A
adenovirus-1
causes gizzard erosion in broilers in Germany, 159
aerosol transmission
of H9N2 AI virus in chickens, 645
aflatoxins
effects on broiler performance and pancreatic function, 280
Agelaius phoeniceus
immune response to West Nile virus, 285
Alectoris rufa
colibacillosis outbreak on farm, 143
Anas platyrhynchos
infectivity and pathogenicity of Newcastle disease viruses, 8
anomalous pulmonary venous connection
in a chicken, 140
antibiotics
in broiler feed in southeastern US, 640
antibody response
to turkey herpesvirus vector Newcastle disease vaccine, 750
antimicrobial resistance
of avian pathogenic E. coli in Egypt, 602
anti-reticuloendotheliosis virus antibody
detection with blocking ELISA, 71
Ardea cinerea
mycobacteriosis, 703
Argentina
mixed Marek's disease and reticuloendotheliosis infections, 569
normal blood values for imperial cormorants, 737
arthropods
ectoparasites in wild birds in Italy, 756
artificial insemination
turkeys infected with Pasteurella multocida, 693
astrovirus
recent progress in characterization, 573
avian enteric viruses
recent progress in characterization, 573
avian influenza, H5N1
transmission by houseflies to chickens, 266
transmission from tree sparrows to chickens, 205
avian influenza, H9N2
conjunctivitis model for vaccine efficacy, 83
avian influenza, highly pathogenic
transmission by houseflies to chickens, 266
transmission from tree sparrows to chickens, 205
avian influenza, low pathogenic
prevalence in eastern Chinese live bird markets, 155
avian influenza viruses
isolated in wild ducks and feathers in Minnesota, 677
avian influenza viruses, H5N1
variations in HA, NA, and NS genes found in Romania, 612
avian influenza viruses, H6N2
response to inoculation in wild water birds, 581
avian influenza viruses, H7N1
virulence of isolates from mallards in turkeys, 790
avian influenza viruses, H9N2
aerosol transmission in chickens, 645
avian influenza viruses, highly pathogenic
variations in HA, NA, and NS genes found in Romania, 612
avian influenza viruses, low pathogenicity
aerosol transmission in chickens, 645
presence in zoos in Ohio, 657
response to inoculation in wild water birds, 581
virulence of isolates from mallards in turkeys, 790
avian leukosis viruses
isolation and sequence analysis in Taiwan, 172
avian paramyxovirus-1
in tracheas of experimentally and naturally infected chickens, 36
isolates from pigeons in Russian Federation, 2
avian paramyxovirus-2
detection in wild birds in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 780
avian reovirus
and Mycoplasma synoviae rapid detection with multiplex PCR, 220
avipoxviruses
and avian malaria co-infections in passerines in New Zealand, 109
and REV provirus cause lymphomas, 812
B
backyard poultry flocks
causes of mortality in northern California, 311
monitoring diseases in Maryland, 233
surveillance for diseases in Maryland, 587
bacterial artificial chromosome
developed from very virulent 686 strain of Marek's disease virus, 469
transposition in Meleagrid herpesvirus 1, 380
bacterin-toxoid
use in vaccine for clostridial dermatitis, 214
baculoviruses
use in a multivalent infectious bursal disease vaccine, 41
biosecurity practices
monitoring backyard poultry flocks in Maryland, 233
blackbird, red-winged
immune response to West Nile virus, 285
blocking enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay
for REV antibody using envelope protein, 71
blood chemistry
baseline values for imperial cormorants, 737
Bordetella hinzii
PCR for identification, 307
Brazil
detection of avian paramyxoviruses in resident and migratory birds, 780
new genotype of infectious bronchitis virus, 225
broiler chickens
Campylobacter infections in fast- and slow-growing breeds, 238
characterization of E. coli isolates in Egypt, 602
effects of aflatoxins on pancreas and performance, 280
effects of medication in feed on Salmonella sp., 640
failure of Arkansas-type infectious bronchitis vaccine, 248
gizzard erosions caused by fowl adenovirus-1, 159
in ovo vaccination for infectious laryngotracheitis, 523
nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis outbreak, 65
parvovirus-induced runting-stunting syndrome, 123
pathogenicity of Chlamydia psittaci isolates, 242
persistence and tissue distribution of infectious bursal disease viruses, 759
preventing outbreaks of infectious laryngotracheitis, 803
reovirus infection causes pancreatic damage, 321
susceptibility and response of different breeds to necrotic enteritis infection, 684
use of DEXA for assessing Eimeria infection, 199
broiler breeders
prevalence of Salmonella sp. in environment, 634
brown-headed cowbirds
infested with hunchback mites, 818
C
Caco-2 cells, polarized
role of motAB in adherence and internalization, 116
California
Egg Quality Assurance Program, 51
California, northern
causes of mortality in backyard flocks, 311
very virulent infectious bursal disease outbreak, 76
Callipepla californica
Clostridium sordellii causes ulcerative enteritis, 698
Campylobacter jejuni
role of motAB in adherence and internalization, 116
Campylobacter spp.
