The osseous elements of the foot and ankle are described and illustrated in detail for the Hispaniolan solenodon, Solenodon paradoxus Brandt, 1833, one of two extant species of the lipotyphlan family Solenodontidae. Comparisons are made with the same elements in representatives of the three remaining extant families of lipotyphlans, the soricid Crocidura luna Dollman, 1910, the talpid Parascalops breweri (Bachman, 1842), and the erinaceid Erinaceus europaeus Linnaeus, 1758. The muscles attaching to the osseous elements of the foot in lipotyphlans are summarized based on the literature. The solenodon foot is generalized but with a unique modification regarding the entocuneiform: it has an elongate medial spur with a sizeable facet for the astragalar head. The other lipotyphlans studied have a medial spur of the entocuneiform, but it is well separated from the astragalus by the navicular. Crocidura luna also has a remarkable modification; the ectal facets on the astragalus and calcaneus have opposing concavoconvex surfaces.

Measurements of all osseous elements of the foot were collected in the four lipotyphlans studied here. Various indices, the vast majority of which were taken from the literature, were calculated from these measurements. Metrical data were combined with those from prior studies that included relevant pedal measurements of lipotyphlans and some clades outside of Lipotyphla. Two Principal Components Analyses were performed to illustrate our data with regard to those of prior studies.

We name and describe a new species of Anura, Pristimantis iiap, from the lowlands of the Peruvian Amazon, and allocate it to the Pristimantis conspicillatus group (sensu Padial et al. 2014). The new species was collected along the Sepahua River, a small tributary of the Urubamba River (Departamento Ucayali, Peru) running west from the slopes of the Fitzcarrald Arch. Individuals were found active at night in the understory of evergreen lowland forest with high density of bamboo (Guadua spp.). The new species is characterized by having complete and conspicuous dorsolateral folds, a slightly granular belly, a first finger slightly shorter than second, with large discs on fingers and toes (especially Fingers III and IV), a bright orange groin, and by lacking well-defined orange spots on the back of thighs and shanks. The advertisement call is composed of a single pulsed note with an average of 15 pulses/note, a pulse rate of 205 pulses/s, an average call length of 75 ms, and average fundamental and dominant frequencies of 1857 Hz and 3690 Hz, respectively. Pristimantis iiap occurs in sympatry with three other species of the group, P. buccinator (Rodríguez, 1994), P. fenestratus (Steindachner, 1864), and P. skydmainos (Flores and Rodríguez, 1997). Although only known from two close localities, we expect P. iiap to occur in similar forests along the Fitzcarrald Arch and on the eastern slopes of Cordillera Vilcabamba and Cordillera del Sira.

Twenty-one species of small mammals are recognized from the Observation Quarry fauna including four new species: the lipotyphlans Lanthanotherium observatum (Erinaceidae), Antesorex wilsoni (Soricidae), and Scalopoides hutchisoni (Talpidae), and the rodent Mioheteromys subterior (Heteromyidae). Due to more complete material, emended diagnoses are provided for the plesiosoricid Plesiosorex greeni Martin and Lim, 2004, and cricetid rodent Copemys lindsayi Sutton and Korth, 1995. Of the 21 species recognized, seven are unique to this faunal assemblage, six are restricted to the Hemingfordian, seven are known elsewhere only from the Barstovian or later, and one is known from both the Hemingfordian and Barstovian. The small mammals suggest that the Observation Quarry contains a transitional Hemingfordian-Barstovian fauna with a greater number of species from the latter, supporting an early Barstovian age.