Based on the original species descriptions, a review of the genus Paramacrobiotus was conducted. We divided the genus into two subgenera, Microplacoidus subgen. nov. and Paramacrobiotus subgen. nov., based on the presence or absence of a microplacoid, and characterized species within the genus based on seven different types of eggs. In a moss sample collected in Ecuador, Paramacrobiotus (Paramacrobiotus) spinosus sp. nov., was found. The new species differs from all species of the subgenus Parama crobiotus by the presence of richtersi type eggs and from other species by morphometric characters. Additionally, in the Ecuadorian material we found P. (Microplacoidus) magdalenae comb. nov., which is the first record of this species in Ecuador, and we provide the full set of measurements for this species, not included in the original description. An additional new record is P. (M.) alekseevi comb. nov. found in Vietnam for the first time. After examining microscope slides from the Iharos' collection deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, we prepared re-descriptions of P. (P.) csotiensis comb nov., P. (M.) submorulatus comb. nov. and P. (M.) wauensis comb. nov. Based on the morphological and morphometric characters of adults and eggs, we developed a diagnostic key to the genus Paramacrobiotus.

Two new species of Friesea from the Western Cape province in South Africa, F. stevenchowni sp. nov. and F. capensis sp. nov., are described. Friesea capensis sp. nov. is easily distinguished by the lack of ocelli and anal spines, while F. stevenchowni sp. nov. is distinguished from other sub-Saharan species of the genus by a combination of characters including two anal spines in the position of m1, tibiotarsi with chaeta M present, 3 3 chaetae on the thoracic tergum I and 5 5 eyes. An identification key is provided for Friesea species that are found in sub-Saharan Africa.

Evidence is presented on the synonymy of Hancockitettix humeratus Storozhenko et Pushkar, 2017 syn. nov., (a recently described species from the Cameron Highlands of the Malay peninsula (the only recorded specimen, a female holotype, caught in 2014)) and Eufalconius pendleburyi Günther, 1938, a long-time-no-see species from Bukit Kutu of the Malay peninsula (the only recorded specimen, a female holotype, caught in 1926) — 100 km S of the Cameron Highlands and part of the same massif (Tenasserim range: Titiwangsa Mts.). The holotypes of the two species are conspecific, almost identical in morphology. As a result Hancockitettix Storozhenko et Pushkar, 2017 syn. nov. becomes a junior synonym of Eufalconius Günther, 1938. The original description of Hancockitettix syn. nov. and H. humeratus syn. nov. contains much more data than that of Eufalconius and E. pendleburyi and serves as a very good ‘re-description’. New records of E. pendleburyi found on the social media photo database Flickr from the same massif (Endau Rompin NP, Bukit Fraser) are presented herein. Detailed comparison is given between the genera Austrohancockia Günther, 1938, Discotettix Costa, 1864, Eufalconius, Gibbotettix Zheng, 1992, Hancockella Uvarov, 1940, Paragavialidium Zheng, 1994, and Platygavialidium Günther, 1938.

Tragediana chusqueae gen. et sp. nov. is described from the Andes and Nahuelbuta mountains in the south central zone of Chile. The genus is associated with Chusquea Kunth (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), and is characterized in part by having completely paired carinae on eumetope, a feature present in only a few genera among Delphacini.

We studied molecular and morphological diversity of Platerodrilini from China. Oriental and Palearctic Platerodrilus were included in a phylogenetic analysis and major lineages are identified using molecular data and morphology. We reinstate Duliticola Mjöberg, 1925 from the synonymy of Platerodrilus Pic, 1921 as a subgenus in Platerodrilus s. l. Additionally, we propose a new subgenus Zhelongia subgen. nov. for the type-species Platerodrilus (Zhelongia) igneus sp. nov. and three related species. Larva of P. (Z.) igneus sp. nov. is described. Zhelongia subgen. nov. represents a deeply rooted lineage in Platerodrilus s. l. and all species from China, India, and Indo-Burma are included in Zhelongia. The highest diversity of Platerodrilus is found in the Sundaland and Chinese species represent a species-poor but morphologically distant lineage. The ranges of Chinese species define the northernmost distribution limits of Platerodrilus. These limits are probably affected by climatic fluctuations and the low ability of neotenics to rapidly colonize distant areas during interglacial periods. Lizhongiella gen. nov., a new genus of Platerodrilini is described for Lizhongiella hainanensis sp. nov. from Hainan.

Here we present a revision of the Neotropical genus Eurrhacus Waterhouse, 1879 that is placed in Eurrhacini tribe, strongly related to Calopterini, being the only genus from these tribes or even among exclusive Neotropical lycids known so far to present reduced or absent parameres. Six species are placed in the genus, two of them, E. tristis (Waterhouse, 1878) and E. pectinicornis (Gorham, 1881), are redescribed, and four species are proposed as new to science: E. amazonicus sp. nov., E. paraensis sp. nov., E. ecuadorensis, sp. nov., and E. kaboureki sp. nov.