outcomes of infection in different broiler breed, 238
cardiac abnormality, congenital
chicken with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, 140
ceftiofur
influence on survival of herpesvirus of turkeys in vaccines, 437
cell-associated vaccines
against Marek's disease virus, 448
cellulitis
in male turkeys, 730
vaccine from Clostridium septicum bacterin-toxoid, 214
chicken anemia virus
quantitation of viruses in organs of chickens, 532
chickens
aerosol transmission of H9N2 AI virus, 645
antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolates in Zimbabwe, 152
contaminated infectious anemia vaccines, 15
cross-protective immune responses to Korean variant of IBV, 667
efficacy of Escherichia coli O78:K80 vaccine, 273
H9N2 AI virus in respiratory tract, 645
new genotype of infectious bronchitis in Brazil, 225
pathogenicity of Chlamydia psittaci isolates, 242
role of ribonuclease reductase in Marek's disease, 178
shedding of very virulent Newcastle disease viruses, 303
source of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infection in raptors, 688
transmission of avian influenza by houseflies, 266
transmission of HPAI from Eurasian tree sparrows, 205
use of turkey herpesvirus vector vaccine, 192
vaccine for laryngotracheitis, 192
with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, 140
China
prevalence of low pathogenic avian influenza in live bird markets, 155
Chinese ring-necked pheasants
safety of lasalocid for coccidiosis, 188
Chlamydia psittaci
virulence in chickens, 242
cleavage/packaging signals
in Marek's disease viruses, 401
clostridial dermatitis
immunosuppression and stress in male turkeys, 730
vaccine from Clostridium septicum bacterin-toxoid, 214
Clostridium perfringens
response in various broiler breeds to necrotic enteritis, 684
Clostridium septicum
vaccine using bacterin-toxoid, 214
Clostridium sordellii
enteritis in quail, 698
Clostridium spp.
