On the basis of field and herbarium work, 11 species of Cyathea from Peru are described as new. Cyathea angelica, C. hierbabuena, C. pibyae, C. recondita, C. xerica, and C. yambrasensis come from the headwaters of the Marañón river in northern Peru, and C. estevesorum, C. lehnertii, C. monteagudoi, C. rocioae, and C. valliciergoana from the eastern flanks of the Andes of central to southern Peru. Most of the new species described occur in sandstone soils and may be restricted to it. They are illustrated and discussed regarding their biogeography and possible phylogenetic affinities.