As part of a taxonomic review of Cynosurus (Poaceae), we studied the types of the following taxa in the C. elegans–C. effusus complex: C. elegans from N Africa, C. aurasiacus from Algeria, C. gracilis and C. fertilis from Corsica, C. brizoides from Madeira, C. effusus from Portugal, C. obliquatus from Greece, C. paui and C. elegans var. chalybaeus from Spain, Chrysurus paradoxus from Italy, and two varieties of Cynosurus elegans described from Sicily as well as one of C. effusus from the Dodecanese Islands. We discuss their taxonomic validity and morphological variability in the Iberian Peninsula. We propose nine new lectotypes and two neotypes.

The replacement name Primula sinohumilis G. Hao & C.M. Hu is proposed for P. humilis Pax & Hoffm., which is an illegitimate later homonym.

A new epiphytic species Vaccinium chlaenophyllum Vuong, V.H. Bui & V.S. Dang (Ericaceae) is described from Lam Dong Province in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Vaccinium chlaenophyllum is similar to V. pseudospadiceum but differs from it by having an epiphytic habit, smaller leaves, shorter calyx lobes and corolla, and a glabrous filament. A morphological description, illustrations, data on habitat, and a table comparing V. chlaenophyllum with V. pseudospadiceum are provided.

Dianthus anatolicus var. afyonensis Uğurlu, M. Koch & Dönmez var. nova is described from central Turkey (Çay, Afyonkarahisar). It is morphologically different from D. anatolicus by stem, leaf and calyx length, and the shape of epicalyx scales and petals. We also used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) data to identify and circumscribe the new variety. Habitat, ecology and the conservation status of the new variety are described.

Hiptage laxiflora Sujana & Vadhyar sp. nova (Malpighiaceae) is described from the southern Western Ghats, India. The species shares some morphological traits with H. acuminata and H. pauciflora such as acuminate leaves, single calycinal glands, rusty or tawny or silvery pubescent in inflorescence, and mericarps. Illustrations, photographs and conservation status of the species as well as an identification key to the Indian species of Hiptage are provided.

Recent fieldwork on the island of Mindanao, Philippines resulted in the discovery of a species — Etlingera dostseiana Naive, Demayo & Alejandro (Zingiberaceae) — described here as new to science. It is unique among the Philippine Etlingera due to having an ovoid spike, papery bracts when fruiting, and stilt roots. A detailed description, photographs, phenology and habitat ecology of this endemic Etlingera species are provided. A total of 17 species of Etlingera are now known the Philippines, 11 of them endemic.

Crossoglossa puipuiensis Damián & Mitidieri (Orchidaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Peru. It differs from C. steinii by having an orbicular (vs. ovate to ovate–elliptic) labellum bearing at its base two, erect, subquadrate to rectangular (vs. prostrate, lanceolate to ovate) calli. Crossoglossa neirynckiana and C. dalessandroi are reported as new to the Peruvian flora.

Lysimachia caloneura G. Hao, X.L. Yu & A. Liu sp. nova (Primulaceae) is described and illustrated from Hunan, China. In general morphology it resembles the species in subgen. Lysimachia sect. Nummularia ser. Drymarifoliae, characterized by leaves with black glandular punctuations or striations, yellow corolla, filaments being longer than anthers and basally connate into a short tube, and a dorsifixed anther opening by lateral slits. Lysimachia caloneura is to some extent similar to L. patungensis, but differs from the latter by its tiny size and by having a strikingly dark green abaxial leaf surface and narrow light green bands along the main veins on the adaxial surface.

Pseuduvaria khaosokensis Yoosukkee & Chaowasku (Annonaceae), a new species from Surat Thani Province, southern Thailand, is described and illustrated. A plastid phylogeny with 55 accessions of Pseuduvaria and six DNA regions (matK, rbcL exons; trnL intron; atpB–rbcL, psbA–trnH, trnL–trnF intergenic spacers) included placed the new species as a sister group to P. setosa, a widespread species occurring in southwestern and southern Thailand, as well as in Peninsular Malaysia. The two species are primarily distinguishable from each other by differences in the indumentum on young twigs and leaf margin, petiole length, leaf base, shape of inner petal glands, number of stamens per male flower, and monocarp shape and surface.

Hyphodermella aurantiaca C.L. Zhao sp. nova (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) is described based on morphological and molecular evidence. The species has an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiomata with saffron to orange hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing simple septa, IKI–, CB–, and ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, IKI–, CB– basidiospores. In phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS + nLSU and nLSU sequences H. aurantiaca formed a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP) and grouped with H. corrugata, H. poroides and H. rosae.

Amomum arunachalense Hareesh & M. Sabu sp. nova (Zingiberaceae) is described from Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. It is similar to A. maximum, but differs from the latter by having a white rhizome with a pale brown center, an entire ligule, a labellum without lateral staminodes, an obtuse stamen crest and a non-winged, foveolate fruit. A detailed description of the plants along with photographs are provided.

Billolivia lamdongensis Hareesh, T.A. Le & D.D. Nguyen sp. nova (Gesneriaceae) is described and illustrated from Central Highlands, Vietnam. It resembles B. vietnamensis but differs from the latter in having short hairs on the adaxial surface of the lamina; ovate-lanceolate bracts; linear calyx lobes 3/4 length of the corolla tube; a white corolla with a yellow throat and a dark purple patch between the upper lips on both surfaces; and fruits with pubescence all over.