stress and cellulitis in male turkeys, 730
coccidiosis
protecting chickens using gel beads or spray vaccination, 622
safety of lasalocid in Chinese ring-necked pheasants, 188
use of DEXA to assess impact in broilers, 199
colibacillosis
antimicrobial resistance in chickens from Zimbabwe, 152
outbreak in farmed red-legged partridges, 143
vaccine using attenuated Salmonella delivery system, 88
Colinus virginianus
Clostridium sordellii causes ulcerative enteritis, 698
Columba livia
naturally occurring neoplasms in research colony, 133
pigeon paramyxoviruses-1 isolated in Russia, 2
rapid test for detecting Trichomonas spp., 800
conjunctivitis
H9N2 avian influenza vaccine model, 83
coronavirus, turkey
effect on egg production in turkeys, 650
infections in quail with respiratory and reproductive signs, 295
recent progress in characterization, 573
Coturnix coturnix japonica
coronavirus infections, 295
protection against nephrotoxicity by sea buckthorn, 767
cowbirds, brown-headed
immune response to West Nile virus, 285
cross protection
elicited by Korean variant of infectious bronchitis virus, 667
cross-species infection
H7N1 AIV from mallards to turkeys, 790
Cygnus olor
deaths caused by Streptocara incognita, 147
D
degranulation
immune response in cowbirds to West Nile virus, 285
Delmarva Peninsula
nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis outbreak in broilers, 65
dexamethasone
immunosuppression model for clostridial dermatitis, 730
diagnostic test
for Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, 663
digestive enzymes
effect of aflatoxins in broilers, 280
disease prevalence
in backyard poultry in Maryland, 587
disinfection
of farm after infectious laryngotracheitis outbreak, 803
DNA methylation
and gene expression, 366
down-regulates EGRF, 366
drag swab sampling
for detection of environmental Salmonella, 22
dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
assessing the impact of Eimeria infections, 199
duck Tembusu virus
detection with one step SYBR Green RT-PCR test, 595
ducks
infectivity and pathogenicity of Newcastle disease viruses, 8
isolation and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii, 128
role in spread of Newcastle disease, 8
ducks, wild
response to inoculation with H6N2 avian influenza viruses, 581
dust, poultry house
monitoring for Marek's disease using qPCR, 544
E
eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus
leukocyte response in wild passerine birds, 744
egg production
effect of coronavirus infection in turkeys, 650
Egypt
characterization of E. coli isolates in broilers, 602
Marek's disease characterization and phylogenetic analysis, 555
Eimeria maxima
response in various broiler breeds to necrotic enteritis, 684
Eimeria spp.
protecting chickens using gel beads or spray vaccination, 622
safety of lasalocid in Chinese ring-necked pheasants, 188
use of DEXA to assess impact in broilers, 199
ELISA, glycoprotein-specific
detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus antibodies, 432
enteritis
in quail caused by Clostridium sordellii, 698
env gene
cloning and expression for REV antibody detection, 71
prevalence of Salmonella sp. in broiler breeder houses, 634
environmental sampling
pooled and individual samples for Salmonella, 22
using qPCR for Marek's disease detection, 544
environmental surveillance
California Egg Quality Assurance Program, 51
FDA Egg Safety Rule, 51
for Salmonella Enteritidis, 51
using qPCR for Marek's disease detection, 544
epidemiology
of Marek's disease worldwide, 483
very virulent infectious bursal disease in California, 76
epidermal growth factor receptor
DNA methylation down-regulation, 366
effect of Marek's disease viruses, 366
Escherichia coli
antimicrobial resistance in chickens from Zimbabwe, 152
immune response to spray vaccine in poultry, 671
Escherichia coli, avian pathogenic
characterization of broiler infections in Egypt, 602
outbreak in farmed red-legged partridges, 143
vaccine using attenuated Salmonella delivery system, 88
Escherichia coli, extraintestinal pathogenic
multilocus sequence analysis and virulence genotyping, 104
Escherichia coli O78:K80 vaccine
efficacy in chickens and turkeys, 273
esophagitis, fatal