A new species of Austrelmis, A. uaik sp. nov., from Patagonia, is described from adults of both sexes. Mature larvae of this species are also described and illustrated in detail. Adults of A. uaik are compared with those of A. patagonica, the only other species known from Patagonia and with other described argentine Austrelmis species. Larvae of A. uaik are compared to other previously described larvae from Argentina. A key to the known species of Austrelmis known from Argentina is included.

Subterranean (endogean) Scydmaeninae are recorded for the first time from Southeast Asia, based on specimens collected from the mineral soil layer in Cambodia and Vietnam. All reported species show morphological adaptations to life within soil, as microor anophthalmy, miniaturization and light pigmentation. The following new taxa are described: Siamites deharvengi sp. nov. (Glandulariini; Vietnam) is the first Siamites species known outside Thailand and the only species of the genus with microphthalmous males; Blefuscudia gen. nov. (Scydmaenini) is morphologically similar to Liliputella known to occur in the Bismarck Archipelago; both genera are blind and wingless; Blefuscudia khmer sp. nov. (type species of Blefuscudia; Cambodia); Blefuscudia bilineata sp. nov. (Vietnam); and Blefuscudia monolineata sp. nov. (Vietnam). Moreover, three species of Cephennomicrus (Cephenniini; Vietnam) are illustrated, representing the first microphthalmous members of this large genus. All these scydmaenines come from karst hills with a limestone ground.

A brief review of the genus Nalassus Mulsant, 1854 of Turkey is given. The new genus Turkonalassus gen. nov. (type species Helops adimonius Allard, 1876) is described. Species of the newly described genus are superficially similar to representatives of the subgenus Pelorinus of Probaticus (subtribe Helopina), but belong to the subtribe Cylindrinotina and are close to the genus Nalassus from which they differ by the absence of temple grooves ventrally (lower aspect of eye without ventral groove). The following species are included in Turkonalassus: Turkonalassus adimonius (Allard, 1876) (from Probaticus), Turkonalassus pentheri (Reitter, 1905), comb. nov. (from Probaticus), Turkonalassus bozdagus Keskin et Nabozhenko, 2010, comb. nov. (from Nalassus), Turkonalassus pineus sp. nov., Turkonalassus quercanus sp. nov., Turkonalassus petrophilus sp. nov., Turkonalassus macedonicus sp. nov. The last species is described from Greece and Bulgaria, the other species are known from Turkey. A new synonymy is established: Nalassus Mulsant, 1854 = Helopocerodes Reitter, 1922, syn. nov.; Turkonalassus pentheri = Cylindronotus hoberlandtii Kaszab, 1959, syn. nov. Lectotype of Helops pentheri Reitter, 1905 is designated. A key to the species of the genus Turkonalassus and genus Nalassus from Turkey is given.

A description of the last larval instar (based on exuviae) of Globicornis (Hadrotoma) emarginata (Gyllenhal, 1808) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is presented. Morphological characters of Globicornis larvae are characterized and discussed, including antenna, epipharynx, mandibula, maxilla, ligula with labial palpi, hastiseta, spiciseta, legs, terga, and condition of the antecostal suture. Structural differences of mature larvae of the following Globicornis species are compared and summarized: Globicornis (Hadrotoma) corticalis (Eichhoff, 1863), Globicornis (Hadrotoma) emarginata (Gyllenhal, 1808) and Globicornis (Globicornis) nigripes (Fabricius, 1792).

Urbanised areas are capable of exerting a strong impact on the distribution of genetic diversity within populations of animals. Urban invertebrate species are currently either relicts from pre-urban ecosystems, or have immigrated during or following urbanisation. We analysed 10 microsatellite loci in 196 specimens of the harlequin ladybird (Harmonia axyridis), an invasive species in Poland sampled in three of the country's cities. Of Asiatic origin, this ladybird has been spreading through other continents, including Europe. Results showed that the Polish cities are being invaded by harlequin ladybirds that are uniform in terms of their genetic pool, with no significant genetic differentiation present between the urban populations investigated. Rapid spread and what are probably the large numbers of individuals colonising new areas allow this species to maintain high genetic diversity and avoid bottleneck effects. However, we suggest that urban populations differ in terms of genetic diversity. The highest genetic diversity characterises the most recently invaded area of Olsztyn in the north of Poland. Genetic data further suggest that this population could be still in an expansion phase. The earliest colonising population in Wrocław exhibits signs of a Wahlund effect, suggesting that gene flow among local groups within this urban area could be disturbed or impaired. We conclude that, in the case of an urban population of the harlequin ladybird, successful colonisation is followed by the onset of a decline in genetic diversity, with isolation between local sampling sites appearing. Further studies are required, however, if this process is to be elucidated.