Corynandra telanganensis J. Swamy & Rasingam (Cleomaceae), a new species from Telangana, India is described and illustrated. Morphologically it resembles C. aspera, but differs from it by having very small and erect habit, a glabrous stem, simple leaves, solitary flowers, four stamens and capsules with 1–5 seeds.

Three endemic species of the genus Chenopodiastrum occur on remote Atlantic islands: C. coronopus on the Canary Islands (El Hierro, Gran Canaria, La Palma and Tenerife), C. helenense (Aellen) Uotila, comb. nova on Saint Helena, and C. selvagense Uotila, sp. nova on the Selvagens Islands (Selvagem Grande and Selvagem Pequena) and the Desertas Islands (Ilhéu Chão). The closest relative to all of them is widespread C. murale, which is more or less common on many Atlantic islands. Variation in C. murale is discussed, morphological descriptions of all the species are given, and their chorological histories on the Atlantic islands are discussed.

Dieffenbachia (Araceae) currently comprises 57 species described from Mexico, through Central America, the West Indies, Trinidad to South America. Our comprehensive revision of herbarium specimens and recent explorations in remote areas of Panama, identified two new endemic species of Dieffenbachia: D. batistae O. Ortiz & Croat and D. mortoniana O. Ortiz & Croat. Descriptions, taxonomic comments, conservation notes and photographs of the new species are provided.

We provide an updated and comprehensive illustrated checklist of bryophytes in Hồ Chí Minh City. We collected specimens from all possible substrates at different locations in the city such as parks, house gardens, school yards, roadsides, and industrial and residential areas. We record 31 species, of which 25 are mosses and 6 are liverworts. Four species — Calymperes boulayi, C. pallidum, Splachnobryum oorschotii, Cololejeunea furcilobulata — were recorded for the first time from Vietnam. All species are illustrated and a dichotomous key to the species is provided.

Four currently accepted species names in Apiaceae are changed because of illegitimacy or nomenclatural priority. Lomatocarpa korovinii Pimenov nom. illeg. should be replaced by Lomatocarpa alata (Korovin) Pimenov & Sennikov comb. nova, Pseudotrachydium vesiculoso-alatum (Rech. f.) Pimenov & Kljuykov is renamed to Pseudotrachydium kopetdaghense (Korovin) Pimenov & Sennikov comb. nova, Ferula feruloides Korovin nom. illeg. should be called Ferula paniculata Ledeb., and Oedibasis tamerlanii Korovin ex Nevski nom. illeg. is correctly named Oedibasis chaerophylloides (Regel & Schmalh.) Korovin. A complete list of synonyms for all four species is verified, their legitimate or illegitimate status is established, and nomenclatural types are indicated or (for Trachydium kopetdagense Korovin) designated here.

Mårten Magnus Wilhelm Brenner (1843–1930) was a non-professional Finnish botanist who published 220 articles or notes. Brenner worked on East Fennoscandian vascular plants (the territory of present-day Finland and adjacent Russia). He validly published ca. 833 new taxa, especially in genus Hieracium (including Pilosella), and introduced 56 names as nomina nuda. Brenner had no concept of type specimens and therefore all his plant taxa need typification, and 151 of those are lectotypified here. In this paper, nomina nuda and the taxa whose type material was not found are also listed, except those of the apomictic genera Hieracium and Taraxacum. Many of Brenner's new taxa are forms and varieties, generally not recognised nowadays. Many of his taxa were based on single or few specimens and therefore were characterised by local distributions, whereas some include ample original material. Finnish botanists generally ignored Brenner's contributions to taxonomy. However, 11 species of Hieracium, 20 of Taraxacum and Euphrasia stricta var. tenuis (Brenner) Jalas are currently recognised, and recently also E. wettsteinii var. botniensium (Brenner) Piirainen. Together Brenner's type collection treated here consists of 254 sheets (Hieracium and Taraxacum excluded), deposited at the Botanical Museum (H), Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Finland.

In this paper, I review botanical expeditions of Boris K. Schischkin and Vasily V. Sapozhnikov in Turkey (1915–1917), and scrutinize in detail their itineraries in May–July 1916. The botanical explorations in eastern Turkey carried out in 1916 and 1917 were commissioned by the Russian government (Migration Department of the Ministry of Agriculture) as part of the First World War activities. The collections gathered in 1916 (from present-day Ağrı, Muş, Van, Bitlis and Erzerum provinces) were completely identified and published, whereas the material collected in 1917 (from present-day Rize and Artvin provinces) remain largely unpublished. The main set of herbarium specimens collected by Schischkin and Sapozhnikov is deposited at LE with some duplicates at TGM and ERE, while a minor part of the specimens collected by Sapozhnikov is kept at TK, and some duplicates were sent from LE to other institutions.

Oreocharis wenxianensis X.J. Liu & X.G. Sun sp. nova (Gesneriaceae) is described and illustrated from Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province, China. It is morphologically similar to O. concava, O. convexa and O. flavovirens, but differs from all of these by its unbranched cymes, 2-flowered inflorescences, long abaxial stamens, big anthers, 1 stigma, obovate-oblong leaf blade and pinnatilobate to pinnatisect leaf margin.

A new tree species Jarandersonia pereirae S.K. Ganesan & R.C.K. Chung (Malvaceae, Brownlowioideae) is described from Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia. It appears to be a hyperendemic and ultramafic obligate restricted to Gunung Tinkar Forest Reserve, Sabah. It is morphologically most similar to J. rinoreoides, the only other Jarandersonia species found in Sabah. Notes on the distribution and habitat, a conservation assessment, and a key to Jarandersonia species in Borneo are provided.