Two species of the genus DipluraC. L. Koch, 1850, described from the Brazilian Amazon region: Diplura nigra (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896) and Diplura sanguinea (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896), are redescribed based on the examination of types and abundant new Amazonian material. The males of D. nigra and D. sanguinea are described for the first time, ecological data is presented and, for the first time, the female spermathecae are illustrated. New distributional data for these species is presented from the Amazonian region. We also give a short summary of species placements within Diplura based on the dorsal colour of the opisthosoma.