From 2016 to 2018, four males of Saitis tauricus Kulczyński, 1905 were recorded in the northernmost province of Italy, Bozen – South Tyrol. These findings were made by chance in urban areas of the capital city of Bozen/Bolzano and the city of Meran/Merano, and represent the first findings of this species for South Tyrol and Italy. No females were recorded so far. Photos of the habitus and pedipalps are given. We assume that the specimens could have been imported several times from Balkan countries such as Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia and Turkey, or from Hungary. They may have formed a short-time population of S. tauricus for South Tyrol, as the findings of the males were made in three consecutive years. These findings are very similar to those of S. barbipes in Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands. More investigations are needed to understand how this species arrived in the area of South Tyrol and if it has established successfully.

A female specimen of Poltys (Araneidae) is reported from southern Iran, representing the first record of the genus for the whole Middle East and its westernmost record in the entire Asian region. The specimen was identified as Poltys nagpurensisTikader, 1982, previously known only from central and western India. Since the Iranian specimen differs in habitus morphology (but not in the epigyne), a brief description and comparison to the holotype with photos of the habitus and copulatory organs are provided.

The following new Zodarion species are described from Italy: Zodarion pantaleonii Bosmans & Pantini spec. nov. and Z. pseudonigriceps Bosmans & Pantini spec. nov., both from Sardinia, Z. montesacrense Bosmans spec. nov. and Z. valentii Bosmans, Loverre & Addante spec. nov., both from Puglia, Z. valentii also occurs in Sicily. Zodarion sp., described from Greece in 2009, is the unknown female of Zodarion zorbaBosmans, 2009. Zodarion gracilitibiale Denis, 1934 is new for Italy. New records for 43 other European Zodarion species are presented.

During field trips made to investigate the dysderid fauna of Turkey, specimens of Dysdera sultaniDeeleman-Reinhold, 1988, previously known from males only, were collected. Detailed descriptions and photographs of the copulatory organs of both sexes are given. In addition, photographs of some closely related Anatolian species are included.

The as yet unknown egg sac and clutch of Paratrachelas maculatus (Thorell, 1875) is described together with new records of the species from Germany and Austria. The flat, lens-like egg sacs contained 5 to 7 eggs, each approximately 0.75 mm in diameter, and were camouflaged with substrate by the female. Based on known records and locations, the species is most probably established in urban regions of Central Europe.

Spiders eating diaspores (seeds and fruits) from myrmecochorous plants – i.e. those adapted to distribution by ants – is recorded here for the first time as a new case of herbivory in these typical predators. Having found seeds of Costus dubius (Afzel.) K. Schum. (1904) trapped in the web of a Parasteatoda spider (Theridiidae), tests with available myrmecochorous seeds and spiders in the greenhouses of the Botanical garden of the P. J. Šafárik University in Košice (Slovakia) were carried out. Parasteatoda spiders can actively collect C. dubius seeds near their webs and feed on them for a long time. Diaspores with elaiosomes (nutrient-rich appendages) from five other myrmecochorous plant species thrown directly into webs of Parasteatoda sp. and Uloborus plumipes Lucas, 1846 (Uloboridae), another spider species very abundant at this location, were also consumed. These initial observations show that the special chemical composition of elaiosomes, which imitates insect prey primarily for ants, can be attractive for some spider species too. Considering the tested taxa, in the case of Uloboridae contact with such food sources is improbable in their typical niches. However, at least some Theridiidae could also consume myrmecochorous diaspores in nature, especially if they are near source plants or paths of ants transporting these diaspores.

A redescription of males of Neobisium (N.) moreoticum from Georgia is provided. Notes on its morphological variability and geographical distribution in Georgia are given.

Filistata seclusa O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885, a species described from Himalayas was thought to be based on immature specimens. The study of one of the syntypes revealed that it is an adult female, which is selected as the lectotype and re-described. Somatic and endogyne morphology indicate that this species belongs to PholcoidesRoewer, 1960, a genus known only from two species from Afghanistan (P. afghanaRoewer, 1960) and adjacent Tajikistan (P. monticola (Spassky, 1941)). Therefore, a new combination is proposed for the species: Pholcoides seclusa (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) comb. nov. Comparative figures are given for all three species as well as a map of distribution of the genus.

