The present paper updates the taxonomy of Euphorbia subsect. Myrsiniteae for the Flora of Iran since the publication of Flora Iranica in 1964. We provide a key, descriptions, distribution maps and illustrations for the seven taxa of the subsection occurring in the country. The presence of E. monostyla and the absence of E. rigida is confirmed. The distribution of E. spinidens, E. myrsinites, E. marschalliana subsp. marschalliana and E. marschalliana subsp. armena is updated, and E. marschalliana subsp. woronowii is considered a synonym of E. marschalliana subsp. marschalliana.