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1 September 2003 Influenza A Virus Surveillance in Wild Birds in Northern Europe in 1999 and 2000
R. A M. Fouchier, B. Olsen, T. M. Bestebroer, S. Herfst, L. van der Kemp, G. F. Rimmelzwaan, A. D M. E. Osterhaus
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

Using reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we have screened more than 8500 wild birds in Northern Europe in 1999 and 2000 for the presence of influenza A virus. Although our primary focus was on ducks, geese, and shorebirds, we have also tested thousands of samples from other bird species. Approximately 1% of our samples were positive for influenza A virus by RT-PCR, and from half of these we were able to isolate influenza A virus in embryonated chicken eggs. A wide variety of isolates was obtained representing hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes 1 through 7, 10, 11, 13, an unidentifiable HA, and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes 1 through 8.

R. A M. Fouchier, B. Olsen, T. M. Bestebroer, S. Herfst, L. van der Kemp, G. F. Rimmelzwaan, and A. D M. E. Osterhaus "Influenza A Virus Surveillance in Wild Birds in Northern Europe in 1999 and 2000," Avian Diseases 47(s3), 857-860, (1 September 2003). https://doi.org/10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.857
Received: 14 April 2002; Published: 1 September 2003
KEYWORDS
avian influenza
Bird
orthomyxovirus
PCR
poultry
subtype
surveillance
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