Present paper is the first consolidated work on the Indian and Sri Lankan Trictenotomidae beetles, a peculiar, small and rare family of Coleoptera, providing re-descriptions, information on types, as well as images, distribution records and identification key. A total of five species (Autocrates aeneus (Westwood, 1846), Trictenotoma childreni Gray, 1832, T. grayii Smith, 1851, T. mniszechi Deyrolle, 1875, and T. templetonii Westwood, 1848) of the family Trictenotomidae have been examined from India and Sri Lanka. India harbors four species, of which three belong to the genus Trictenotoma Gray, 1832 and single species in the genus Autocrates Thomson, 1860. Sri Lanka has only one rare and endemic species, namely Trictenotoma templetonii Westwood, 1848. The lectotype for Trictenotoma aenea Westwood, 1846 (= Autocrates aeneus (Westwood, 1846)) has been designated and situation surrounding the author of Autocrates aeneus is clarified and fixed during the present study. For Trictenotoma childreni Gray, 1832, T. templetoni Westwood, 1848 and T. grayii Smith, 1851 specimens that were labelled as ‘Type’ or ‘Syntype’, were fixed as holotype by monotypy. Similarly lectotype designations have been done for Trictenotoma mniszechi Deyrolle, 1875.