Three species of Pterygoneurum are present in China: P. ovatum (Hedw.) Dix., P. subsessile (Brid.) Jur. and P. kozlovii Laz. Pterygoneurum ovatum has exserted, stegocarpous capsules, while those of P. subsessile are immersed, although also stegocarpous. Pterygoneurum kozlovii is reported for the first time from Inner Mongolia Province of China. It is distinguished from the other species by the cleistocarpous capsules. Detailed descriptions, illustrations and distribution maps are given for the species and a key to the Chinese species is provided. The spore morphology of the three species was examined by SEM.