caused by Streptocara incognita in mute swans, 147
Eurasian tree sparrows
transmission of H5N1 avian influenza to chickens, 205
F
feather tips
Marek's disease virus levels in vaccinated chickens, 440
feathers
isolation of influenza A viruses in Minnesota, 677
floor litter
role in controlling coccidiosis in newly-hatched chickens, 622
flow cytometry
use in assessing response to live E. coli vaccine, 671
Food and Drug Administration
Egg Safety Rule, 51
fowl adenovirus
identification using 52K gene region, 290
fowl adenovirus-1
causes gizzard erosion in broilers in Germany, 159
fowl typhoid
efficacy of metabolic drift live attenuated vaccine, 29
fowlpox virus
and malaria co-infections in New Zealand birds, 109
with integrated REV provirus cause lymphomas, 812
G
gD glycoprotein
analysis and identification in ILT, 416
gE glycoprotein
analysis and identification in ILT, 416
geese, domestic
detection of Goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus, 797
gel beads
comparison with spray vaccination for controlling coccidiosis, 622
genetic variability
in Romanian H5N1 avian influenza, 612
genomic termini
identification and characterization in Marek's disease viruses, 401
gentamycin
influence on survival of herpesvirus of turkeys in vaccines, 437
geographic restriction
unique population of infectious bursal disease viruses, 57
Germany
broiler gizzard erosions caused by fowl adenovirus-1, 159
gI glycoprotein
analysis and identification in ILT, 416
gizzard erosion
caused by fowl adenovirus-1 in broilers, 159
glycoprotein J gene
deletion in infectious laryngotracheitis vaccines, 523
glycoprotein L gene
effect of deletion in field strains of Marek's disease viruses, 509
Goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus
detection in domestic geese, 797
grey heron
mycobacteriosis, 703
gulls
response to inoculation with H6N2 avian influenza viruses, 581
H
Harpirhynchos quasimodo
cause lesions in brown-headed cowbirds, 818
helminth infections
in wild birds in Italy, 756
hematology
baseline values for imperial cormorants, 737
hemorrhagic enteritis
detection in domestic geese, 797
real-time PCR for detection in turkeys, 300
herpesvirus
proteomics, 351
role of microRNAs in pathogenicity, 332
herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT)
inaction with Marek's disease virus, 372
inhibition of Toll-like receptor 2-mediated NF-κ;B, 409
resistance of genome to transposition, 380
survival in presence of antibiotics in vaccines, 437
Hippophae rhamnoides
protection from nephrotoxicity in Japanese quail, 767
hock joint swelling
caused by reovirus in turkeys, 97
houseflies
as vectors for H5N1 avian influenza to chickens, 266
hunchback mites
cause lesions in brown-headed cowbirds, 818
I
immune response
against E. coli with a spray vaccine, 671
immunohistochemistry
detection of Newcastle disease viruses in tracheas, 36
immunosuppression
stress and clostridial dermatitis in turkeys, 730
imperial cormorants
normal hematologic and blood chemistry values, 737
incidence
of Marek's disease worldwide, 483
infectious anemia virus
contaminated commercial vaccines, 15
infectious bronchitis vaccine
and bivalent Marek's disease vaccine, 498
infectious bronchitis virus
characterization of nephropathogenic strain, 65
cross-protective immune responses to Korean variant, 667
new genotype in Brazil, 225
infectious bronchitis virus, Arkansas-type
vaccine failure in broilers, 248
infectious bursal disease
multivalent virus-like–particle vaccine, 41
infectious bursal disease, very virulent
epidemiological study of California outbreak, 76
infectious bursal disease viruses
geographically restricted populations in Ohio, 57
persistence and tissue distribution in broilers, 759
virus isolation and presence of viral RNA, 759
infectious laryngotracheitis
detection of virus and prevention of new outbreak, 803
prevalence in Maryland backyard poultry, 587
infectious laryngotracheitis virus
analysis and identification of membrane proteins, 416
detection of antibodies by glycoprotein-specific ELISA, 432
in ovo vaccination of broilers, 523
use of glycoprotein J gene-deleted strain for vaccination, 523
use of turkey herpesvirus vector vaccine in chickens, 192
insect vectors
