DIAGNOSIS: Dysderoid spiders: haplogynes, without AME, lacking basal cheliceral fusion and distal cheliceral lamellae, with the posterior respiratory system comprising a pair of tracheal spiracles just posterior to the book lung spiracles. Further, oonopids lack the inferior tarsal claw and are distinguished from Orsolobidae by the flat tarsal organ, converging endites, and, in most species, the absence of cheliceral teeth (Forster and Platnick, 1985; Jocqué and Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006).

TYPE SPECIES: Noideattella amboa, new species.

ETYMOLOGY: This name is an arbitrary combination of letters and is feminine in gender.

DIAGNOSIS: Noideattella species must have the following five characters: carapace pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view forming a posterior cone (figs. 3, 12, 33, 41, 203); abdomen covered completely by sclerotized scuta (figs. 1, 2, 31, 32, 113, 114); tibia I and metatarsus II lateral surfaces with stout spines, femora lateral sides smooth (figs. 102–109), tibia I dorsal row of ridges absent; female internal genitalia with T-shaped anterior sclerite (figs. 22, 53, 152); embolus curved approximately 90° at half its length, and divided into two lamellae armed with several apophyses (figs. 27–30, 57–60, 137–140).

DESCRIPTION: Total length of males 1.3–2.1, of females 1.5–2.4. Cephalothorax: Six eyes, subequal in size and well developed (figs. 7, 67, 119, 207). Carapace without any pattern, broadly oval in dorsal view, anteriorly narrowed to between 0.5 to 0.75 times its maximum width, anterolateral corners without extension or projections, with rounded posterolateral corners, posterolateral edge with pair of pits, thorax without depressions, fovea absent, without radiating rows of pits (figs. 4, 11, 34, 42, 116, 132). Posterior margin not bulging below posterior rim, posterolateral surface without spikes, lateral margin slightly rebordered, without denticles, marginal setae light colored, needlelike, forming a continuous line of very small setae with enlarged bases better observed with SEM (figs. 3, 12, 33, 41, 75, 79, 131). Nonmarginal pars cephalica setae sparse, light colored, needlelike, present in U-shaped row, nonmarginal pars thoracica setae few, light colored, needlelike (figs. 4, 11, 34, 42, 76, 187). Clypeus margin slightly rebordered, curved downward in front view, vertical in lateral view, high, ALE separated from edge of carapace by their radius or more, median projection absent; setae light colored, needlelike, clypeal setae larger than the setae covering nonmarginal areas of pars cephalica and thoracica (figs. 7, 18, 37, 95, 119, 192). Chilum absent. All eyes oval; posterior eye row recurved from above and from front; ALE separated by their radius to their diameter, ALE-PLE separated by less than ALE radius, PME touching throughout most of their length, PLE-PME separated by less than PME radius. Setae around ocular area enlarged, similar in size to clypeal setae (figs. 11, 34, 92, 174, 234). Sternum cuticle either finely or coarsely reticulated (figs. 16, 43, 117, 133, 145, 162). Sternum uniform, fused to carapace, median concavity absent, with radial furrows between coxae I–II, II–III, III–IV, radial furrow opposite coxae III absent, sickle-shaped structures absent, posterior margin not extending posteriorly of coxae IV, anterior corner unmodified, lateral margin with infracoxal grooves and anterior and posterior openings, distance between coxae approximately equal, extensions of precoxal triangles absent, lateral margins unmodified, without posterior hump; setae sparse, light colored, needlelike, originating from surface, without hair tufts; setae evenly scattered (figs. 5, 16, 35, 43, 145, 160, 205, 220). Mouthparts: Male endites same as sternum in sclerotization (figs. 5, 35, 65, 93). Male palpal patella shorter than femur and not swollen, male bulb spherical (figs. 6, 8, 36, 38, 66, 68). Chelicerae straight, anterior surface unmodified (figs. 17–19); promargin without teeth; fang without tooth-like projections, directed medially, without prominent basal process, tip unmodified; setae light colored, needlelike, evenly scattered (figs. 47–49, 191–193, 221–223, 247–249); paturon distal region unmodified, posterior surface unmodified, promargin unmodified, inner margin unmodified. Labium triangular, not fused to sternum, anterior margin indented at middle, same as sternum in sclerotization; with six or more setae on anterior margin, subdistal portion with unmodified setae (figs. 80, 186, 195). Endites anteromedian and posteromedian parts unmodified (figs. 5, 35, 65, 93), distally excavated, anteromedian tip unmodified, posteromedian part unmodified, same as sternum in sclerotization (figs. 14, 45, 129, 216). Abdomen: Abdomen without color pattern, dorsal scutum present, strongly sclerotized and covering entire surface (figs. 1, 31, 113). Both epigastric scuta strongly sclerotized and covering venter of abdomen (figs. 2, 32, 114). Interscutal membrane rows of small sclerotized platelets absent posteriorly; dorsum soft portions white, without color pattern (figs. 3, 33, 63, 91). Book lung covers without setae, anterolateral edge unmodified (figs. 62, 100, 114, 287). Posterior spiracles connected by groove (figs. 9, 39, 122, 209). Carapace and abdomen area around the pedicel without plumose setae (figs. 15, 169). Pedicel tube short, ribbed, scutopedicel region unmodified, scutum not extending far dorsal of pedicel, matted setae on anterior ventral abdomen in pedicel area absent, cuticular outgrowths near pedicel absent (figs. 33, 98, 100, 173, 203). Dorsal scutum strongly sclerotized, without color pattern, covering full length of abdomen, no soft tissue visible from above, not fused to epigastric scutum, anterior half without projecting denticles (figs. 1, 61, 113, 171). Epigastric scutum strongly sclerotized, surrounding pedicel, small lateral sclerites absent, not protruding, without long posterior extension, rounded posteriorly. Postepigastric scutum strongly sclerotized, covering nearly full length of abdominal length, fused to epigastric scutum, anterior margin unmodified, without posteriorly directed lateral apodemes (figs. 2, 32, 114, 172, 232). Internal apodemes on epigastric scutum present in males (figs. 270, 272). Spinneret scutum present as an incomplete ring (fig. 112). Dorsum setae light colored, needlelike (figs. 84, 170). Epigastric area setae uniform, light colored, needlelike (figs. 20, 21, 73, 74, 155, 156). Postepigastric area setae light colored, needlelike. Spinneret scutum with fringe of needlelike setae. Without dense patch of setae anterior to spinnerets (figs. 32, 62, 99, 142). Interscutal membrane with setae, colulus represented only by setae (fig. 112). Legs: Spines always present on tibia and metatarsi I and II. Metatarsi always with two pair of spines, tibia spination variable (figs. 102, 103). Tibia IV prolateral distal spine present in some species. Femur IV without spines, not thickened, same size as femora I to III. Femur IV not thickened, same size as femora I to III, patella plus tibia I shorter than carapace, tibia I unmodified (figs. 102, 103, 106, 107), tibia I Emerit's glands absent, tibia IV specialized setae on ventral apex absent, tibia IV ventral scopula absent, metatarsi I and II mesoapical comb absent, metatarsi III and IV weak ventral scopula absent. Trichobothria on tibiae: I three, IV three, trichobothria base longitudinally narrowed, aperture internal texture gratelike, hood covered by numerous low, closely spaced ridges (fig. 44). Tarsal organ with number of sensilla variable (figs. 83, 167, 226). Male genitalia: Epigastric region region with sperm pore small, oval, rebordered (figs. 2, 20, 62, 99, 128, 155), furrow without Ω-shaped insertions, without setae (figs. 20, 50, 128, 183). Palp not strongly sclerotized, right and left palps symmetrical, embolus light colored, prolateral excavation absent; femur without posteriorly rounded lateral dilation, attaching to patella basally; patella shorter than femur, not enlarged, without prolateral row of ridges, setae unmodified; cymbium not fused with bulb, without stout setae; bulb 1 to 1.5 times as long as cymbium, stout, spherical (figs. 25, 26, 86, 87, 135, 136). Most sperm stored in bulb as no sperm duct observed in cleared preparations, interior of bulb more like sperm sac than sperm duct. Embolus formed by two primary lamellae curved approximately 90° (figs. 6, 8, 36, 38, 146, 148); these function for removal of sperm sacs from previous males, behavior recently documented (Burger and Carrera, 2011; Burger, 2010). Dorsal lamella (DL) of most species divided into two branches; ventral lamella (VL) divided into two or three branches (figs. 27–30, 57, 60, 137–140); dorsal lamella larger, firmly attached to tegulum, ventral lamella smaller, with membranous base (figs. 6, 68, 178, 264). Female: As in male except as noted. Cephalothorax: Mouthparts: Endites distally not excavated, cheliceral paturon inner margin lacks modified seta. Sternum anterior margin unmodified (figs. 130, 158, 215, 274). Palp spines absent; patella without prolateral row of ridges (figs. 82, 166), tarsus unmodified. Abdomen: Postepigastric scutum not fused to epigastric scutum, postepigastric scutum without lateral joints (figs. 20, 21, 50, 51, 127, 128). Female genitalia: Receptaculum (Re) wider than long, dorsal surface with several gland openings (figs. 24, 126, 300), united to posterior scutum by flexible section (figs. 22, 52, 125). Receptaculum with two lateral apodemes bearing anterior and posterior extensions (A1). A1 anterior extension aligned with apodemes A2, A1 posterior extension aligned with apodemes A3 (figs. 23, 53, 71, 181). Globular appendix (GAp) of variable shape, extends dorsally from receptaculum middle anterior surface, GAp aligned with T-shaped sclerite (ASc). ASc originates from posterior end of epigastric scutum (figs. 23, 54, 152, 214).

NOTE ON GENITALIC FUNCTION: The function of these sclerites has not been deduced in any of the species described here, because we did not observe the muscles in semithin sections; however, we can predict the function of these features given their similarities with S. loricatula (Burger et al., 2006). In the latter species the sac secretory glands (Pa) open through the sclerotized part of the receptaculum (figs. 124, 126). Lateral apodemes (A1), the epigastric scutum apodemes A2 and posterior scutum apodemes A3 open and close the epigastric furrow for sperm and secretory sac dumping and presumably during oviposition. The receptaculum median apodeme (GAp) and the epigastric scutum apodeme (ASc) lock the uterus externus during copulation, by contracting two muscles attached to the internal walls of apodemes A1 and the ASc (figs. 54, 153). The stalklike extension from the globular appendix to the receptaculum anterior end is absent, in contrast with Silhouettella loricatula (Burger, 2010: fig. 5B). The embolar ventral lamella expands slightly when boiled in lactic acid; probably the same movements occur during ejaculation (however, direct evidence has not been observed).

PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS: Noideattella is supported by the following eight synapomorphies (but not necessarily autapomorphies) common to all cladograms (fig. 371): clypeus shape curved downward [ancestral state straight] (figs. 7, 37, 67, 119) in females (15–0) and males (238–0); sternum cuticle furrows with rows of small pits in females (49–2) and males (273–0) [ancestral state ambiguous] (figs. 16, 78, 189); change from rows of small pits to rows of large pits occurs inside Noideattella in a clade formed by N. saka, N. lakana, and N. tsiba (figs. 117, 133, 145, 162, 261, 277); tibia leg IV distal spine on prolateral surface present (fig. 168) in females (152–1) and males (379–1); male carapace posterior lateral edge with a pair of pits (227–1: figs. 132, 169); cymbium narrow in dorsal view (441–1: figs. 200, 278, 306).

SPECIES INCLUDED: Noideattella assumptia, new combination, and the following new species: N. amboa, N. famafa, N. fantara, N. farihy, N. gamela, N. lakana, N. mamba, N. saka, N. tany, and N. tsiba. All species epithets derive from common Malagasy nouns.

1a. Metatarsi I and II with two pairs of lateral spines (fig. 103). Plumose setae absent around the carapace and abdomen area (figs. 3, 15, 33, 42) Noideattella 2

1b. Metatarsi I and II with one or zero pairs of lateral spines (fig. 364). Plumose setae present around the carapace and abdomen area (figs. 328, 329, 357) Tolegnaro 12

2a. Book lung covers small and round (figs. 2, 3, 142, 143, 232, 233) 3

2b. Book lung covers large and ovoid (figs. 173, 203) or long and narrow (figs. 32, 33) 5

3a. Sternum surface coarsely reticulated and covered with large round pits distributed medially and in furrows (figs. 117, 134, 145, 162) tsiba

3b. Sternum microsculpture finely reticulate distributed medially and in furrows (figs. 5, 16, 235, 243) 4

4a. Abdomen cylindrical, epigastric scutum length about at half of the abdomen (figs. 232, 233) fantara

4b. Abdomen ovoid, epigastric scutum less than half the abdomen length (figs. 2, 3) amboa

5a. Book lung covers very narrow and long (figs. 32, 33) assumptia

5b. Book lung covers wide (figs. 63, 91, 115, 172, 203) 6

6a. Habitus color brown. Carapace surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica and sides smooth (figs. 64, 92) 7

6b. Habitus color otherwise. Carapace surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica and sides granulated (figs. 34, 113, 116, 174, 204) 8

7a. Male legs I and II metatarsi with spines (figs. 102, 103). Embolus ventral lamella with a large flat curved apophysis at its base (figs. 66, 86) gamela

7b. Male leg I and II metatarsi without spines and armed with a median triangular bump (figs. 108, 109). Embolus ventral lamella with a small curved apophysis at its base (figs. 110, 111) famafa

8a. Sternum surface coarsely reticulated and covered with large round pits distributed medially and in furrows (figs. 117, 261) 9

8b. Sternum smooth or microsculpture finely reticulate distributed medially and in furrows (figs. 5, 16, 235, 243) 10

9a. Habitus color dark red-brown, body length 2.1 to 2.4 mm (figs. 257, 261). Carapace pars cephalica strongly granulate (figs. 259, 260) lakana

9b. Habitus color orange-brown, body length 1.9 to 2.1 mm (figs. 113, 117). Carapace pars cephalica moderately to strongly granulate (figs. 113, 116) saka

10a. Ocular area distinctly higher than the clypeus height (figs. 177, 291). Abdomen ovoid, postepigastric scutum semicircular (figs. 171, 285) 11

10b. Ocular area equal or slightly higher than the clypeus height (figs. 207, 217). Abdomen cylindrical, postepigastric scutum rectangular (figs. 201, 202) tany

11a. Sternum microsculpture finely reticulate distributed over entire sternum surface (fig. 289, 303). Carapace surface of pars cephalica heavily granulated (figs. 288, 291, 302). Embolus ventral lamella with a large, flat, curved apophysis at its base (figs. 292, 310) farihy

11b. Sternum microsculpture finely reticulate distributed medially and in furrows (figs. 175, 189). Carapace surface of pars cephalica dimly to fairly granulated (figs. 174, 188, 196). Embolus ventral lamella without such apophysis (figs. 176, 197) mamba

12a. Carapace surface smooth (figs. 316, 325). Sternum furrows smooth, microsculpture absent (figs. 317, 327). Metatarsi I and II with one pair of spines, tibia spine number variable. Paturon setate distal region unmodified (fig. 319) sagani

12b. Carapace side microsculpture finely reticulate (figs. 345, 361). Sternum microsculpture finely reticulate only in furrows (figs. 346, 362). Metatarsi and tibia I and II spines absent (fig. 364). Paturon distal region with curved seta in males (figs. 348, 363) kepleri

TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype from Berlese and sifted leaf litter of a gallery forest at an elevation of 40 m at Reserve Prive Berenty, Forêt de Malaza, Mandrare River, 8.6 km 314° NW Ambosary, 25°0′28″S, 46°18′22″E, Toliara Province (6 February 2002, B.L. Fisher et al.) deposited in CASC (PBI_OON 00036156). The species epithet, a noun in apposition, is taken from the Malagasy word for dog.