The extinct ant genera Stigmomyrmex Mayr and Stiphromyrmex Wheeler (subfamily Myrmicinae) were described from the Baltic amber (Late Eocene, Priabonian, ca. 34–38 Ma). A new species, Stigmomyrmex rugulosus sp. nov., is described from the Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers, and a neotype of Stiphromyrmex robustus (Mayr) is designated. Additionally, we found from the Bitterfeld amber three more specimens of S. venustus Mayr, previously the only known species of the genus. S. rugulosus well differs from S. venustus by the presence of longitudinal rugulosity on the head dorsum, mesosoma and waist, and by the presence of numerous suberect hairs on the legs.

Four braconid species from Madagascar described by Ch. Granger and G. Szépligeti in the genus Bracon are reclassified. A new genus, Grangerbracon gen. nov. (Braconidae: Braconinae) with the type species Bracon quinqueareolatus Granger, 1949, is described and illustrated. Bracon biareolatus Granger, 1949 and B. madagascariensis Szépligeti, 1913 are assigned to the genus Sculptolobus Yang, van Achterberg et Chen, 2008. Bracon griseopubescens Granger, 1949 is attributed to the subgenus Asiabracon Tobias, 1957. The lectotype for Bracon quinqueareolatus Granger is designated. All the listed species are redescribed, illustrated and their position is discussed.

Two new species of Aprostocetus, A. ficicolae sp. nov. and A. malloticolae sp. nov. are described from northern India. The new species are parasitoids of psylloids, Pauropsylla ficicola Kieffer and Trioza malloticola (Crawford) (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Triozidae) which cause leaf galls on Ficus roxburghii Wallich and Mallotus philippensis, Mueller Argoviensis respectively, both important multipurpose trees in India.

Adults of two new species of biting midges in the subgenera Lepidohelea Kieffer and Metaforcipomyia Saunders of the genus Forcipomyia Meigen, F. (L.) ivani sp. nov. and F. (M.) aidae sp. nov., are described from specimens collected in Imbabura province, Ecuador at 2,320 meters above sea level. Color photographs and illustrations are provided of males and females of both new species which are compared with similar, related congeners in their respective subgenera. We also provide the first record of F. (Forcipomyia) catarinensis Marino & Spinelli from Ecuador.

The two European species of vertebrate blood-feeding biting midges of the subgenus Lasiohelea Kieffer, 1921 of the genus Forcipomyia Meigen, 1918 are taxonomically reviewed. They are Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) velox (Winnertz, 1852), whose adult females feed on amphibians, and F. (L.) sibirica (Buyanova, 1962), which obtain blood from humans. Adults of both species are diagnosed, redescribed and illustrated. Forcipomyia sibirica is a boreo-montane Palearctic species which, in Europe, mostly occurs in mountain areas, and is very similar to the eastern Palearctic F. (L.) nipponica (Tokunaga, 1940). Forcipomyia velox is common in western Palearctic lowlands. Forcipomyia (L.) cultella (Yu et Xiang, in Yu 1988) from China is recognized as a junior synonym of F. velox (Winnertz, 1852), and F. (L.) ussurica Remm, 1971 from the Russian Far East is recognized as a junior synonym of F. (L.) longicornis (Tokunaga, 1940) from Japan. New synonymies. Forcipomyia sibirica from Romania and F. longicornis from North Korea are reported for the first time.

The placement of the tribe Gastropini within the subfamily Gymnomyzinae, with the tribe Gymnomyzini as a sister-group, is supported. Validity for two genera Gastrops Williston and Notacanthina Macquart (senior synonym of Beckeriella Williston) is maintained. Particular characters of their proboscis, ventral receptacle and the male terminalia are presented. A key to species and habitus photographs of selected species of Gastrops and Notacanthina are provided. The following new combinations are proposed: Notacanthina clypeata (Lizarralde de Grosso, 1986), comb. nov., N. fasciata (Mathis & Grimaldi, 2000), comb. nov., N. filipina (Lizarralde de Grosso, 1994), comb. nov., N. gigas (Lizarralde de Grosso, 1986), comb. nov., N. longiventris (Lizarralde de Grosso, 1990), comb. nov., N. maculata (Mathis & Grimaldi, 2000), comb. nov., N. magnicornis (Cresson, 1934), comb. nov., N. paragigas (Lizarralde de Grosso 1991a), comb. nov., N. parapendicornis (Lizarralde de Grosso, 1992), comb. nov., N. pendicornis (Cresson, 1934), comb. nov., N. pseudoclypeata (Lizarralde de Grosso, 1991), comb. nov., N. schildi (Cresson, 1934), comb. nov., N. wirthi (Lizarralde de Grosso, 1998), comb. nov. N. brasiliensis (Lizarralde de Grosso, 1998) is treated as an invalid name of N. wirthi (Lizarralde de Grosso, 1998).

Amathobius Gebien, 1920 (type species: Amathobius glyptopterus Koch, 1963) is revised and illustrated. The genus is a member of a monophyletic subtribe Stizopina (Tenebrionidae: Opatrini). The following new species are described: Amathobius ignatii and A. kaminskii. The genus Amathobius consists of six species distributed in Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa. The identification key is provided to all known species of the genus.