role in avipoxvirus and malaria infections in passerines in New Zealand, 109
interstitial nephritis
caused by nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus, 65
Iraq
prevalence of Marek's disease in different provinces, 562
J
Japanese quail
coronavirus infections, 295
protection against nephrotoxicity by sea buckthorn, 767
JBJ-1 cell lines
use for growing vaccines strains against Marek's disease, 448
L
lameness in turkeys
isolation and characterization of reovirus, 97
lasalocid
safety in Chinese ring-necked pheasants, 188
latency
in Marek's disease, 360
layer houses
surveillance for Salmonella Enteritidis, 51
layers
genetic resistance to Marek's disease in different lines, 519
lymphomas caused by REV–integrated fowlpox virus, 812
Marek's disease and reticuloendotheliosis mixed infections, 569
Marek's disease mortality, 395
lentivirus vector
inhibits Newcastle disease virus replication, 260
leukocyte profile
in eastern equine encephalomyelitis infections in birds, 744
live bird markets
prevalence of low pathogenic avian influenza in China, 155
loop-mediated isothemal amplification
for differentiation of Marek's disease serotypes, 539
lymphoid organ atrophy
and meq-deleted rMd5 Marek's disease vaccine, 491
lymphomas
in layers with reticuloendotheliosis virus–integrated fowlpox virus infection, 812
M
major histocompatibility complex
increase in virulence of Marek's disease virus, 474
major histocompatibility complex haplotypes
increased resistance to Marek's disease, 519
malaria, avian
and poxvirus co-infections in passerines in New Zealand, 109
Malaysia
Toxoplasma gondii in free-range ducks, 128
mallard
transmission of low pathogenic avian influenza to turkeys, 790
mallard ducklings
infectivity and pathogenicity of Newcastle disease viruses, 8
role in spread of Newcastle disease, 8
Marek's disease
current state of research in microRNAs, 332
genomic regions associated with mortality in layers, 395
identification and characterization of ribonuclease reductase, 178
increasing resistance by selective breeding of layers, 519
interplay of MDV and HVT on expression, 372
PCR test for detecting viruses in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, 785
quantitation of viruses in organs of chickens, 532
review of latency, 360
review of tumorigenesis, 360
status in United States and worldwide, 483
Marek's disease vaccine
properties of meq-deleted rMd5, 491
Marek's disease vaccine, bivalent
does not interfere with other vaccines, 498
Marek's disease vaccine, Rispens/CVI988
viral kinetics, shedding profile, and transmission, 454
Marek's disease virus
and epidermal growth factor receptor in chickens, 366
cleavage/packaging signals, 401
deletion of ribonucleotide reductase, 464
effect of deletion of glycoprotein L gene, 509
identification and characterization of genomic termini, 401
identification of neurovirulence factor, 387
influence of host genetics on evolution of virulence, 474
insertion of reticuloendotheliosis virus LTR, 427
interaction with herpesvirus of turkeys, 372
meq gene sequences in Iraqi strains, 562
mixed infections with reticuloendotheliosis virus, 569
molecular characterization of Egyptian strains, 555
pathogenesis and pp38 gene, 503
review of morphogenesis, 340
Marek's disease virus serotypes
detection and differentiation methods, 539
Marek's disease virus, very virulent
levels in poultry dust and feather tips in vaccinated chickens, 440
effect of vaccine strains on shedding and replication, 440
Marek's disease virus, very virulent 686 strain
development of a bacterial artificial chromosome, 469
Maryland
monitoring backyard poultry flock for diseases, 233
surveillance for poultry diseases, 587
mass spectrometry
use in proteomics, 351
Meleagrid herpesvirus-1
resistance of genome to transposition, 380
meq-deleted rMd5 Marek's disease vaccine
protection against very virulent form, 491
meq gene
sequence variation in Iraqi Marek's disease viruses, 562
metabolic drift mutation
use in live vaccine for fowl typhoid, 29
microRNA
research into pathogenicity of Marek's disease viruses, 332
Minnesota
isolation of influenza A viruses in wild ducks and feathers, 677
mites, harpirhynchid
infestation in brown-headed cowbirds, 818