DIAGNOSIS: N. amboa can be differentiated from other Noideattella species by the following combination of characters: habitus dark red-brown, carapace pars cephalica and sides strongly granulate (figs. 4, 11, 12). Book lung covers small and round (figs. 2, 3). Sternum microsculpture finely reticulate distributed medially and in furrows (figs. 5, 16). Male paturon inner margin with modified seta of variable thickness (figs. 17–19).

DESCRIPTION: Male (PBI_OON 0002013): Total length 1.4. Cephalothorax: Carapace dark red-brown. Sternum longer than wide, dark red-brown, furrow with rows of small pits, anterior margin with interrupted transverse groove (figs. 4, 5, 7, 11, 12). Mouthparts: Chelicerae, endites, labium dark red-brown. Abdomen: Ovoid. Dorsal scutum dark red-brown, middle surface smooth, sides smooth. Postepigastric scutum dark red-brown, long, semicircular, covering nearly full length of abdomen (figs. 1, 2). Male genital opening slightly protruded, epigastric scutum apodemes small, contiguous with anterior book lung opening, not connected by furrow. Posterior spiracles connected by groove (figs. 10, 20). Legs: Pale orange, without color pattern. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: I, II p1-2-0; r1-2-0; IV p0-0-1; metatarsi: I, II p1-1-0; r1-1-0; IV p0-0-1. Tarsal organ with two sensilla visible. Genitalia: Epigastric region with sperm pore situated at level of anterior spiracles (fig. 20). Palp proximal segments pale orange; cymbium pale orange, with distal patch of setae; bulb pale orange. Embolus dorsal lamella with distal apophysis (figs. 27, 28), ventral lamella bifurcate (figs. 6, 8). Palp as in figures 25 and 26. Female (PBI_OON 0002013): Total length 1.6. As in male except as noted. Cheliceral paturon inner margin with scattered setae. Legs: Metatarsi III and IV ventral scopula absent. Leg spination: tibiae: I, II p1-2-0; r1-2-0; IV p0-0-1; metatarsi: I, II p1-1-0; r1-1-0; IV p0-0-1; leg IV: both spines considerably smaller than those of legs I, II; tibial spine same length as segment width, metatarsal spine longer. Trichobothria of metatarsus: I one, IV one. Genitalia: Genital opening slit shaped (fig. 21). Sperm sac papillae flat, extending less than half receptaculum length, concentrated in center. Apodemes A2 less than half receptaculum length (figs. 9, 10, 22), GAp process shaped like twisted tube (figs. 22, 23). Genitalia as in figures 9 and 10.

VARIATION: The book lung covers in some specimens are considerably reduced. Cheliceral paturon inner margin setae vary among specimens; some lack modified setae, while other specimens have a brush of modified seta (figs. 17, 18). Male leg I and II spines on tibia and metatarsus vary considerably with very few specimens lacking spines. Embolar dorsal and ventral lamella apophyses shape and number vary among individuals. Female leg I: the tibia spination varies from three to two spines at both sides; leg II spination varies widely with some specimens without spines on tibia. The number of spines on metatarsus (2 pairs) is constant. Female genital receptaculum sclerotized portion variable in shape, apodeme bases vary in shape either by covering most of the receptaculum or being considerably shorter. The T-shaped lateral extension also varies in length. Embolic lamellae vary in shape and number; in some specimens the prolateral surface of the embolus presents a small tooth (fig. 6).

MATERIAL EXAMINED: N = 542. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa: Forêt d'Analalava, 29.6 km 280° W Ranohira, tropical dry forest, 700 m, 22.59166°S, 45.12833°E, Feb. 01–05, 2003, Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3279); 4♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3303); 8 mixed (CASC BI_OON 3313); 4♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3347); Parc National d'Isalo, Sahanafa River, 29.2 km 351° N Ranohira, gallery forest, 500 m, 22.31333°S, 45.29166°E, Feb. 10–13, 2003, C. Griswold, B. Fisher, et al., 8 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3934). Majunga: Reserve forestiere Beanka, 50.7 km E Maintirano, tropical dry forest on tsingy, 140 m, 17.88027°S, 44.46888°E, Oct. 29 to Nov. 01, 2009, B.L. Fisher et al., 3♂ (CASC PBI_OON 36124). Toliara: 8.9 km NW Tolagnaro, rainforest, 100 m, 24.98138°S, 46.92555°E, Nov. 27–28, 2006, B.L. Fisher et al., 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3467); Antafoky, gallery forest, 60 m, 23.47916°S, 44.06611°E, Jan. 26, 2002, Frontier Project, 9 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3863); Beza-Mahafaly, 27 km E Betioky, rainforest, 135 m, 23.65000°S, 44.63333°E, Apr. 23, 1997, B.L. Fisher, 21 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3964); Bohibasia Forest, 59 km NE Sakaraha, tropical dry forest, 780 m, 22.46666°S, 41.83333°E, Jan. 13, 1996, B.L. Fisher, 11 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3967); 4♂ (CASC PBI_OON 36283); 2♀ (CASC PBI_OON 36373); Fiherenana, degraded gallery forest, 50 m, 23.23527°S, 43.87083°E, Dec. 01–04, 2002, Frontier Project, 11 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3299); Fiherenana, gallery forest, 100 m, 23.17694°S, 43.96083°E, Oct. 21–24, 2002, Frontier Project, 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3304); Forêt Claseé d'Analavelona 29.2 km 343° NNW Mahaboboka, montane rainforest, 1100 m, 22.67500°S, 44.19000°E, Feb. 18–22, 2003, Fisher, Griswold et al., 3 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3570); Forêt Clasee d'Analavelona 29.2 km 343° NNW Mahaboboka, montane rainforest, 1100 m, 22.67500°S, 44.19000°E, Feb. 21, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3952); 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3953); 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3954); Forêt de Beroboka, 5.9 km 131° SE Ankidranoka, tropical dry forest, 80 m, 22.23305°S, 43.36638°E, Mar. 12–16, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 12 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36233); Forêt de Mahavelo, Isantoria River, tropical dry forest, 110 m, 24.75833°S, 46.15722°E, Jan. 28 to Feb. 01, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 3 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3551); 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3535); Forêt de Mite, 20.7 km 29° WNW Tongobory, gallery forest, 75 m, 23.52416°S, 44.12138°E, Feb. 7 to Mar. 03, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 38 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3079); 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3899); Forêt de Petriky, 12.5 km W Tolagnaro, littoral forest, 10 m, 25.06216°S, 46.86933°E, Nov. 22, 1998, Sylvian, B.L. Fisher, 38 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 2013); 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3861); Forêt de Tsinjoriaky, 6.2 km 84°E Tsifota, spiny forest thicket, 70 m, 22.80222°S, 43.42055°E, Mar. 06–10, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 4 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3284); 12♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3309); 10 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3360); Forêt Vohidava 88.9 km N Ambobasary, spiny forest thicket, 500 m, 24.24055°S, 46.28694°E, Dec. 06–08, 2006, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 6 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3435); Fort Dauphin, Mt. Vasiha, primary forest, 100 m, Feb. 07, 1995, K. Emberton, 1♀ (MRAC MT. 220. 871 PBI_OON 9767); Mahafaly Plateau, 6.2 km 74° ENE Itampolo, spiny forest thicket, 80 m, 24.65361°S, 43.99666°E, Feb. 21–25, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3300); 6 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3557); 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 36388); Manderano, gallery forest, 75 m, 23.52416°S, 44.09277°E, May 29, 2002, Frontier Project, 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3283); 2♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3310); Parc National d'Andohahela, Forêt d'Ambohibory, 1.7 km 61° ENE Tsimelahy, 36.1 km 308° NW Tolagnaro, tropical dry forest, 300 m, 24.93000°S, 46.64555°E, Jan. 16–20, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3274); 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3550); 21 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3553); 2♂ (CASC PBI_OON 36274); 8♂ (CASC PBI_OON 36384); Parc National d'Andohahela, 36.7 km 341° NNW Tolagnaro, tropical dry forest, 900 m, 24.76388°S, 46.75166°E, Jan. 21–25, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team,1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 36281); Parc National d'Andohahela, Forêt de Manantalinjo, 33.6 km 63° ENE Amboasary, 7.6 km 99° E Hazofotsy, spiny forest thicket, 150 m, 24.81694°S, 46.61000°E, Jan. 12–16, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 14 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3946); 8♂ (CASC PBI_OON 36400); Parc National de Tsimanampetsotsa, 6.7 km 130° SE Efoetse, 23 km 175° S Beheloka, spiny forest thicket, 25 m, 24.10055°S, 43.76000°E, Mar. 18–22, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 16 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3239); Parc National de Tsimanampetsotsa, Forêt de Bemanateza, 20.7 km 81° E Efoetse, 23.0 km 131° SE Beheloka, spiny forest thicket, 90 m, 23.99222°S, 43.88055°E, Mar. 22–26, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3935); Parc National de Zombitse, 19.8 km 84° E Sakaraha, dry forest on sandy soil, 770 m, 22.84333°S, 44.71000°E, Feb. 05–09, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 4 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3931); Ranobe, spiny forest thicket, 30 m, 23.03944°S, 43.61027°E, Feb. 17–21, 2003, Frontier Project, 6 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3939); 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 36272); 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 36273); Reserve Prive Berenty, Forêt de Bealoka, Mandrare River, 14.6 km 329° NW Amboasary, gallery forest, 35 m, 24.95694°S, 46.27138°E, Feb. 03–08, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 98 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3043); 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3583); 2♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3945); Reserve Prive Berenty, Forêt de Malaza, Mandrare River, 8.6 km 314° NW Amboasary, gallery forest, 40 m, 25.00777°S, 46.30611°E, Feb. 06, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 58 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3556); Reserve Speciale de Cap Sainte Marie, 12.3 km 262° W Marovato, spiny forest thicket, 200 m, 25.58166°S, 45.16833°E, Feb. 11–15, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 2♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3278); 2♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3306); 17 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3307); 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3311); 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3561); 5♂ (CASC PBI_OON 36385); Reserve Speciale de Cap Sainte Marie, 14.9 km 261°W Marovato, spiny forest thicket, 160 m, 25.59444°S, 45.14694°E, Feb. 13–19, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 20 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3581); S.F. Mandena, 8.4 km NNE Tolagnaro, littoral forest, 20 m, 24.95233°S, 47.00100°E, Nov. 20, 1998, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 2217); Sept Lacs, spiny forest thicket, 160 m, 23.52472°S, 44.15916°E, Mar. 10, 2002, Frontier Project, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3322); Sous-pref. Amboasary: Reserve Berenty, 10 km NW d'Amboasary, valles de la riviere Mandrare, parcelle no. 3, under rocks and ground debris, Dec. 04, 1989, B. Hauser, 1♀ (NHMB Mad-89/47 PBI_OON 36142); Southern Isoky-Vohimena Forest, tropical dry forest, 730 m, 22.68333°S, 44.83333°E, Jan. 21, 1996, Sylvian, B.L. Fisher et al., 3♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3966). Tulear: 18 km NNW Betroka, 825 m, 23.16333°S, 44.96861°E, Dec. 09–14, 1994, M. Ivie and A. Pollock, 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3968); 18 km NNW Betroka, 825 m, 23.16333°S, 44.96861°E, Dec. 09–14, 1994, M. Ivie and A. Pollock, 3♀ (CASC PBI_OON 36284).

Silhouettella assumptia Saaristo, 2001: 319, figs. 32A, 33A, 34A, 35–39 (paratypes examined from Seychelles, Aldabra, Assumption Atoll, 14 July 1984, USSR Zool. Expedition, deposited in MZT, PBI_ OON 35298).

DIAGNOSIS: N. assumptia can be differentiated from other Noideattella species by the following combination of characters: habitus orange-brown; carapace pars cephalica and sides strongly granulate (figs. 34, 41, 42), book lung covers large and very narrow (figs. 32, 33); sternum microsculpture surface finely reticulate distributed medially and in furrows (figs. 35, 43); female epigastric scutum A2 apodeme bases longer than ⅔ the genital opening length (figs. 39, 53).