First records are given for Schleswig-Holstein (Agyneta mollis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871), Carorita limnaea (Crosby & Bishop, 1927), Ceraticelus bulbosus Emerton, 1882 and Erigonoplus foveatus (Dahl, 1912)), as well as for Hamburg (A. mollis). New records of lost species for Hamburg (Calositticus inexpectus (Logunov & Kronestedt, 1997)), Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Ero cambridgei Kulczyński, 1911) and Schleswig-Holstein (Clubiona juvenis Simon, 1878) are added. Further evidence for the occurrence of C. juvenis in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern is given.

An analysis of data on the distribution of the rare spider species Gnaphosa badia (L. Koch, 1866) (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) is presented. Until recently, this species had been recorded in the Carpathian Mountains at two localities: Mt. Chorna Hora (Ukraine, Volcanic Ridge) and the Rodna Mountains (Romania). It was subsequently discovered that the species occurs within the subalpine and alpine zones of the Ukrainian (Eastern) Carpathians, in the Chornohora and Rakhiv Mountain massifs. Part of the material was included in a checklist of the spiders of the Chornohora Mountain massif. The species compositions of the alpine and subalpine spider communities, which include G. badia, are given. The total distribution of the species is discussed and shown on a map.

The current checklist of spiders from Left-Bank Ukraine includes 741 species in 270 genera and 34 families. The families Linyphiidae (215 species, 29% of the fauna), Gnaphosidae (83 species, 11%) and Salticidae (79 species, 11%) are the most species-rich. The Linyphiidae species diversity declines from north to south – from 33% of the fauna in the forest zone to 16% of the fauna in the bunchgrass steppe subzone. In contrast, the proportion of Gnaphosidae increases from 7% to 13%, respectively. A total of 407 spider species was recorded from the forest natural zone, 515 species from the forest-steppe, 583 species from the forb-bunchgrass steppe subzone of the steppe zone and 375 species from the bunchgrass steppe subzone. In terms of administrative division, the araneofauna of the Donetsk Region is the richest with 514 species, the faunas of the Kharkiv (426 species), Luhansk (402 species) and Chernihov (391 species) regions follow it. The poorest is the Zaporizhzhia Region with 122 species. In total, spiders have been collected at 269 localities and the results have been published in 369 papers. Faunistic and ecological studies are the main directions of arachnological research in Left-Bank Ukraine.

New cases of phoresy by chernetids (Pseudoscorpiones: Chernetidae) are documented from Slovakia and Austria. Pseudoscorpion phoresy involving Heteroptera as a host is documented for the first time in Slovakia, as well as a case of phoresy by the genus Pselaphochernes Beier, 1932. Three chernetid species were observed for the first time as phoretic in Austria on Mecoptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera.

During a survey of spiders in the protected area of Montaña de La Breña (La Palma, Canary Islands), a total of 54 species from 24 families were recorded. Porrhoclubiona minor, Leptodrassus albidus, Macarophaeus varius, Silhouettella loricatula and Ballus chalybeius are reported for the first time for La Palma.

Redescriptions of the pseudoscorpion species (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) Olpium lindbergiBeier, 1959 (Olpiidae) and Geogarypus shuloviBeier, 1963 (Geogarypidae) are provided. Additionally, distribution data for ten species belonging to three families, Olpiidae, Menthidae and Geogarypidae, occurring in Lorestan province (western Iran) are provided. Olpium lindbergi is recorded for the first time in Iran.

The dictynid spider Brigittea civica (Lucas, 1850) was recorded in Northern Bavaria for the first time since the 1960s, at numerous localities. The locations of the new records are described in detail and the records are discussed in a broader context.

A new species, Agyneta inermis spec. nov., is described, based on two males from Italy and Greece. The new species is very similar to the Iranian A. iranicaTanasevitch, 2011 (first record for Turkmenistan), but differs in structural details of the male palp, primarily by the absence of a tooth at the base of the embolus.

Two generic names recently described by J. Prószyński were found to be junior subjective synonyms: Pseudomogrus Simon, 1937 = Logunyllus Prószyński, 2016syn. nov., Hermosa Peckham & Peckham, 1892 = Myrmavola Prószyński, 2016 syn. nov. This causes numerous new and a few revalidated combinations. The systematics of Myrmarachne MacLeay, 1839 s. lat. is briefly discussed as well as other recent nomenclatorical acts by J. Prószyński.