Molothrus ater
immune response to West Nile virus, 285
infested with hunchback mites, 818
monitoring methods
using qPCR for Marek's disease detection, 544
morphogenesis
in Marek's disease virus, review, 340
mortality
and genomic regions in Marek's disease viruses, 395
backyard flocks in northern California, 311
motAB
role in adherence and internalization in Caco-2 cells, 116
role in cecal colonization of Campylobacter jejuni, 116
multilocus sequence typing
of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli, 104
multiplex PCR
test for rapid detection of Mycoplasma synoviae and avian reovirus, 220
multiplex real-time PCR
for quantification of virus in herpesvirus infections, 532
Musca domestica
as vectors for H5N1 avian influenza to chickens, 266
mute swans
deaths caused by Streptocara incognita, 147
mycobacteriosis
in grey heron, 703
Mycobacterium avium complex
infection in ostriches with M. bovis, 808
Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium
infection in grey heron, 703
infection in raptors from infected chickens, 688
Mycobacterium bovis
infection in ostriches, 808
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
prevalence in Maryland backyard poultry, 587
Mycoplasma synoviae
and avian reovirus rapid detection with multiplex PCR, 220
N
necrotic enteritis
response of different broilers to infection, 684
neoplasms
naturally occurring in pigeons, 133
nephrotoxicity
caused by ochratoxin A in Japanese quail, 767
protective effect of sea buckthorn in Japanese quail, 767
neurovirulence protein
identified in Marek's disease virus, 387
New Zealand, North Island
avipoxvirus and malaria infections in introduced passerines, 109
Newcastle disease
isolates found in pigeons from Russia, 2
prevalence in Maryland backyard poultry, 587
Newcastle disease vaccine
and bivalent Marek's disease vaccine, 498
Newcastle disease vaccine, LaSota
contains virulent Newcastle virus strains, 316
Newcastle disease vaccine, turkey herpesvirus vector
protection and antibody response, 750
Newcastle disease virus
infectivity and pathogenicity in mallard ducklings, 8
replication inhibition using RNA interference, 260
virus shedding in ducklings, 8
Newcastle disease virus, lentogenic
in tracheas of experimentally and naturally infected chickens, 36
Newcastle disease virus, very virulent
shedding of viruses in vaccinated chickens, 303
Newcastle disease virus, virulent
found in APMV-1 vaccine, 316
nuclear factor-κ;B
inhibition of activation by HVT, 409
O
ochratoxin A
causes nephrotoxicity in quail, 767
Ohio
spread of avian influenza from wild birds to zoo collections, 657
unique infectious bursal disease group identified, 57
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale
real time-polymerase chain reaction assay, 663
ostriches
mycobacteriosis caused by M. bovis and M. avium, 808
oxidative burst
immune response in cowbirds to West Nile virus, 285
P
pancreas
degeneration caused by reovirus infections in broilers, 321
effect of aflatoxins in broilers, 280
parasites
on synanthropic birds in Italy, 756
parvovirus
recent progress in characterization, 573
parvovirus, chicken
induced runting-stunting syndrome in broilers, 123
Passer montanus
transmission of H5N1 avian influenza to chickens, 205
passerine birds
leukocyte response to eastern equine encephalomyelitis, 744
Pasteurella multocida
transmission during artificial insemination in turkeys, 693
pasteurellosis, genital
caused by artificial insemination in turkeys, 693
pathogenicity
effect of glycoprotein L gene deletion in Marek's disease virus, 509
Phalacrocorax atriceps
normal hematologic and blood chemistry values, 737
pharyngitis, fatal
caused by Streptocara incognita in mute swans, 147
Phasianus colchicus
safety of lasalocid for coccidiosis, 188
phylogenetic analysis
of fowl adenoviruses using 52 K region, 290
phylogeography
study of a unique group of infectious bursal disease viruses, 57
picornavirus
recent progress in characterization, 573
pigeons
naturally occurring neoplasms in research colony, 133
pigeon paramyxoviruses-1 isolated in Russia, 2
rapid test for detecting Trichomonas spp., 800
pigeon paramyxovirus serotype 1
isolates from Russia, 2
Plasmodium spp.