DESCRIPTION: Male (PBI_OON 3248): Total length 1.3. Cephalothorax: Carapace orange-brown. Sternum as long as wide, orange-brown, furrow with rows of small pits, anterior margin with interrupted transverse groove (figs. 35, 43, 45). Mouthparts: Chelicerae, endites, and labium orange-brown. Abdomen: ovoid. Dorsal scutum orange-brown, middle surface reticulate, sides reticulate. Postepigastric scutum orange-brown, long, semicircular, covering nearly full length of abdomen (figs. 31–33). Male genital opening slightly protruded, epigastric scutum apodemes small, contiguous with anterior book lung openings, connected by a furrow. Posterior spiracles connected by a groove (fig. 50). Legs: Pale orange, without color pattern. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: 1 p2-1-1; r2-1-0; II p2-2-1; r2-1-0; metatarsi: I, II p1-1-0; r1-1-0. Tarsal organ with four sensilla visible. Genitalia: Epigastric region with sperm pore situated at level of anterior spiracles (fig. 50). Palp proximal segments yellow; cymbium yellow, with distal patch of setae; bulb yellow (figs. 36–38). Embolus dorsal lamella with at least two distal apophyses (figs. 57—60), ventral lamella bifurcate (figs. 56, 59). Palp as in figures 55 and 56. Female (PBI_OON 3248): Total length 1.5. As in male except as noted. Abdomen: Postepigastric scutum not fused to epigastric scutum. Spinneret scutum with fringe of needlelike setae. Legs: Metatarsi III and IV weak ventral scopula present. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: I p2-1-1; r2-1-0; II p2-2-1; r2-1-0; metatarsi: I, II p1-1-0; r1-1-0. Trichobothria of metatarsus: I one, IV one. Tarsal organ number of sensilla variable, leg four has two sensilla, other tarsal organ sensilla vary from three to two. Genitalia: Genital opening slit shaped (fig. 51). Sperm sac secretory glands openings flat, concentrated around GAp process, GAp process shaped like twisted tube (fig. 54). Genitalia as in figures 39 and 40.

VARIATION: Male paturon inner margin setae vary among specimens; some lack modified setae, while other specimens have a brush of modified seta (figs. 37, 47–49). Male leg II spination varies from three to four spines on the prolateral side of tibiae. Shape and number of embolar dorsal and ventral lamella apophyses shape varies among individuals.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: N = 250. Madagascar: Antsiranana: Forêt Bekaraoka, 6.8 km 60° ENE Daraina, tropical dry forest, 150 m, S13.00277°, E49.01166°, Dec. 07, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 5♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3958); Forêt d'Ampondrabe, 26.3 km 10° NNE Daraina, tropical dry forest, 175 m, S12.97000°, E49.70000°, Dec. 10, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod team, 13 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3579); Forêt d'Ampombofofo, littoral forest, 25 m, S12.09944°, E49.33861°, Nov. 21–22, 2007, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 36093); Forêt d'Orangea, 3.6 km 128° SE Ramena, littoral forest, 90 m, S12.25888°, E49.37472°, Feb. 22–28, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod team, 30 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3248); 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3250); 3♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3301); 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3932); Forêt di'Andavakoera, 21.4 km 356° N Betsiaka, rainforest, 425 m, S13.00194°, E49.00361°, Dec. 15, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod team, 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3956); Montagne des Français, 7.2 km 142° SE Antsiranana (=Diego Suarez), tropical dry forest, 180 m, S12.32277°, E49.33805°, Feb. 22–28, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod team, 6 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3264); 5 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3273); 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3930); Nosy Be, Lokobe Forest, S13.41633°, E48.30736°, Aug. 11–14, 1992, V. Roth, B. Roth, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3949); Parc National Montagne d'Ambre, 3.6 km 235° SW Joffreville, tropical dry forest, 925 m, S12.53444°, E49.17944°, Jan. 20–26, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3268); Reserve Analamerana, 16.7 km 123° SW Anivorano Nord, tropical dry forest, 225 m, S12.67138°, E49.37388°, Dec. 03, 2004, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod team, 9 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 35275); 5 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 35264); Reserve Speciale d'Ambre, 3.5 km 235° SW Sakaramy, 325 m, S12.46888°, E49.24222°, Jan. 26–31, 2001, L.J. Boutin, 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3261); Reserve Speciale d'Ambre, 3.5 km 235° SW Sakaramy, tropical dry forest, 325 m, S12.46888°, E49.24222°, Jan. 26–31, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 18 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3263); 18 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3276); 4♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3963); 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36270); Reserve Speciale de l'Ankarana, 22.9 km 224° SW Anivorano Nord, tropical dry forest, 80 m, S12.90888°, E49.10972°, Feb. 10–16, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3285); 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3933); 16 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3957); 4♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3960); 5 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36234); Reserve Speciale l'Ankarana, 13.6 km 192° SSW Anivorano Nord, tropical dry forest, 210 m, S12.86361°, E49.22583°, Feb. 16–20, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3241); 24 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3242); Reserve Speciale l'Ankarana, 22.9 km 224° SW Anivorano Nord, Camp Anglaise, 80 m, S12.90888°, E49.10972°, Feb. 10–16, 2001, L.J. Boutin, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3297). Seychelles: Aldabra, Assumption Atoll, July 14, 1984, USSR Zool. Expedition, 2 mixed, paratypes (MZT PBI_OON 35298).

TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype from Berlese and sifted leaf litter of a montane rainforest at an elevation of 1075 m at Ambatovy, 18°51′3″S, 48°19′17″E, Toamasina (21 March 2004, Malagasy ant team) deposited in CASC (PBI_OON 00036157). The species epithet, a noun in apposition, is taken for the Malagasy word for bucket.

DIAGNOSIS: N. gamela can be differentiated from other Noideattella species by the following combination of characters: habitus color dark brown; carapace pars cephalica and sides smooth (figs. 64, 76) or with very weak granulate texture (visible only with SEM: figs. 75, 79); sternum microsculpture finely reticulate distributed medially and in furrows (figs. 65, 77, 78). Book lung covers large and ovoid (figs. 62, 100); male leg I and II metatarsi with two pairs of spines (figs. 102, 103); embolus ventral lamella with a flat curved apophysis (figs. 66, 68). The female of this species and N. famafa are morphologically identical and only present differences in phenology, with adults of N. gamela found from November to March, whereas N. famafa females are found in September.

DESCRIPTION: Male: Total length 2.5. Cephalothorax: Sternum as long as wide, brown, without pits, anterior margin with continuous transverse groove (figs. 65, 77, 78). Mouthparts: Chelicerae, endites, and labium brown. Cheliceral paturon inner margin lacks modified seta, with scattered setae (fig. 67). Abdomen: ovoid. Pedicel with a line of denser setae around the pedicel (fig. 100). Dorsal scutum brown, middle surface smooth, sides smooth. Postepigastric scutum brown, long, semicircular, covering nearly full length of abdomen (figs. 62, 63, 99). Male genital opening slightly protruded, epigastric scutum apodemes not easily visible, contiguous with the anterior book lung opening and inside a deep furrow. Posterior spiracles connected by a groove (figs. 74, 99). Legs: Dark red-brown, femora and basal half of tibiae darkened (figs. 102–105). Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: I p0-1-1; r1-1-1; II p1-1-0; r1-1-0; IV p0-0-1; metatarsi: I, II p1-10; r1-1-0. Trichobothria on tibiae: I three, IV three, trichobothria base longitudinally narrowed, aperture internal texture gratelike, hood covered by numerous low, closely spaced ridges. Tarsal organ with two sensilla visible. Genitalia: Epigastric region with sperm pore situated in front of anterior spiracles (fig. 74). Palp proximal segments pale brown; cymbium pale brown, with distal patch of setae; bulb pale brown (figs. 66, 68). Embolus dorsal lamella with at least two distal apophyses (fig. 85), ventral lamella with three apophyses (fig. 88). Palp as in figures 81, 86, and 87. Female (PBI_OON 0003295): Total length 2.4. As in male except as noted. Abdomen: Pedicel surrounded by line of denser setae. Legs: Tibia I Emerit's glands present, metatarsi III and IV weak ventral scopula absent, tibiae Emerit's glands very shallow and difficult to see. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: I, II p2-1-1; r1-1-1; IV p0-0-1; metatarsi: I, II p1-1-0; r1-1-0. Trichobothria absent from metatarsi I and IV. Genitalia: Genital opening slit shaped (fig. 73). Sperm sac secretory gland openings flat, extending all over receptaculum posterior surface, GAp process shaped as a twisted tube (figs. 71, 72). Genitalia as in figures 69 and 70.

VARIATION: The coloration varies from brown to red-brown among specimens. Female leg I: spine number varies from two to three on the prolateral side, leg II: tibial spine number varies from two to one on the prolateral side, even within the same specimen (PBI_OON 00003293). Female spines on tibia retrolateral side of legs I and II vary from two to one. Male leg II tibial spine number varies from three to four on the prolateral surface.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: N = 18. Madagascar: Antananarivo: 3 km 41° NE Andranomay, 11.5 km 147° SSE Anjozorobe, montane rainforest, 1300 m, S18.47333°, E47.96000°, Dec. 05–13, 2000, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 2♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3923). Antsiranana: Marojejy Reserve, 8.4 km NNW Manantenina, 700 m, S14.43333°, E49.75000°, Nov. 10–16, 1993, J. Coddington, S. Larcher, C. Griswold, R. Andriamasimanana, N. Scharff, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3466); Pare National de Marojejy, Antranohofa, 26.6 km 31° NNE Andapa, 10.7 km 318° NW Manantenina, montane rainforest, 1325 m, S14.00722°, E49.01222°, Nov. 18, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3562). Fianarantsoa: Ranomafana National Park, Talakely, mixed tropical forest, 900 m, S21.41735°, E47.69916°, Jan. 07–17, 2001, D.H. and K.M. Kavanaugh, R.L. Brett, E. Elsom, F. Vargas, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3959). Toamasina: Ambatovy, montane rainforest, 1075 m, S18.85083°, E48.32139°, Mar. 21, 2004, Malagasy ant team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3573); Montagne d'Anjanaharibe, 18.0 km 21° NNE Ambinanitelo, rainforest, 470 m, S15.18833°, E49.61500°, Mar. 08–12, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3531); Montagne d'Anjanaharibe, 19.5 km 27° NNE Ambinanitelo, montane rainforest, 1100 m, S15.17833°, E49.63500°, Mar. 12–16, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3568); Pare National Masoala, Ambohitsitondroina, Mt, Ambanizana, rainforest, 900 m, S15.57166°, E50.00583°, Feb. 26, 2003, D. Andriamalala, D. Silva, et al., 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3293); Parc National Masoala, Ambohitsitondroina, Mt, Ambanizana, rainforest, 700 m, S15.56941°, E50.00341°, Mar. 01, 2003, D. Andriamalala, D. Silva, et al., 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3294); 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3295); Reserve Analamazaotra, Parc National Andasibe, 23 road km E Moramanga, rainforest, 960 m, S18.94394°, E48.41755°, Jan. 16–18, 2003, C. Griswold, D. Silva, D. Andriamalala, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3335); Torotorofotsy, montane rainforest, 1070 m, S18.87083°, E48.34750°, Mar. 24, 2004, Malagasy ant team, 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3549).

TYPES: Male holotype from general collecting of a low canopy remnant forest at an elevation of 1300 m at Station Forrestiere Angavokely, 22 km E Antananarivo 18°55.6′S, 47°45′E, Antananarivo (8 September 2001, D. Andriamalala, T. Andriambinintsoa, J.J. Rafanomezantsoa, D. Ubick) deposited in CASC (PBI_OON 00003260). The species epithet, a noun in apposition, is taken for the Malagasy word for broom.

DIAGNOSIS: Spiders of N. famafa can be differentiated from other Noideattella species by the following combination of characters: habitus color dark brown; carapace surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica smooth (figs. 91, 92, 95); sternum microsculpture finely reticulate distributed medially and in furrows (fig. 93); book lung covers large and ovoid (fig. 98); male leg I and II metatarsi without spines, and each armed with a median triangular bump (figs. 106–109); embolus ventral lamella with a flat curved apophysis, smaller than that in N. gamela (figs. 94–96). The female specimens of this species and of N. gamela are morphologically identical and only present differences in phenology, with N. famafa adults found in September.

DESCRIPTION: Male (PBI_OON 0003260): Total length 1.8. Cephalothorax: Carapace brown, sides finely reticulate. Sternum as long as wide, brown, furrow with rows of small pits, anterior margin with continuous transverse groove (fig. 93). Mouthparts: Chelicerae, endites, and labium brown, paturon inner margins lack modified seta, with scattered setae (fig. 95). Abdomen: ovoid. Dorsal scutum brown, middle surface and sides smooth. Postepigastric scutum brown, long, semicircular, covering nearly full length of abdomen (figs. 89–91). Legs: Dark red-brown, femora, basal half of tibiae darkened. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: I p0-0-2; r0-0-2; IV p0-0-1 (leg I: metatarsus ventral surface protruded). Genitalia: Epigastric region with sperm pore situated at level of anterior spiracles. Palp proximal segments pale orange; cymbium pale orange, with distal patch of setae; bulb pale orange. Embolus dorsal and ventral lamella with at least one apophysis each. Palp as in figures 110 and 111. Female (PBI_OON 0003938): Total length 2.0. As in male except as noted. Legs: Metatarsi III and IV weak ventral scopula absent. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: I, II p2-1-1; r1-1-1; IV p0-0-1; metatarsi: I, II p1-1-0; r1-1-0 (leg IV: spine on tibia IV smaller than those in tibia I and II). Genitalia: Genital opening slit shaped (figs. 97, 98).

MATERIAL EXAMINED: N = 3. Madagascar: Antananarivo: Station Forrestiere Angavokely, 22 km E Antananarivo, low canopy remnant forest, 1300 m, 18.92666°S, 47.75000°E, Sept. 08, 2001, D. Andriamalala, T. Andriambinintsoa, J.J. Rafanomezantsoa, D. Ubick, 2♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3938).

TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype from Berlese and sifted leaf litter of a rainforest at an elevation of 1580 m at Reserve Speciale Manongarivo: 17.3 km 218° SW Antanamabo, 14°1.3′S, 48°25.1′E, Antsiranana Province (27 October 1998, B.L. Fisher) deposited in CASC (PBI_OON 00036158). The species epithet, a noun in apposition, is taken from the Malagasy word for cat.

DIAGNOSIS: N. saka can be differentiated from other Noideattella species by the following combination of characters: habitus color orange-brown; sternum furrows with row of large pits, surface coarsely reticulate, microsculpture medially and in furrows (figs. 117, 133, 134); carapace pars cephalica and sides moderately to strongly granulate (figs. 115, 116, 131, 132); book lung covers large and elliptical (figs. 114, 115); leg femora bases orange-brown, other leg segments yellow.

