area is mainly caused by direct impacts of air pollution and metals.

© Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 2010 www.kva.se/en
Martin Forsius, Maximilian Posch, Julian Aherne, Gert Jan Reinds, Jesper Christensen, and Lars Hole "Assessing the Impacts of Long-Range Sulfur and Nitrogen Deposition on Arctic and Sub-Arctic Ecosystems," AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 39(2), 136-147, (1 March 2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-010-0022-7
Received: 13 March 2009; Accepted: 23 July 2009; Published: 1 March 2010
JOURNAL ARTICLE
12 PAGES

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KEYWORDS
Acidity
Arctic
Critical loads
Exceedance
modelling
nitrogen
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