and poxvirus co-infections in passerines in New Zealand, 109
pododermatis
in fast- vs. slow-growing broiler chickens, 238
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
for detecting Marek's disease and reticuloendotheliosis viruses in tissue samples, 785
for differentiation of Marek's disease serotypes, 539
for identifying Bordetella hinzii from B. avium, 307
polymerase chain reaction, quantitative real-time
new test for hemorrhagic enteritis virus in turkeys, 300
poultry
test for Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, 663
poultry biologics
history of regulatory requirements, 167
poultry house dust
monitoring for Marek's disease using qPCR, 544
poultry houses
Marek's disease virus levels in dust from vaccinated chickens, 440
prevalence of Salmonella sp., 634
poxvirus
and malaria co-infections in passerines in New Zealand, 109
pp14
neurovirulence protein in Marek's disease virus, 387
pp38 gene
expression and pathogenesis in Marek's disease, 503
prevalence
of Salmonella in broiler breeder houses and scratch areas, 634
of Salmonella in broilers in southeastern US, 640
proteomics
applied to avian herpesviruses, 351
review of basic concepts and technologies, 351
pUS9 membrane protein
analysis and identification in ILT, 416
Q
QT35 cell lines
use for growing vaccines strains against Marek's disease, 448
quail, bobwhite
Clostridium sordellii causes ulcerative enteritis, 698
quail, California Valley
Clostridium sordellii causes ulcerative enteritis, 698
quail, Japanese
coronavirus infections, 295
protection against nephrotoxicity by sea buckthorn, 767
R
raptors
infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium, 688
real-time polymerase chain reaction assay
for detection of Salmonella in environmental samples, 22
for Goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus, 797
serotype-specific for Salmonella, 22
test for Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, 663
real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay
testing for Marek's disease viruses in dust, 544
real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, SYBR Green
for detection of duck Tembusu virus, 595
red-legged partridges
colibacillosis outbreak on farm, 143
regulatory requirements
of poultry biologics, 167
reovirus
cause of turkey arthritis, 97
causes pancreatic degenration in broilers, 321
respiratory tract
H9N2 AI infections in chickens, 645
reticuloendotheliosis provirus
in fowlpox virus causes lymphomas in layers, 812
reticuloendotheliosis virus
and Marek's disease infections in layers, 569
detection of antibody using blocking ELISA, 71
PCR test for detecting viruses in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, 785
reticuloendotheliosis virus long terminal repeat
insertion into Marek's disease virus, 427
ribonuclease reductase
identification and characterization in Marek's disease virus, 178
ribonucleotide reductase
deletion in Marek's disease virus inhibits growth, 464
Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
detection of avian paramyxoviruses in resident and migratory birds, 780
risk management
backyard poultry flocks for diseases, 233
RNA interference
inhibits Newcastle disease virus replication, 260
Romania
variations in HA, NA, and NS genes in H5N1 avian influenza, 612
rotavirus
recent progress in characterization, 573
runting-stunting syndrome
caused by chicken parvovirus, 123
Russian Federation
phylogenetic analysis of avian paramyxoviruses from pigeons, 2
S
Salmonella delivery system
for avian pathogenic Escherichia coli vaccine, 88
Salmonella enterica Enteritidis
detection in environmental samples, 22
environmental surveillance techniques, 51
vaccination using liposome-associated recombinant SefA, 627
Salmonella enterica Gallinarum
efficacy of metabolic drift live attenuated vaccine, 29
Salmonella sp.
effect of medication in broiler feed, 640
prevalence in broiler breeder houses, 634
prevalence of infections in Maryland backyard poultry, 587
sanitation
of farm after infectious laryngotracheitis outbreak, 803
sea buckthorn
protection from nephrotoxicity in Japanese quail, 767
SefA, recombinant
vaccination for Salmonella enterica Enteritidis, 627
sequence analysis
Taiwanese avian leukosis virus, 172
species determination
for fowl adenoviruses using 52K gene region, 290
splice variants
of Marek's disease virus gene pp38, 503
Streptocara incognita
infections and deaths in mute swans, 147
stress
and incidence of clostridial dermatitis in male turkeys, 730
Struthio camelus
mycobacteriosis caused by M. bovis and M. avium, 808
surveillance
backyard flocks in northern California, 311
backyard flocks in Maryland, 233, 587
synanthropic birds
presence of arthropods and helminths, 756
T
Taiwan
avian leukosis virus in chickens, 172
temporal spatial clustering
study of infectious bursal disease outbreak, 76
tissues samples, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded
for detection of Marek's disease and reticuloendotheliosis viruses, 785
Toll-like receptor 2
effect of HVT on NF-κ;B activation, 409
Toxoplasma gondii
isolation and genotyping in Malaysian ducks, 128
tracheas
detection of Newcastle disease viruses using immunohistochemistry, 36
transposition
in Meleagrid herpesvirus 1, 380
Trichomonas gallinae
persistence in distilled and chlorinated water, 681
Trichomonas spp.