DESCRIPTION: Male (PBI_OON 0003237): Total length 1.9. Cephalothorax: Carapace orange-brown. Sternum longer than wide, orange-brown, anterior margin with continuous transverse groove (fig. 129). Mouthparts: Chelicerae, endites, and labium orange-brown. Cheliceral paturon inner margins with scattered setae and without modified setae (fig. 119). Abdomen: Ovoid. Dorsal scutum orange-brown, middle surface smooth, sides smooth. Postepigastric scutum orange-brown, long, semicircular. Male genital opening slightly protruded, epigastric scutum apodemes small, contiguous with the anterior book lung opening, not connected by a furrow. Posterior spiracles connected by a groove (fig. 128). Legs: Yellow, femora and basal half of tibiae darkened. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: I, II p2-1-1; r2-1-1; IV p0-0-1; metatarsi: I, II p1-1-0; r1-1-0.1. Trichobothria on tibiae: I three, IV three, trichobothria base longitudinally narrowed, aperture internal texture gratelike, hood covered by numerous low, closely spaced ridges. Tarsal organ with two sensilla visible. Genitalia: Epigastric region with sperm pore situated at level of anterior spiracles (fig. 128). Palp proximal segments pale orange; cymbium pale orange, with distal patch of setae; bulb pale orange (figs. 118, 120). Embolus dorsal and ventral lamellae with one apophysis each (figs. 137–140). Palp as in figures 135 and 136. Female (PBI_OON 0003237): Total length 2.1. As in male except as noted. Cephalothorax: Carapace pars cephalica and sides moderately to strongly granulate. Mouthparts: Cheliceral paturon inner margin lacks modified setae. Legs: Metatarsi III and IV weak ventral scopula absent. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: I, II p2-1-1; r2-1-1; IV p0-0-1; metatarsi: I, II p1-1-0; r1-1-0. Trichobothria of metatarsus: I one, IV one. Genitalia: Genital opening slit shaped (fig. 127). Sperm sac secretory gland openings flat, extending over the receptaculum surface, GAp process shaped as a twisted tube (figs. 123–126). Genitalia as in figures 121 and 122.

VARIATION: The carapace pars cephalica granulation varies in males: in most specimens cuticle is strongly granulate while in some the granulation is concentrated only at the sides. The distal modified setae on the paturon tip are larger in some specimens. Male leg I: tibial spines vary from five to four on the prolateral surface; leg II: tibial spine number varies from two to four on the prolateral surface and three to four on the retrolateral side. Shape and number of the embolar dorsal and ventral lamellae varies among individuals. Female leg I: tibial spine number varies from four to five; leg II: tibial spine number varies from four to five on the prolateral surface and three to four on the retrolateral side.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: N = 358. Madagascar: Antananarivo: 3 km 41° NE Andranomay, 11.5 km 147° SSE Anjozorobe, montane rainforest, 1300 m, 18.47333°S, 47.96000°E, Dec. 05–13, 2000, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3942); Reserve Speciale d'Ambohitantely, Forêt d'Ambohitantely, 20.9 km 72° NE d'Ankazobe, montane rainforest, 1410 m, 18.22527°S, 47.28694°E, Apr. 17–22, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3280); 2♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3289); 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3936); 3 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3962); Reserve Speciale d'Ambohitantely, Forêt d'Ambohitantely, 24.1 km 59° NE d'Ankazobe, montane rainforest, 1620 m, 18.00277°S, 47.00444°E, Apr. 17–22, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 5 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3266). Antsiranana: Ampasindava, Forêt d'Ambilanivy, 3.9 km 181° S Ambaliha, rainforest, 600 m, 13.79861°S, 48.16166°E, Mar. 04–09, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3536); 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3937); Forêt Ambanitaza, 26.1 km from Antalaha, rainforest, 240 m, 14.67944°S, 50.18361°E, Nov. 26, 2004, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 35279); 8 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 35279); Forêt Ambato, 26.6 km 33° NE Ambanja, rainforest, 150 m, -13.46444°, 48.55166°, Dec. 08, 2004, B.L. Fisher, 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 35272); Forêt Analabe, 30.0 km 72° ENE Daraina, littoral forest, 30 m, 13.08333°S, 49.90833°E, Nov. 27, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 2♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3552); 11 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3852); Forêt Bekaraoka, 6.8 km 60° ENE Daraina, tropical dry forest, 150 m, 13.00277°S, 49.01166°E, Dec. 07, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3576); Forêt d'Antsahabe, 11.4 km 275° W Daraina, tropical dry forest, 550 m, 13.00333°S, 49.00916°E, Dec. 12, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3897); Forêt d'Orangea, 3.6 km 128° SE Ramena, remnant dry forest, 90 m, 12.25888°S, 49.37472°E, Feb. 22–28, 2001, L.J. Boutin, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3922); Forêt d'Orangea, 3.6 km 128° SE Ramena, littoral rainforest, 90 m, 12.25888°S, 49.37472°E, Feb. 22–28, 2007, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3327); 35 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3880); 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3929); Forêt di'Andavakoera, 21.4 km 356° N Betsiaka, rainforest, 452 m, 13.11833°S, 49.23000°E, Dec. 15, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3152); Reserve Speciale Manogarivo, 20.4 km SW Antanambao, montane rainforest, 1860 m, 14.04533°S, 48.41000°E, Nov. 03, 1998, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 10 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36379); Reserve Analamerana, 28.4 km SW from Anivorano Nord, tropical dry forest, 60 m, 12.74666°S, 49.49472°E, Dec. 05, 2004, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 35267); Reserve Speciale d'Ambre, 3.5 km 235° SW Sakaramy, tropical dry forest, 325 m, S12.46888°, E49.24222°, Jan. 26–31, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 5 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3265); 3 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3338); 4 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36375); Reserve Speciale Manongarivo: 10.8 km 229° SW Antanambao, rainforest, 400 m, 13.96166°S, 48.43333°E, Nov. 08, 1998, B.L. Fisher, 37 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36393); 48 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36377); Reserve Speciale Manongarivo: 14.5 km 220° SW Antanambao, rainforest, 1175 m, 13.99833°S, 48.42833°E, Oct. 20, 1998, B.L. Fisher, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3296); 93 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 2001); Reserve Speciale Manongarivo: 17.3 km 218° SW Antanamabo, rainforest, 1580 m, 14.02166°S, 48.41833°E, Oct. 27, 1998, B.L. Fisher, 12 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3237); 36 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36391). Mahajanga: Parc National Tsingy de Bemaraha, 2.5 km 62° ENE Bekopaka, Ankidrodroa River, tropical dry forest, 100 m, 19.13222°S, 44.81472°E, Nov. 11–15, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3253). Toamasina: Forêt Clasée Andriantately, rainforest, 530 m, 8.69500°S, 48.81333°E, Dec. 04–07, 1998, H.J. Ratsirarson, 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3252); Forêt Clasée Didy, montane rainforest, 960 m, 18.19833°S, 48.57833°E, Dec. 16–23, 1998, H.J. Ratsirarson, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3240); Ile Sainte Marie, Forêt Kalalao, 9.9 km 34° NW Ambodifotatra, rainforest, 100 m, 16.92250°S, 49.88722°E, Nov. 24–27, 2005, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3572); Masoala Peninsula, 5.3 km SSE Ambanizana, Andranobe, rainforest, 15.66666°S, 49.96666E, Nov. 21, 1993, B.L. Fisher, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3969); 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3970); 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3971); 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3972); 2♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3973); Masoala Peninsula, 5.3 km SSE Ambanizana, Andranobe, rainforest, 15.66666°S, 49.96666°E, Nov. 19, 1993, B.L. Fisher, 1 ♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3975); Montagne d'Anjanaharibe, 19.5 km 27° NNE Ambinanitelo, montane rainforest, 1100 m, 15.17833°S, 49.63500°E, Mar. 12–16, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3530); Parcelle K9 Tampolo, littoral forest, 10 m, 17.17500°S, 49.26805°E, Apr. 19, 2004, Malagasy ant team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3862); Presquile de Masoala: 6.3 km S Ambanizana, Andranobe, rainforest, 25 m, 15.68333°S, 49.95000°E, Nov. 14, 1993, B.L. Fisher, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3974); Reserve Betampona, Camp Vohitsivalana, 37.1 km from Tomasina, rainforest, 520 m, 17.88666°S, 49.20250E°, Dec. 01–03, 2005, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_ OON 3864); Tamatave, 6.3 km S Ambanizona, Andranobe Field Station, littoral rainforest, 25 m, 15.68333°S, 49.95000°E, Nov. 13, 1993, B.L. Fisher, 1♀ (FMNH PBI_OON 10255).

TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype from Berlese sample of sifted leaf litter of a tropical dry forest at an elevation of 375 m at Forêt de Binara, 7.5 km 230° SW Darania, 13°15′18″S, 49°37′E, Antsiranana Province (1 December 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) deposited in CASC (PBI_OON 00036159). The species epithet, a noun in apposition, is taken from the Malagasy word for the Coquerel's dwarf lemur.

DIAGNOSIS: N. tsiba can be differentiated from other Noideattella species by the following combination of characters: habitus color pale orange; abdomen dorsal surface with a pair of dark marks posteriorly (figs. 141, 143); carapace pars cephalica and sides strongly granulate (figs. 159, 161); sternum furrows with row of large pits, surface coarsely reticulate, microsculpture (visible best with light microscopy) medially and in furrows (figs. 145, 162); book lung covers small, and ovoid (figs. 142, 143); color of legs homogeneous.

DESCRIPTION: Male (PBI_OON 0003545): Total length 1.4. Cephalothorax: Carapace pale orange. Sternum longer than wide, pale orange, anterior margin with continuous transverse groove (figs. 160, 162). Mouthparts: Chelicerae, endites, and labium pale orange. Paturon inner margin with scattered setae and without modified seta (fig. 147). Abdomen: Ovoid. Dorsal scutum pale orange, middle surface smooth, sides smooth. Postepigastric scutum pale orange, long, semicircular, covering nearly full length of abdomen (figs. 141–143). Male genital opening slightly protruded, epigastric scutum apodemes small, separated from the anterior book lung opening and connected by a shallow furrow. Posterior spiracles connected by a groove (fig. 155). Legs: Yellow, without color pattern. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: I p2-1-1; r2-1-1; II p1-1-1; r1-1-1; IV p0-0-1; metatarsi: I, II p1-1-0; r1-1-0. Tarsi I to IV superior claw teeth not examined in detail. Genitalia: Epigastric region with sperm pore situated at level of anterior spiracles (fig. 155). Palp proximal segments yellow; cymbium yellow, with distal patch of setae; bulb yellow (figs. 146, 148). Embolus dorsal lamella with one large apophysis (fig. 164), ventral lamella with two apophyses (fig. 163). Palp as in figures 163 to 165. Female (PBI_OON 0003545): Total length 1.6. As in male except as noted. Legs: Metatarsi III and IV without weak ventral scopula. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: I, II p2-1-1; r2-1-1; IV p0-01; metatarsi: I, II p1-1-0; r1-1-0. Trichobothria of metatarsus: I one, IV one. Tarsal organ with three sensilla visible. Genitalia: Genital opening slit shaped (fig. 156). GAp process shaped as a twisted tube. Sperm sac secretory gland openings flat, extending less than half the receptaculum length and concentrated in the center (figs. 151–153). Genitalia as in figures 149 and 150. VARIATION: Leg I tibia spine numbers vary among specimens from four to three on both sides.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: N = 218. Madagascar: Antsiranana: 7.2 km 142° SE Antsiranana (=Diego Suarez), Montagne des Francais, 180 m, 12.53796°S, 49.56361°E, Feb. 23–25, 2001, L.J. Boutin, 2 mixed (CASC PBI_ OON 3849); Ambondrobe, 41.1 km from Vohemar, littoral forest, 10 m, 13.71527°S, 50.10166°E, Nov. 29, 2004, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 27 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 35298); Forêt Bekaraoka, 6.8 km 60° ENE Daraina, tropical dry forest, 150 m, 13.00277°S, 49.01166°E, Dec. 07, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 25 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3578); 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3848); Forêt d'Ampondrabe, 26.3 km 10° NNE Daraina, tropical dry forest, 175 m, 12.97000°S, 49.70000°E, Dec. 10, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 11 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3545); Forêt d'Ampombofofo, littoral forest, 25 m, 12.09944°S, 49.33861°E, Nov. 21–22, 2007, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 3♂ (CASC PBI_OON 36099); Forêt d'Analabe, 30.0 km 72° ENE Daraina, littoral forest, 30 m, 13.08333°S, 49.90833°E, Nov. 27, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3837); Forêt d'Antsahabe, 11.4 km 275° W Daraina, tropical dry forest, 550 m, 13.00333°S, 49.00916°E, Dec. 12, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3312); Forêt d'Orangea, 3.6 km 128° SE Ramena, littoral forest, 90 m, 12.25888°S, 49.37472°E, Feb. 22–28, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 49 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 2015); 2♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3236); 5♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3271); 3 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3290); Forêt de Binara, 7.5 km 230° SW Daraina, tropical dry forest, 375 m, 13.25500°S, 49.61666°E, Dec. 01, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3566); 9 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3574); 1 ♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3560); Montagne des Français, 7.2 km 142° SE Antsiranana (= Diego Suarez), tropical dry forest, 180 m, 12.32277°S, 49.33805°E, Feb. 22–28, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 4 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3254); 4 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36271); Reserve Analamerana, 16.7 km 123° SW Anivorano Nord, tropical dry forest, 225 m, S12.67138°, E49.37388°, Dec. 03, 2004, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 5 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 35277); Reserve Speciale de l'Ankarana, 22.9 km 224° SW Anivorano Nord, tropical dry forest, 80 m, S12.90888°, E49.10972°, Feb. 10–16, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 12 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3255); 3 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3258); Reserve Speciale l'Ankarana, 13.6 km 192° SSW Anivorano Nord, tropical dry forest, 210 m, S12.86361°, E49.22583°, Feb. 16–20, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 13 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3267); 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3840); Reserve Speciale l'Ankarana, 22.9 km 224° SW Anivorano Nord, Camp Anglaise, 80 m, S12.90888°, 49.10972°, Feb. 10–16, 2001 L.J. Boutin, 4♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3845). Toliara: Parc National d'Andohahela, Forêt de Manantalinjo, 33.6 km 63° ENE Amboasary, 7.6 km 99° E Hazofotsy, spiny forest thicket, 150 m, S24.81694°, E46.61000°, Jan. 12–16, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3272).

TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype from Berlese sample of sifted leaf litter of a montane rainforest at an elevation of 900 m at Parc National d'Andohahela, Col du 36.7 km 341° NNW Tolagnaro 24°45′50″S, 46°45′6″E, Toliara (21 to 25 January 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) deposited in CASC (PBI_OON 00036160). The species epithet, a noun in apposition, is taken from the Malagasy word for crocodile.

DIAGNOSIS: N. mamba can be differentiated from other Noideattella species by the following combination of characters: habitus orange-brown to pale orange; book lung covers large and ovoid (figs. 172, 173); sternum microsculpture finely reticulate, distributed medially and in furrows (figs. 175, 189, 190); carapace pars cephalica sides granulate (fig. 196), granulation of elevated portion varies (figs. 174, 187, 188).

DESCRIPTION: Male (PBI_OON 0003259): Total length 1.8. Cephalothorax: Carapace orange-brown. Sternum longer than wide, orange-brown, furrow with rows of small pits, anterior margin with interrupted transverse groove (figs. 175, 185, 189, 190). Mouthparts: Chelicerae, endites, and labium orange-brown. Cheliceral paturon inner margin setae thickness varies among specimens (figs. 177, 191–193). Abdomen: Ovoid. Dorsal scutum orange-brown, middle surface smooth, sides smooth, abdomen dorsal scutum color varies from orange-brown to pale orange. Abdominal scuta color varies from orange-brown to pale orange. Postepigastric scutum orange-brown, long, semicircular, covering nearly full length of abdomen (figs. 171– 173). Male genital opening slightly protruded, epigastric scutum apodemes large, contiguous with the anterior book lung opening and connected by a furrow. Posterior spiracles connected by a groove (fig. 183). Legs: Pale orange, without color pattern. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: I p2-1-1; r1-1-1; II p1-1-1; r1-1-1; IV p0-0-1; metatarsi: I, II p1-1-0; r1-1-0. Leg IV: legs I and II tibial spines as twice as large leg IV tibial spines. Genitalia: Epigastric region with sperm pore situated in front of anterior spiracles (fig. 183). Palp proximal segments pale orange; cymbium pale orange, without distal patch of setae; bulb pale orange (figs. 176, 178). Embolus dorsal lamella with one distal apophysis (fig. 199), ventral lamella bifurcated (fig. 200). Palp as in figures 194 and 197–200. Female (PBI_OON 0003251): Total length 2.1. As in male except as noted. Legs: Metatarsi III and IV weak ventral scopula absent. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: I, II p2-1-1; r2-1-1; IV p0-0-1; metatarsi: I, II p1-1-0; r1-1-0. Trichobothria of metatarsus: I and IV one. Tarsal organ with two sensilla visible. Genitalia: Genital opening slit shaped (fig. 184). Sperm sac secretory gland openings flat, extending less than half receptaculum length and concentrated in the center. GAp process shaped as a twisted tube (figs. 181, 182). Genitalia as in figures 179 and 180.

VARIATION: Carapace pars cephalica microsculpture varies from strongly granulate to smooth in the elevated portion of the carapace in both sexes; the sides are always moderately granulate (figs. 174, 187, 188). Some specimens lack modified setae over the paturon inner margin, whüe other specimens have a brush of these setae concentrated in the middle (figs. 177, 191–193). The spine number in legs I and II of both sexes varies widely among specimens: most have four spines on the prolateral surface and three on the retrolateral, but some specimens have only one or none.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: N = 120. Madagascar: Antananarivo: 3 km 41° NE Andranomay, 11.5 km 147° SSE Anjozorobe, montane rainforest, 1300 m, S18.47333°, E47.96000°, Dec. 05–13, 2000, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 3♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3943); 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3944); Ambohimanga, 1400 m, S18.73333°, E47.56666°, Nov. 02, 1993, C. Griswold, S. Larcher, N. Scharff, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3948); 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 36236); Reserve Speciale d'Ambohitantely, Forêt d'Ambohitantely, forest fragment, ca. 20 km NE d'Ankazobe, montane rainforest, 1638 m, S18.20805°, E47.28555°, Mar. 20, 2003, D. Andriamalala, D. Suva, et al., 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3291); 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3542); Reserve Speciale d'Ambohitantely, Forêt d'Ambohitantely, 20.9 km 72° NE d'Ankazobe, montane rainforest, 1410 m, S18.22527°, E47.28694°, Apr. 17–22, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 3 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3259); Reserve Speciale d'Ambohitantely, Forêt d'Ambohitantely, 24.1 km 59° NE d'Ankazobe, montane rainforest, 1620 m, S18.00277°, E47.00444°, Apr. 17–22, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3940). Antsiranana: 7 km N Joffreville, dry forest, 360 m, S12.33333°, E49.25000°, Mar. 06–20, 2001, R. Harin'Hala, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3961); Ampasindava, Forêt d'Ambilanivy, 3.9 km 181° S Ambaliha, rainforest, 600 m, S13.79861°, E48.16166°, Mar. 04–09, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3269); Marojejy Reserve, 8.4 km NNW Manantenina, 700 m, S14.43333°, E49.75000°, Nov. 10–16, 1993, J. Coddington, S. Larcher, C. Griswold, R. Andriamasimanana, N. Scharff, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3476); Parc National de Marojejy, 25.4 km 30° NNE Andapa, 10.9 km 311° NW Manantenina, montane shrubland, 2000 m, S14.44500°, E49.73500°, Nov. 23, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36241); Reserve Speciale d'Anjanaharibe, Sud, 12.2 km WSW Befingotra, montane rainforest, 1985 m, S14.00694°, E49.00722°, Nov. 25, 1994, B.L. Fisher, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3249); 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3251); 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3288); 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3976); 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36242); Reserve Speciale Manongarivo: 10.8 km 229° SW Antanambao, rainforest, 400 m, S13.96166°, E48.43333°, Nov. 08, 1998, B.L. Fisher, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 36140). Fianarantsoa: 3.62 km ENE Ranomafana, P.N. Ranomafana, Vohiparara, 1137 m, S21.24130°, E47.40147°, Jan. 13, 2009. D. Andriamalala, C. Griswold, G. Hormiga, A. Saucedo, N. Scharff, H. Wood, 9 mixed (GWU PBI_OON 35150); 7 km W Ranomafana, 1100 m, S21.12°, E47.27°, Nov. 1–7, 1988, W.E. Steiner, 3♀ (USNM 2046648 PBI_OON 27911); Oct. 22–31, 1988; 2♂ (USNM 2046648 PBI_OON 27910); Feb. 1–9, 1990, WE. Steiner, 1♂ (USNM 2046648 PBI_OON 27913); Feb. 1–9, 1990, W.E. Steiner, 1♂ (USNM 2046648 PBI_OON 27912); 8.0 km NE Ivohibe, forest, 1200 m, S22.42100°, E46.89600°, Nov. 03–09, 1997, B.L. Fisher, 2♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3982); Forêt de Vevembe, 66.6 km 293° WNW Farafangana, rainforest to montane transition, 600 m, S22.01305°, E47.00277°, Apr. 26, 2006, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 3 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3445); Isalo National Park, S22.62277°, E45.36527°, May 23–26, 1992, V. Roth, 1♀ (MCZ 53662 PBI_OON 28198); P.N. Ranomafana, 2.3 km N Vohiparara, 1100 m, S21.21330°, E47.38300°, Apr. 28, 1998, C. Griswold, D. Ubick, 3 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3984); 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3985); P.N. Ranomafana, 2.3 km N Vohiparara, 1100 m, S21.21330°, E47.38300°, Apr. 18, 1998, C. Griswold, D.H. Kavanaugh, N.D. Penny, M.J. Raherilalao, E. Rajeriarison, J.S. Ranorianarisoa, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3990); Parc Nationale Ranomafana: road side vegetation near park entrance, 800 m, S21.23833°, E47.43333°, Apr. 22, 1998, C. Griswold, D.H. Kavanaugh, N.D. Penny, M.J. Raherilalao, E. Rajeriarison, J.S. Ranorianarisoa, 3 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3987); Parc Nationale Ranomafana: Talatakely, S21.24833°, E47.42666°, Apr. 19–30, C. Griswold, D. Ubick, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3986); Parc Nationale Ranomafana, Talatakely, S21.24833°, E47.42666°, Apr. 19–30, 1998, C. Griswold, D.H. Kavanaugh, N.D. Penny, M.J. Raherilalao, E. Rajeriarison, J.S. Ranorianarisoa, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3989); Parc Nationale Ranomafana: Talatakely, Trail F, 940 m, S21.26333°, E47.42000°, Nov. 01–21, 1998, V. Lee, K. Ribardo, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3983); Parc Nationale Ranomafana, Vohiparara, Piste Touristique, 1000 m, S21.22666°, E47.40000°, Apr. 12–14, 1998, C. Griswold, D.H. Kavanaugh, N.D. Penny, M.J. Raherilalao, E. Rajeriarison, J.S. Ranorianarisoa, 1 ♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3988); Ranomafana N.P., Maharira trail, Apr. 10, 1992, Emile (Kariko-Roth Coll.), 2♂ (MCZ 53654 PBI_OON 28197). Mahajanga: Reserve Speciale de Bemarivo, 23.8 km 223° SW Besalampy, tropical dry forest, 30 m, S16.92500°, E44.36833°, Nov. 19–23, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3540). Majunga: Reserve forestiere Beanka, 50.2 km E Maintirano, tropical dry forest on tsingy, 250 m, S18.02638°, E44.05055°, Oct. 19–22, 2009, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 36119); Beanana forêt annual, 500m, 1–31 Dec. 1946, 1♂ (MNHN PBI_OON 36136); C. Mandraka (battage), Dec. 1–31 1946. J. Millot, 1♀ (MNHN PBI_OON 36280); 1♀ (MNHN PBI_OON 3540); Forêt Analamazaotra Perinet, Dec. 1–31, 1962, Mission Bauchot, 1♀ (MNHN PBI_OON 36277); Forêt Dioy, Dec., 4♀ (MNHN PBI_OON 36138); Lokobe IX Ravenala, Dec., 1♀ (MNHN PBI_OON 36276); Valle de la Besanetribe, 1200m, Dec. 05–09, 1963, P.V., 1♀ (MNHN PBI_OON 36275); N.O. Mahilara (battage), Dec. 1–31, 1946, J. Millot, 2♀ (MNHN PBI_OON 36279); Tampolo (battage), Dec., 1♂ (MNHN PBI_OON 36137); Tsiafajavona (Sasns Pierre), 2500 m, Dec. 1–31, 1946, J. Millot, 1♂ (MNHN PBI_OON 36135); Tsiafajavona (Sasns Pierre), 2500 m, June 1–30, 1947, 2 mixed (MNHN PBI_OON 36278); Vohibe, July 1–31, 1970, Lambillon A., 2 mixed (MRAC MT.142.763 PBI_OON 8000). Toamasina: Ile Sainte Marie, Forêt Ambohidena, 22.8 km 44° NW Ambodifotatra, littoral forest, 20 m, S16.82444°, E49.96416°, Nov. 21–24, 2005, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3571); Pare National Masoala, Ambohitsitondroina, Mt, Ambanizana, rainforest, 650 m, S15.58166°, 50.00333°, Feb. 26–Mar. 06, 2003, D. Andriamalala, D. Silva, et al., 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3292); Tamatave, Foulpointe, Forêt sur argile, S17.68720°, E49.51530°, July 01–31, 1994, A. Pauly, 3 mixed (MRAC MT. 205. 595 PBI_OON 7997); 1♀ (MRAC MT. 205. 632 PBI_OON 8014); 1♂ (MRAC MT. 205. 743 PBI_OON 8020); 3 mixed (MRAC MT. 205. 559 PBI_OON 8023). Toliara: 2.7 km 302° WNW Ste. Luce, littoral rainforest, 20 m, S24.77166°, E47.17166°, Dec. 09–11, 1998, B.L. Fisher, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 36238); 2.7 km 302° WNW Ste. Luce, littoral rainforest, 20 m, S24.77166°, E47.17166°, Dec. 09–11, 1998, B.L. Fisher, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 36382); Betioky (Forêt), Mar. 01–30, 1961, E. Ramahana, 1♂ (MRAC MT. 142. 975 PBI_OON 8002); Bohibasia Forest, 59 km NE Sakaraha, tropical dry forest, 780 m, S22.46666°, E41.83333°, Jan. 13, 1996, B.L. Fisher, 1♀ (CASC PBI_ OON 36269); Forêt de Beroboka, 5.9 km 131° SE Ankidranoka, tropical dry forest, 80 m, S22.23305°, E43.36638°, Mar. 12–16, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 36240); Forêt de Petriky, 12.5 km W Tolagnaro, littoral forest, 10 m, S25.06216°, E46.86933°, Nov. 22, 1998, Sylvian, B.L. Fisher, 3♂ (CASC PBI_OON 2012); Manderano, gallery forest, 75 m, S23.52416°, E44.09277°, May 10, 2002, Frontier Project, 3♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3305); Parc National d'Andohahela, 36.7 km 341° NNW Tolagnaro, montane rainforest, 900 m, S24.76388°, E46.75166°, Jan. 21–25, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3529); Parc National d'Andohahela, Forêt de Manantalinjo, 33.6 km 63° ENE Amboasary, 7.6 km 99° E Hazofotsy, spiny forest thicket, 150 m, S24.81694°, E46.61000°, Jan. 12–16, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 2♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3235); Pare National de Kirindy Mite, 16.3 km 127° SE Belo sur Mer, tropical dry forest, 80 m, S20.79527°, E44.14694°, Dec. 06–10, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1 ♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3277); Reserve Speciale de Cap Sainte Marie, 12.3 km 262° W Marovato, spiny forest thicket, 200 m, S25.58166°, E45.16833°, Feb. 11–15, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3308); Reserve Integrale Naturelle d'Andohahela, parcel 1, 13.5 km NW Eminiminy, 1200 m, S24.58333°, E46.73500°, Nov. 07–17, 1995, S. Goodman, 1♂ (FMNH FMNH-INS 0000 033 741 PBI_OON 10243); Reserve Integrale Naturelle d'Andohahela, parcel 1, 15.0 km NW Eminiminy, 1500 m, S24.57000°, E46.73166°, Nov. 17–27, 1995, S. Goodman, 3 mixed (FMNH PBI_OON 10250); Reserve Integrale Naturelle d'Andohahela, parcel 1, 20.0 km SE Andranondambo, 1857 m, S24.56166°, E46.72166°, Nov. 27–Dec. 05, 1995, S. Goodman, 1♂ (FMNH PBI_OON 10246); S.F. Mandena, 8.4 km NNE Tolagnaro, littoral forest, 20 m, S24.95233°, E47.00100°, Nov. 20, 1998, B.L. Fisher, 3 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36237); Sept Lacs, gallery forest, 80 m, S23.52833°, E44.15555°, Mar. 08, 2002, Frontier Project, 3 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36239); Southern Isoky-Vohimena Forest, tropical dry forest, 730 m, S22.68333°, E44.83333°, Jan. 21, 1996, Sylvian, B.L. Fisher, 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3349); Nosey Mangabe, Feb. 20, 1990, G. Alpert, 1♀ (MCZ 53666 PBI_OON 28199).

TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype from Berlese sample of sifted leaf litter of a littoral rainforest at an elevation of 30 m at Forêt Analabe, 30.0 km 72° ENE Daraina, 13°5′S 49°54′30″E, Antsiranana (27 November 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) deposited in CASC (PBI_OON 00036161). The species epithet, a noun in apposition, is taken from the Malagasy word for earth, soil, land, or country.

DIAGNOSIS: N. tany can be differentiated from other Noideattella species by the following combination of characters: habitus pale orange; abdomen cylindrical, rounded posteriorly; postepigastric scutum pale orange, long narrow rectangle; carapace surface only slightly elevated and sides granulate (figs. 201, 202); ocular area narrow, slightly higher than the clypeus height (fig. 207); embolus dorsal lamella curved (figs. 227, 228); book lung covers large and ovoid; male paturon anterior surface with gland openings (visible only with SEM) (figs. 221–223).

DESCRIPTION: Male (PBI_OON 0003563): Total length 1.4. Cephalothorax: Carapace pale orange. Sternum longer than wide, pale orange, anterior margin with continuous transverse groove, furrows with rows of large pits, microsculpture medially (observed better with SEM) (figs. 205, 219, 220). Mouthparts: Chelicerae, endites, and labium pale orange. Cheliceral paturon inner margins lack modified setae. Sternum anterior margin with interrupted transverse groove (fig. 216). Abdomen: Dorsal scutum pale orange, middle surface reticulate, sides reticulate. Male genital opening slightly protruded, epigastric scutum apodemes small, separated from the anterior book lung opening and not connected by a furrow. Posterior spiracles connected by a groove (fig. 212). Legs: Pale orange, without color pattern. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: I, II p2-1-1; r1-1-1; IV p0-0-1; metatarsi: I, II p1-1-0; r1-1-0. Tarsal organ with two sensilla visible. Genitalia: Palp proximal segments pale orange; cymbium pale orange, with distal patch of setae; bulb pale orange (figs. 206, 208). Embolus dorsal lamella with one distal apophysis, bifurcate at the apex (fig. 229), ventral lamella with at least three apophyses (fig. 230). Palp as in figures 224, 225, 227–230. Female (PBI_OON 0003563): Total length 1.7. As in male except as noted. Legs: Tibia I Emerit's glands absent, metatarsi III and IV weak ventral scopula absent. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: I, II p2-1-1; r1-1-1; IV p0-0-1; metatarsi: I, II p1-1-0; r1-1-0. Trichobothria of metatarsus: I one, IV one. Genitalia: Epigastric region with sperm pore situated at level of anterior spiracles (fig. 212). Genital opening slit shaped (fig. 211). Sperm sac secretory glands openings flat, extending all over the receptaculum posterior surface. GAp process shaped as a twisted tube (figs. 213, 214). Genitalia as in figures 209 and 210.

VARIATION: Male paturon lacks modified setae; however, some specimens have two long and thick setae at the apex of the paturon (figs. 221–223). The extension of the carapace surface texture varies from all over the cephalothorax to only at the sides. Sternum furrows can have either rows of large pits or reticulate microsculpture, and sternum also varies medially from finely reticulated to smooth. In some specimens the eyes are slightly reduced.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: N = 61. Madagascar: Antsiranana: Forêt Bekaraoka, 6.8 km 60° ENE Daraina, tropical dry forest, 150 m, S13.00277°, E49.01166°, Dec. 07, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 20 (CASC PBI_OON 3577); Forêt d'Ampondrabe, 26.3 km 10° NNE Daraina, tropical dry forest, 175 m, S12.97000°, E49.70000°, Dec. 10, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 2♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3582); Forêt d'Analabe, 30.0 km 72° ENE Daraina, littoral forest, 30 m, S13.08333°, E49.90833°, Nov. 27, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 12 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3563); Forêt d'Antsahabe, 11.4 km 275° W Daraina, tropical dry forest, 550 m, S13.00333°, E49.00916°, Dec. 12, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 3 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3559); Forêt d'Orangea, 3.6 km 128° SE Ramena, remnant dry forest, 90 m, S12.25888°, E49.37472°, Feb. 22–28, 2001, L.J. Boutin, 12 (CASC PBI_OON 3922); Forêt de Binara, 9.4 km 235° SW Daraina, montane rainforest, 1100 m, S13.26333°, N49.60000°, Dec. 5, 2003, B.L. Fisher, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3548); Reserve Speciale Manongarivo: 10.8 km 229° SW Antanambao, rainforest, 400 m, S13.96166°, E48.43333°, Nov. 08, 1998, B.L. Fisher, 18 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36390); Reserve Speciale Manongarivo: 12.8 km 228° SW Antanambao, montane rainforest, 780 m, S13.97666°, E48.42333°, Oct. 11, 1998, B.L. Fisher, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 36141); 10 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36246); Reserve Speciale Manongarivo: 14.5 km 220° SW Antanambao, rainforest, 1175 m, S13.99833°, E48.42833°, Oct. 20, 1998, B.L. Fisher, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3296). Mahajanga: Parc National de Namoroka, 16.9 km 317° NW Vilanandro, tropical dry forest, 100 m, S16.40666°, E45.31000°, Nov. 12–16, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3296); 5♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3567); 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 36139); Reserve Speciale de Bemarivo, 23.8 km 223° SW Besalampy, tropical dry forest, 30m, S16.92500°, N44.36833°, Nov. 19–23, 2002, Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3541). Toamasina: Montagne d'Anjanaharibe, 18.0 km 21° NNE Ambinanitelo, rainforest, 470 m, S15.18833°, N49.61500°, Mar. 8–12, 2003, C. Griswold, B. Fisher, et al., 1♂ (CASC PBI_ OON 3947); 1 ♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3955); Sahafina forest 11.4 km W Brickaville, rainforest, 140 m, S18.81444°, N48.96194°, Dec. 13–14, 2007, B.L. Fisher et al., 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 36290).

TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype from Berlese and sifted leaf litter of a spiny forest/thicket at an elevation of 150 m at Parc National d'Andohahela, Forêt de Manantalinjo, 33.6 km 63° ENE Amboasary, 7.6 km 99° E Hazofotsy, 24°49′1″S 46° 36′36″E, Toliara Province, 12–16 January 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, deposited in CASC (PBI_ OON 00036162). The species epithet, a noun in apposition, is taken from the Malagasy word for falling star.

DIAGNOSIS: N. fantara can be differentiated from other Noideattella species by the following combination of characters: habitus pale orange; carapace surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica and sides granulate (figs. 245, 246); sternum surface finely reticulate, without pits and microsculpture only in furrows (figs. 235, 243, 244); male cheliceral paturon inner margin with brush of modified setae (figs. 247–249); abdomen cylindrical, book lung covers small and round, epigastric scutum length about at half of the abdomen (figs. 232, 233).

DESCRIPTION: Male: Total length 1.4. Cephalothorax: Carapace pale orange. Sternum longer than wide, pale orange, anterior margin with interrupted transverse groove. Mouthparts: Chelicerae, endites, and labium pale orange. Sternum anterior margin with interrupted transverse groove (fig. 242). Abdomen: Dorsal scutum pale orange, middle surface and sides reticulate. Postepigastric scutum pale orange, long, semicircular, covering nearly full length of abdominal length. Male genital opening slightly protruded, epigastric scutum apodemes small, separated from the anterior book lung opening and not connected by a furrow. Posterior spiracles connected by a groove (fig. 241). Legs: Yellow, without color pattern. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: I, II p1-1-1; r1-1-1; IV p0-0-1; metatarsi: I, II p1-1-0; r1-1-0. Tarsi I to IV superior claw teeth not examined in detail. Tarsal organ with two sensilla visible. Genitalia: Epigastric region with sperm pore situated at level of anterior spiracles (fig. 241). Palp proximal segments yellow; cymbium yellow, with distal patch of setae; bulb yellow (figs. 236, 238). Embolus dorsal lamella with at least two distal apophyses, ventral lamella with at least three apophyses (figs. 253–256). Palp as in figures 250–252. Female (PBI_OON 0003270): Total length 1.8. As in male except as noted. Legs: Metatarsi III and IV weak ventral scopula absent. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: I, II p1-1-1; r1-1-1; IV p0-0-1; metatarsi: I, II p1-1-0; r1-1-0. Genitalia as in figures 239 and 240.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: N = 33. Madagascar: Antananarivo: Reserve Speciale d'Ambohitantely, Forêt d'Ambohitantely, 24.1 km 59° NE d'Ankazobe, montane rainforest, 1620 m, S18.00277°, E47.00444°, Apr. 17–22, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3980). Antsiranana: Reserve Speciale d'Anjajaharibe, Sud: 12.2 km WSW Befingotra, montane rainforest, 1985 m, S14.00694°, E49.00722°, Nov. 25, 1994, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3918); Reserve Speciale l'Ankarana, 13 km 192° SSW Anivorano Nord, tropical dry forest, 210 m, S12.86361°, E49.22583°, Feb. 16–21, 2001, FisherGriswold Arthropod Team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3270). Toliara: Parc National d'Andohahela, Forêt de Manantalinjo, 33.6 km 63° ENE Amboasary, 7.6 km 99° E Hazofotsy, spiny forest thicket, 150 m, S24.81694°, E46.61000°, Jan. 12–16, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 11♂ (CASC PBI_OON 36386); Parc National de Tsimanampetsotsa, Forêt de Bemanateza, 20.7 km 81° E Efoetse, 23.0 km 131° SE Beheloka, spiny forest thicket, 90 m, S23.99222°, E43.88055°, Mar. 22–26, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36245); Reserve Speciale de Cap Sainte Marie, 12.3 km 262° W Marovato, spiny forest thicket, 200 m, S25.58166°, E45.16833°, Feb. 11–15, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 13ü (CASC PBI_OON 3342); Reserve Speciale de Cap Sainte Marie, 14.9 km 261° W Marovato, spiny forest thicket, 160 m, S25.59444°, E45.14694°, Feb. 13–19, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 2♂ (CASC PBI_OON 36374).

TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype from Berlese and sifted leaf litter of a tropical dry forest at an elevation of 325 m at Reserve Speciale d'Ambre, 3.5 km 235° SW Sakaramy, 12°28′8″S, 49°14′32″E, Antsiranana Province, 26–31 January 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, deposited in CASC (PBI_OON 00003275). The species epithet, a noun in apposition, is taken from the Malagasy word for a dugout canoe or any small boat.

DIAGNOSIS: N. lakana can be differentiated from other Noideattella species by the following combination of characters: habitus color dark red-brown, body length 2.1 to 2.4 mm; carapace surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica strongly granulate, sides granulate (figs. 260, 275, 276); sternum furrows with row of large pits, surface coarsely reticulate, with microsculpture medially and in furrows (fig. 277); book lung covers large and elliptical (figs. 258, 259).

DESCRIPTION: Male (PBI_OON 0003462): Total length 2.1. Cephalothorax: Carapace dark red-brown, sternum longer than wide, dark red-brown, anterior margin with continuous transverse groove (fig. 273). Mouthparts: Chelicerae, endites, and labium dark red-brown, paturon inner margin with scattered setae (fig. 263). Abdomen: Ovoid. Book lung covers large, elliptical. Dorsal scutum dark red-brown, middle surface smooth, sides smooth. Postepigastric scutum orange-brown, long, semicircular. Male genital opening slightly protruded, epigastric scutum apodemes small, separated from the anterior book lung opening and connected by a furrow. Posterior spiracles connected by a groove (fig. 268). Legs: Orange-brown, without color pattern. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: I, II p3-1-1; r2-1-1; IV p0-0-1; metatarsi: I, II p1-1-0; r1-1-0. Tarsal organ with two sensilla visible. Genitalia: Epigastric region with sperm pore situated at level of anterior spiracles (fig. 268). Palp proximal segments pale orange; cymbium pale orange, with distal patch of setae; bulb pale orange (figs. 262, 264). Embolus dorsal and ventral lamellae with at least three distal apophyses each (figs. 281–284). Palp as in figures 279 and 280. Female (PBI_ OON 0003462): Total length 2.4. As in male except as noted. Legs: Metatarsi III and IV weak ventral scopula absent. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: I, II p3-1-1; r3-1-1; IV p0-0-1; metatarsi: I, II p1-1-0; r1-1-0. Trichobothria of metatarsus: I and IV one. Genitalia: Genital opening slit shaped (fig. 267). Sperm sac secretory glands openings flat, extending all over the receptaculum posterior surface. GAp process shaped as a twisted tube (figs. 269–271). Genitalia as in figures 265 and 266.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: N = 86. Madagascar: Antananarivo: 3 km 41° NE Andranomay, 11.5 km 147° SSE Anjozorobe, montane rainforest, 1300 m, S18.47333°, E47.96000°, Dec. 05–13, 2000, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1 2 (CASC PBI_OON 3941). Antsiranana: 7.2 km 142° SE Antsiranana (=Diego Suarez), Montagne des Francais, 180 m, S12.53796°, E49.56361°, Feb. 23–25, 2001, L.J. Boutin, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3921); Forêt de Binara, 9.4 km 235° SW Daraina, montane rainforest, 1100 m, S13.26333°, E49.60000°, Dec. 05, 2003, B.L. Fisher, 5 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3153); P.N. Montagne d'Ambre, 2.79 air km NE of park entrance forest, 1000 m, S12.53333°, E49.16666°, Nov. 21–30, 1993, J. Coddington, S. Larcher, C. Griswold, R. Andriamasimanana, N. Scharff, 1 ♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3460); 12 mixed (ZMUC PBI_OON 3462); 5 mixed (CASC PBI_ OON 3463); 5 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3465); 2♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3468); 2♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3473); 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3474); 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3475); 15 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3477); 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36378); 5 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36380); 13 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36389); 6 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36392); Parc National Montagne d'Ambre, 3.6 km 235° SW Joffreville, montane rainforest, 925 m, S12.53444°, E49.17944°, Jan. 20–26, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 4 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36376); Reserve Speciale d'Ambre, 3.5 km 235° SW Sakaramy, tropical dry forest, 325 m, S12.46888°, E49.24222°, Jan. 26–31, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3359); Reserve Speciale de l'Ankarana, 22.9 km 224° SW Anivorano Nord, tropical dry forest, 80 m, S12.90888°, E49.10972°, Feb. 10–16, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3172); Reserve Speciale l'Ankarana, 13.6 km 192° SSW Anivorano Nord, tropical dry forest, 210 m, S12.86361°, E49.22583°, Feb. 16–20, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 3 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3721).

TYPES: Male holotype from Berlese and sifted leaf litter of a spiny forest at an elevation of 25 m at Parc National de Tsimanampetsotsa, 6.7 km 130° SE Efoetse, 32.0 km 175° S Beheloka, 24°6′2″S, 43°45′36″E, Toliara Province, 18–22 March 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, deposited in CASC (PBI_OON 00003340). The species epithet, a noun in apposition, is taken for the Malagasy word for a pool, pond, or lake.

DIAGNOSIS: N. farihy can be differentiated from other Noideattella species by the following combination of characters: habitus dark red-brown; carapace with surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica and sides granulate (figs. 301, 302); sternum microsculpture finely reticulate, distributed in all surfaces (figs. 289, 303, 304); embolus with a flat curved apophysis at its base (figs. 290, 292); book lung covers large and elliptical (figs. 286, 287).

DESCRIPTION: Male (PBI_OON 0003533): Total length 2.1. Cephalothorax: Carapace dark red-brown. Sternum as long as wide, dark red-brown, furrow with rows of small pits, surface finely reticulate, without pits, with microsculpture medially and in furrows, anterior margin with interrupted transverse groove (figs. 303–305). Mouthparts: Chelicerae, endites, and labium dark red-brown, paturon inner margin with scattered setae (fig. 291). Abdomen: Ovoid. Dorsal scutum dark red-brown, middle surface smooth, sides reticulate. Postepigastric scutum dark red-brown, long, semicircular, covering nearly full length of abdomen (figs. 285–287). Legs: Pale orange, without color pattern. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: I, II p2-1-1; r1-1-1; metatarsi: I, II p1-1-0; r1-1-0. Genitalia: Epigastric region with sperm pore situated at level of anterior spiracles (fig. 295). Palp proximal segments pale orange; cymbium pale orange, without distal patch of setae; bulb pale orange (figs. 290, 292). Embolus dorsal lamella with at least three distal apophyses, ventral lamella with at least two apophyses (figs. 309–312). Palp as in figures 307 and 308. Female (PBI_OON 0003569): Total length 2.3. As in male except as noted. Legs: Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: I, II p2-1-1; r1-1-1; metatarsi: I, II p1-1-0; r1-1-0. Genitalia: Genital opening slit shaped (fig. 296). Sperm sac secretory gland openings pointed, extending all over the receptaculum posterior surface. GAp process shaped as a twisted tube (figs. 297–300). Genitalia as in figures 293 and 294.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: N = 12. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa: near Isalo National Park, at stream E of Interpretive Center, open fields, 750 m, S22.62666°, E45.35816°, Oct. 15–Nov. 09, 2001, M. Irwin, F. Parker, R. Harin'Hala, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3859). Toliara: Berenty Special Reserve, 8 km NW Amboasary, gallery forest, 85 m, S25.01111°, E46.30555°, Jan. 26–Feb. 05, 2003, M. Irwin, F. Parker, R. Harin'Hala, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3860); Forêt de Beroboka, 5.9 km 131° SE Ankidranoka, tropical dry forest, 80 m, S22.23305°, E43.36638°, Mar. 12–16, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3569); Parc Nat. d'Tsimanampetsotsa, Mitocho Cave, 6.4 km 77° ENE Efoetse, 17.4 km 170° S Beheloka, spiny forest thicket, 40 m, S24.04722°, E43.75305°, Mar. 18–22, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♀ Paratype (CASC PBI_OON 3538); Parc National de Zombitse, 19.8 km 84° E Sakaraha, tropical dry forest, 770 m, S22.84333°, E44.71000°, Feb. 05–09, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3533). Tulear: 18 km NNW Betroka, 825 m, S23.16333°, E44.96861°, Dec. 09–14, 1994, M. Ivie and A. Pollock, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3981); Andohahela Natl. Park, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, spiny forest thicket, 180 m, S24.93683°, E46.62666°, June 29–July 06, 2003, M. Irwin, F. Parker, R. Harin'Hala, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 36300); Beza Mahafaly Reserve, Parcelle I near research station, tropical dry forest, 165 m, S23.68650°, N44.59100°, Dec. 18–25, 2001, M. Irwin, F. Parker, R. Harin'Hala, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 36297); Cap Ste Marie Special Reserve, 74 km S of Tsihombe, 37 m, -25.58766°, 45.16300°, Apr. 14–22, 2003, M. Irwin, F. Parker, R. Harin'Hala, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 36298); June 29–July 05, 2003, 1♂ (CAS PBI_OON 36299).

TYPE SPECIES: Tolegnaro sagani, new species.

ETYMOLOGY: This name is an arbitrary combination of letters and masculine in gender.

DIAGNOSIS: Tolegnaro species must have the following five characters: carapace pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view posteriorly forming a wide cone (figs. 315, 326, 344, 361); plumose setae present around the carapace and abdomen area (figs. 328, 329, 357); abdomen globular covered with scuta (figs. 313–315, 342–344); epigynum dorsal view with a T-shaped anterior sclerite (figs. 332–334); embolus curved approximately 90° at its half length, and divided in two lamellae with several apophyses (figs. 318–320, 347–349).

DESCRIPTION: Total length males 1.4–1.8, females 1.56–1.9. Habitus orange-brown (figs. 313, 342). Cephalothorax: Carapace orange-brown, without any pattern, broadly oval in dorsal view, pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view, anteriorly narrowed to between 0.5 and 0.75 times its maximum width, with rounded posterolateral corners, posterolateral edge without pits, posterior margin not bulging below posterior rim, anterolateral corners without extension or projections, posterolateral surface without spikes (figs. 315–317, 344–346), surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica smooth, sides finely reticulate, thorax without depressions, fovea absent, without radiating rows of pits; lateral margin straight, rebordered, without denticles; nonmarginal pars cephalica setae light colored, needlelike, present in U-shaped row; nonmarginal pars thoracica setae absent; marginal setae present, light colored, needlelike (figs. 316, 325, 326, 345, 360, 361). Clypeus margin slightly rebordered, straight in front view, vertical in lateral view, high, ALE separated from edge of carapace by their radius or more, median projection absent (figs. 319, 348); setae present, light colored, needlelike. Clypeal setae are larger than the setae over the nonmarginal pars cephalica and thoracica (figs. 325, 360). Six eyes, subequal in size and well developed (figs. 319, 348). Posterior eye row recurved from above and from front; ALE separated by their radius to diameter, ALE-PLE separated by less than ALE radius, PME touching throughout most of their length, PLE-PME separated by less than PME radius (figs. 316, 345). Sternum as long as wide, orange-brown, uniform markings and sculpture, fused to carapace, median concavity absent, radial furrow opposite coxae III absent, surface smooth, without pits, sickle-shaped structures absent, posterior margin not extending posteriorly of coxae IV, anterior corner unmodified, lateral margin with infracoxal grooves and anterior and posterior openings, distance between coxae approximately equal, extensions of precoxal triangles absent, lateral margins unmodified, without posterior hump; setae sparse, light colored, needlelike, evenly scattered, originating from surface, without hair tufts (figs. 317, 327, 346, 364). Mouthparts: Chelicerae, endites, and labium orange-brown. Chelicerae straight, anterior face unmodified; promargin without teeth; without toothlike projections, directed medially, without prominent basal process, tip unmodified; setae light colored, needlelike, evenly scattered, posterior surface unmodified, promargin unmodified (figs. 319, 348). Labium triangular, not fused to sternum, anterior margin indented at middle, same as sternum in sclerotization; with six or more setae on anterior margin, subdistal portion with unmodified setae. Male endites same as sternum in sclerotization, anteromedian and posteromedian parts unmodified (figs. 317, 346), distally excavated, anteromedian tip and posteromedian part unmodified, same as sternum in sclerotization (figs. 323, 359). Abdomen: Globular, without color pattern, dorsal scutum present, strongly sclerotized and covering all abdomen, both epigastric scuta strongly sclerotized and covering all abdomen, without long posterior extension, rounded posteriorly, interscutal membrane rows of small sclerotized platelets absent posteriorly; dorsum soft portions white, without color pattern. Book lung covers small, round without setae, anterolateral edge unmodified (figs. 313–315, 342–344). Posterior spiracles connected by groove. Pedicel tube short, ribbed, scutopedicel region unmodified, scutum not extending far dorsal of pedicel, with plumose hairs dorsal and lateral of pedicel, without matted setae on anterior ventral abdomen in pedicel area absent, cuticular outgrowths near pedicel (figs. 313, 315, 342, 344). Dorsal scutum strongly sclerotized, orange-brown, without color pattern, covering full length of abdomen, no soft tissue visible from above, not fused to epigastric scutum, middle surface smooth, sides smooth, anterior half without projecting denticles. Epigastric scutum strongly sclerotized, surrounding pedicel, not protruding, small lateral sclerites absent. Postepigastric scutum strongly sclerotized, orange-brown, almost semicircular, covering nearly full length of abdomen, fused to epigastric scutum. Spinneret scutum present, incomplete ring. Supra anal scutum present. Dorsum setae present, light colored, needlelike. Epigastric area setae uniform, light colored, needlelike. Postepigastric area setae present, light colored. Spinneret scutum with fringe of needlelike setae. Dense patch of setae anterior to spinnerets absent. Interscutal membrane with setae. Colulus represented only by setae. Legs: Spination variable, present on tibia and metatarsi I and II of T. sagani, absent from all legs of T. kepleri. Metatarsi spines one pair, tibia IV prolateral distal surface without spines. Legs without color pattern; femur IV not thickened, same size as femora I–III, patella plus tibia I shorter than carapace, tibia IV specialized hairs on ventral apex absent, tibia IV ventral scopula absent, metatarsi III and IV weak ventral scopula absent. Trichobothria base longitudinally narrowed, aperture internal texture gratelike, hood covered by numerous low, closely spaced ridges. Male genitalia: Epigastric region with sperm pore small, oval, situated at level of anterior spiracles, rebordered (figs. 330, 358); furrow without Ω-shaped insertions (figs. 314, 330, 343, 352). Male palpal patella shorter than femur and not swollen, male bulb spherical, not strongly sclerotized, right and left palps symmetrical, proximal segments pale orange; embolus light colored; femur without posteriorly rounded lateral dilation, attaching to patella basally; patella shorter than femur, not enlarged, without prolateral row of ridges, setae unmodified; tibia with three trichobothria; cymbium pale orange, ovoid in dorsal view, not fused with bulb, not extending beyond distal tip of bulb, plumose setae absent, without stout setae; bulb pale orange, 1 to 1.5 times as long as cymbium, stout, spherical. Internal structures and embolus details similar to those in Noideattella species (figs. 318, 320, 336, 337). Female: As in male except as noted. Cephalothorax: Sternum anterior margin unmodified. Mouthparts: Endites distally not excavated (figs. 324, 359). Female palp spines absent; tarsus unmodified, patella without prolateral row of ridges. Abdomen: Epigastric scutum without lateral joints. Postepigastric scutum not fused to epigastric scutum. Legs: Tibia I unmodified, metatarsi I and II mesoapical comb absent. Trichobothria: tibia I and IV, three; metatarsus I and IV, one. Female genitalia: Internal structures of Tolegnaro species are similar to Noideattella species (figs. 321, 322, 350, 351).

TAXONOMIC NOTE: The plumose setae present around the carapace and abdomen area (figs. 328, 329, 357) are not unique to Tolegnaro within the Oonopidae, but are a homoplastic synapomorphy for this genus (see Phylogenetic Relationships). On our cladogram this character is a synapomorphy at the Tolegnaro node but homoplastic elsewhere (length = 4, CI = 25, RI = 62).

PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS: Tolegnaro is supported by the following 10 synapomorphies common to all minimal-length cladograms: posterior edge of carapace with plumose setae in both sexes (253–1) and distributed dorsally and laterally of pedicel (335–3: fig. 357); carapace seta on pars thoracica absent in males (247–0: fig. 325) and females (24–0); abdomen shape globular in males (322–2: figs. 313, 342) and females (94–2) [ancestral state either cylindrical or ovoid]; book lung cover size small in males (326–0: figs. 315, 344) and females (98–0); abdomen postepigastric scutum almost semicircular in males (352–0: figs. 314, 343) and females (125–0) [ancestral state long, semicircular].

SPECIES INCLUDED: Tolegnaro kepleri and T. sagani.

TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype from Berlese and sifted leaf litter of a littoral rainforest at an elevation of 10 m at Forêt de Petriky, 12.5 km W Tolagnaro, littoral forest 25°3.73′S, 46°42.26′E, Toliara Province, 22 November 1998, B.L. Fisher, deposited in CASC (PBI_OON 00036154). The species epithet is in honor of the astronomer Carl Sagan.

DIAGNOSIS: T. sagani can be differentiated from other Tolegnaro species by the following combination of characters: carapace surface smooth (figs. 316, 325); male cheliceral paturon inner margin with scattered setae; sternum without radial furrows between coxae I–II, II–III, III–IV, surface and furrows smooth, microsculpture absent (figs. 317, 327); leg spines present, one pair on metatarsi I and II; paturon distal region unmodified (fig. 319).

DESCRIPTION: Male (PBI_OON 0003282): Total length 1.40. Sternum microsculpture absent, anterior margin with continuous transverse groove (fig. 323), anterior margin unmodified (fig. 327). Mouthparts: Cheliceral paturon surface with scattered setae (fig. 319). Abdomen: Pedicel has a pair of triangular dorsal projections on its margin and a line of dorsal setae. Postepigastric area setae needlelike. Male genital opening slightly protruded and covered by a line of feathery seta, epigastric scutum apodemes large, near the anterior book lung opening and connected by a shallow groove (fig. 330). Legs: Yellow; tibia I with dorsal row of ridges. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: I, II p1-1-0; r1-1-0; metatarsi: I, II p0-1-0; r0-1-0. Tarsi I to IV superior claw teeth not examined in detail. Trichobothria on tibiae: I three, IV three, trichobothria base longitudinally narrowed, aperture internal texture gratelike, hood covered by numerous low, closely spaced ridges. Tarsal organ with three sensilla visible. Genitalia: Palp proximal segments pale orange; cymbium pale orange (figs. 318–320), cymbium without distal patch of setae (fig. 306). Embolus dorsal lamella with three distal apophyses (figs. 340, 341), ventral lamella with at least two apophyses, one bifurcated (figs. 338, 339). Palp as in figures 336 and 337. Female (PBI_OON 0003282): Total length 1.56. As in male except as noted. Abdomen: Pedicel with pair of triangular dorsal projections on margin and line of dorsal setae. Legs: Tibia I Emerit's glands absent. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines longer than segment width): tibiae: I, II p1-1-0; r1-1-0; metatarsi: I, II p0-1-0; r0-1-0. Tarsi I to IV superior claw teeth not examined in detail. Genitalia: Genital opening slit shaped (fig. 331). Sperm sac secretory glands openings flat, extending over the receptaculum center. GAp process shaped as a twisted tube (figs. 332–334). Genitalia as in figures 321 and 322.

VARIATION: Male leg I spine number varies on the tibia from one to two pairs, tibia leg II spine number varies widely, some specimens do not have spines. Female leg II spine number varies, some specimens only have one spine on the prolateral side. The shape and number of embolar dorsal and ventral lamella apophyses varies among individuals (figs. 336, 339, 340).

MATERIAL EXAMINED: N = 649. Madagascar: Antananarivo: Reserve Speciale d'Ambohitantely, Forêt d'Ambohitantely, 20.9 km 72° NE d'Ankazobe, montane rainforest, 1410 m, S18.22527°, E47.28694°, Apr.17– 22, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 15 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3238); 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3287); Reserve Speciale d'Ambohitantely, Forêt d'Ambohitantely, 24.1 km 59° NE d'Ankazobe, montane rainforest, 1620 m, S18.00277°, E47.00444°, Apr. 17–22, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 36 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3243). Fianarantsoa: 7.6 km from Kianjavato, Forêt Clasee Vatovavy, 175 m, S21.40000°, E47.94000°, June 06–08, 2005, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 7 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3454); 8.0 km NE Ivohibe, forest, 1200 m, S22.42100°, E46.89600°, Nov. 03–09, 1997, B.L. Fisher, 2♀ (CASC PBI_OON 36398); 9.0 km NE Ivohibe, forest, 900 m, S22.92666°, E46.93833°, Nov. 12–17, 1997, B.L. Fisher, 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36397); Forêt d'Atsirakambiaty, 7.6 km 285° WNW Itremo, montane rainforest, 1550 m, S20.59333°, E46.56333°, Jan. 22–26, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3555); 12 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3924); Forêt de Vevembe, 66.6 km 293° WNW Farafangana, rainforest to montane transition, 600 m, S22.01305°, E47.00277°, Apr. 26, 2006, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 11 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3464); P.N. Befotaka-Midongy, 27.7 km S Midongy-Sud, Mount Papango, rainforest, 1250 m, S23.84100°, E46.95800°, Nov. 17–19, 2006, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 13 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3448); P.N. Befotaka-Midongy, 28.5 km S Midongy-Sud Mount Papango, montane rainforest, 940 m, S23.83500°, E46.94800°, Nov. 13–15, 2006, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3439); Reserve Speciale Ivohibe, 6.5 km ESE Ivohibe, camp III, montane rainforest, 1575 m, S22.49666°, E46.95500°, Oct. 24–30, 1997, B.L. Fisher, 1♀ (FMNH PBI_OON 10253); Reserve Speciale Ivohibe, 8.0 km NE Ivohibe, camp IV, montane rainforest, 1200 m, S22.42166°, E46.89833°, Nov. 03–09, 1997, B.L. Fisher, 1♀ (FMNH PBI_OON 10251); Reserve Forestiere d'Agnalazaha, Mahabo, 42.9 km 215° SW Farafangana, littoral forest, 20 m, S23.19388°, E47.72305°, Apr. 19, 2006, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 14 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3469); Reserve Speciale Ivohibe, 6.5 km ESE Ivohibe, forest, S22.49666°, E46.95500°, Dec. 24–30, 1997, B.L. Fisher, 24 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36396); Reserve Speciale Ivohibe, 7.5 km ESE Ivohibe, forest, S22.47000°, E46.96000°, Dec. 07–12, 1997, B.L. Fisher, 18 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36395). Mahajanga: Parc National Tsingy de Bemaraha, 10.6 km ESE 123° Antsalova, tropical dry forest, 150 m, S19.70944°, E44.71805°, Nov. 16–20, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 16 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3244); 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3543); 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3546); 37 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3565); Parc National Tsingy de Bemaraha, 2.5 km 62° ENE Bekopaka, Ankidrodroa River, tropical dry forest, 100 m, S19.13222°, E44.81472°, Nov. 11–15, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 32 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3979); Parc National Tsingy de Bemaraha, 3.4 km 93° E Bekopaka, Tombeau Vazimba, tropical dry forest, 50 m, S19.14194°, E44.82805°, Nov. 06–10, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3302); Reserve d'Ankoririka, 10.6 km 13° NE de Tsaramandroso, tropical dry forest, 210 m, S16.26722°, E46.04861°, Apr. 09–14, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 4♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3883); Reserve Speciale de Bemarivo, 23.8 km 223° SW Besalampy, tropical dry forest, 30 m, S16.92500°, E44.36833°, Nov. 19–23, 2002, Fisher, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3539); Pont Onibe, Clay Forest, Dec. 01–31, 1993, A. Pauly, 1♂ (MRAC MT. 177. 693 PBI_OON 8004). Toliara: 2.7 km 302° WNW Ste. Luce, littoral forest, 20 m, S24.77166°, E47.17166°, Dec. 09–11, 1998, B.L. Fisher, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3595); Bohibasia Forest, 59 km NE Sakaraha, tropical dry forest, 780 m, S22.46666°, E41.83333°, Jan. 13, 1996, B.L. Fisher, 6 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3965); Enakara, 11 km NW Reserve Andohahela, rainforest, 800 m, S24.56666°, E46.81666°, Nov. 17, 1992, B.L. Fisher, 1♀ (FMNH PBI_OON 10252); Enakara, 13 km NW Reserve Andohahela, montane rainforest, 1250 m, S24.55000°, E46.80000°, Oct. 30, 1992, B.L. Fisher, 5 mixed (FMNH PBI_OON 10240); 2♂ (FMNH PBI_OON 10244); Forêt Clasee d'Analavelona, 29.2 km 343° NNW Mahaboboka, montane rainforest, 1300 m, S22.67500°, E44.18666°, Feb. 22–26, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3534); 53 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3951); Forêt de Petriky, 12.5 km W Tolagnaro, littoral forest, 10 m, S25.06216°, E46.86933°, Nov. 22, 1998, Sylvian, B.L. Fisher, 88 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 2036); 1♀ (FMNH PBI_OON 10249); Forêt Ivohibe, 55.0 km N Tolagnaro, rainforest, 200 m, S24.56888°, E47.20388°, Dec. 02–04, 2006, B.L. Fisher, 4 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3441); Fort Dauphin, Mt. Ilapiry, primary forest, SE slope, 300 m, Feb. 02, 1995, K. Emberton, 1♂ (MRAC MT. 202. 862 PBI_OON 7995); Mahafaly Plateau, 6.2 km 74° ENE Itampolo, spiny forest thicket, 80 m, S24.65361°, E43.99666°, Feb. 21–25, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3256); Parc Nat. Andohahela, Col de Tanatana, 33.3 km NW Tolagnaro, rainforest, 275 m, S24.75861°, E46.85361°, Nov. 22–24, 2006, B.L. Fisher, 22 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3440); Parc National d'Andohahela, Forêt d'Ambohibory, 1.7 km 61° ENE Tsimelahy, 36.1 km 308° NW Tolagnaro, tropical dry forest, 300 m, S24.93000°, E46.64555°, Jan. 16–20, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 52 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3537); 74 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3554); 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 36399); Parc National d'Andohahela, 36.7 km 341° NNW Tolagnaro, montane rainforest, 900 m, S24.76388°, E46.75166°, Jan. 21–25, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 3 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3544); Parc National de Zombitse, 19.8 km 84° E Sakaraha, tropical dry forest, 770 m, S22.84333°, E44.71000°, Feb. 05–09, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 5 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3925); 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3950); Reserve Speciale d'Ambohijanahary, Forêt d'Ankazotsihitafototra, 35.2 km 312° NW Ambaravaranala, montane rainforest, 1050 m, S18.26666°, E45.40666°, Jan. 13–17, 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3281); 26 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3282); 10 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3532); 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3927); 18 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3928); S.F. Mandena, 8.4 km NNE Tolagnaro, littoral forest, 20 m, S24.95233°, E47.00100°, Nov. 20, 1998, B.L. Fisher, 16 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3436).

TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype from Berlese and sifted leaf litter of a tropical dry forest at an elevation of 100 m at Parc National de Namoroka, 17.8 km 329° WNW Vilanandro, 16°22′36″S, 45°19′36″E, Mahajanga, 8–12 December 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, deposited in CASC (PBI_OON 00036155). The species epithet is in honor of the astronomer Johannes Kepler.

DIAGNOSIS: T. kepleri can be differentiated from other Tolegnaro species by the following combination of characters: carapace side microsculpture finely reticulate (figs. 346, 361); male cheliceral paturon inner margin distal portion with long curved modified seta (figs. 348, 363); sternum with radial furrows between coxae I–II, II–III, III–IV, surface finely reticulate, microsculpture only in furrows (figs. 346, 362); leg spines absent (fig. 364).

DESCRIPTION: Male: Total length 1.8. Cephalothorax: Sternum anterior margin with interrupted transverse groove (fig. 359). Mouthparts: Paturon inner margin with recumbent, curved setae (figs. 348, 363). Abdomen: Postepigastric area setae plumose. Legs: Pale orange; tibia I unmodified. Male genital opening slightly protruded, epigastric scutum apodemes large, separated from the anterior book lung opening and not connected by a furrow. Posterior spiracles connected by a groove (fig. 352). Leg spines absent (fig. 364). Tarsi I to IV superior claw teeth not examined in detail. Trichobothria examined with SEM. Tarsal organ with two sensilla visible. Genitalia: Palp cymbium with distal patch of setae. Palp proximal segments pale orange; cymbium pale orange (figs. 347–349). Embolus dorsal lamella and ventral lamella with at least two apophyses each (figs. 367–370). Palp as in figures 365 and 366. Female (PBI_OON 0003325): Total length 1.9. As in male except as noted. Cephalothorax: Mouthparts: Cheliceral paturon inner margin with scattered setae. Legs: Tibia I Emerit's glands present. Tarsi I to IV superior claw teeth not examined in detail. Genitalia: Genital opening slit shaped (fig. 353). Sperm sac secretory glands openings flat, extending over the receptaculum center. GAp process shaped as a twisted tube (figs. 354, 355). Genitalia as in figures 350 and 351.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: N = 69. Madagascar: Mahajanga: Parc National de Baie de Baly, 12.4 km 337° NNW Soalala, tropical dry forest, 10 m, S16.01000°, E45.26500°, Nov. 26–30, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 15 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3044); 15 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3357); Parc National de Namoroka, 16.9 km 317° NW Vilanandro, tropical dry forest, 100 m, S16.40666°, E45.31000°, Nov. 12–16, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 9 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3325); 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36282); Parc National de Namoroka, 17.8 km 329° WNW Vilanandro, tropical dry forest, 100 m, S16.37666°, E45.32666°, Nov. 08–12, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 32 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 1993). Toamasina: Forêt Clasee Andriantately, rainforest, 530 m, S18.69500°, E48.81333°, Dec. 04–07, 1998, H.J. Ratsirarson, 3 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3838). Toliara: 2.7 km 302° WNW Ste. Luce, littoral forest, 20 m, S24.77166°, E47.17166°, Dec. 09–11, 1998, B.L. Fisher, 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3889); Fort Dauphin, Mt. Vasiha, primary forest, 100 m, Feb. 07, 1995, K. Emberton, 1♀ (MRAC MT. 202. 867 PBI_OON 8036); Parc National d'Andohahela, 36.7 km 341° NNW Tolagnaro, montane rainforest, 900 m, S24.76388°, E46.75166°, Jan. 21–25, 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 2♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3871); Reserve Integrale Naturelle d'Andohahela, parcel 1, 20.0 km SE Andranondambo, 1857 m, S24.56166°, E46.72166°, Nov. 27–Dec. 05, 1995, S. Goodman, 1♀ (FMNH PBI_OON 36301).