detection in pigeons using OSOM Trichomonas Rapid Test, 800
tumorigenesis
in Marek's disease, 360
turkey arthritis reovirus
isolation and characterization, 97
turkey herpesvirus vector
used in Newcastle disease vaccine, 750
turkey herpesvirus vector vaccine
for laryngotracheitis, 192
turkeys
clostridial dermatitis and immunosuppression with dexamethasone, 730
effect of coronavirus infections on egg production, 650
efficacy of Escherichia coli O78:K80 vaccine, 273
genital pasteurellosis caused by artificial insemination, 693
real-time PCR detection for hemorrhagic enteritis, 300
vaccine for cellulitis using bacterin-toxoid, 214
virulence of LPAIV from mallards, 790
Tyzzer, Ernest Edward, 716
V
vaccination
for Salmonella enterica Enteritidis using rSefA, 627
vaccination, in ovo
for infectious laryngotracheitis in broilers, 523
vaccines
efficacy of attenuated Escherichia coli O78:K80, 273
for clostridial dermatitis using bacterin-toxoid, 214
H9N2 avian influenza efficacy testing, 83
history of regulatory requirements, 167
insertion of REV long terminal repeat in Marek's disease virus, 427
viral kinetics, shedding profile, and transmission of Rispens/CVI988, 454
vaccine, contaminated
with chicken infectious anemia viruses, 15
vaccine failure
Arkansas-type infectious bronchitis, 248
vaccine, illegal
found to contain virulent Newcastle virus strains, 316
vaccine immunity
viral shedding after challenge with very virulent Newcastle disease viruses, 303
vaccine, live
for Salmonella Gallinarum, 29
vaccine, live commercial
contaminated with infectious anemia viruses, 15
vaccine, multivalent virus-like–particle
against infectious bursal disease, 41
vaccine, Newcastle disease
turkey herpesvirus vectored, 750
vaccine, spray
comparison with gel beads for controlling coccidiosis, 622
efficacy against colibacillosis, 671
vector vaccine
for laryngotracheitis, 192
viral kinetics
of Rispens/CVI988 Marek's disease vaccine, 454
virulence
increase in Marek's disease caused by host genetics, 474
virulence factors
construction of attenuated Salmonella delivery system for vaccines, 88
virulence genotyping
of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli, 104
virus isolation
Taiwanese avian leukosis virus, 172
virus-like particles
in a multivalent infectious bursal disease vaccine, 41
virus shedding
by ducklings infected with Newcastle disease viruses, 8
in vaccinated chickens after challenge with vvNDV, 303
of Rispens/CVI988 Marek's disease vaccine, 454
W
wading birds
response to inoculation with H6N2 avian influenza viruses, 581
waterers, contaminated
persistence of Trichomonas gallinae, 681
West Nile virus
immune response in cowbirds, 285
wild birds
arthropod and helminth infections in Italy, 756
contaminated waterers and spread of Trichomonas gallinae, 681
detection of avian paramyxoviruses in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 780
leukocyte response to eastern equine encephalomyelitis, 744
spread of avian influenza to zoos in Ohio, 657
wild ducks
isolation of influenza A viruses in Minnesota, 677
wild water birds
response to inoculation with H6N2 avian influenza viruses, 581
