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10 November 2020 Identification, HPG2 Sequence Analysis, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Avibacterium paragallinarum Isolates Obtained from Outbreaks of Infectious Coryza in Commercial Layers in Sonora State, Mexico
Linda Patricia Luna-Castrejón, Rianne Buter, Gabriel Iván Pantoja-Nuñez, Martín Acuña-Yanes, Karla Ceballos-Valenzuela, Martín Talavera-Rojas, Celene Salgado-Miranda, Annet Heuvelink, Sjaak de Wit, Edgardo Soriano-Vargas, Anneke Feberwee
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Abstract

This is the first extensive report on the identification and characterization of Avibacterium paragallinarum (AVP) isolates obtained from outbreaks of infectious coryza (IC) in IC-vaccinated layer flocks from Sonora State in Mexico. Isolates obtained from IC outbreaks during the years 2007, 2014, 2015, 2017, and 2019 were identified by conventional PCR test and 16S rRNA gene analysis, serotyped by Page serotyping and genotyped by the recently described partial sequence analysis of the HPG2 region. Furthermore, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined by a recently improved minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. The conventional PCR test and the 16S rRNA analyses confirmed the isolates as AVP. Serotyping results showed the involvement of isolates belonging to serotypes A, B, and C in the IC outbreaks. Genotyping of the HPG2 region revealed the presence of sequence type (ST)1, ST4, and ST11, of which the latter has also been identified in Europe. The MIC susceptibility test showed that all tested isolates were susceptible for the majority of tested antimicrobials, including erythromycin and tetracycline, which are important antibiotics for the treatment of IC. The IC situation in Sonora State, Mexico, is complex because of the presence of serotypes A, B, and C. This finding emphasizes the importance of biosecurity in combination with the application of the most optimal vaccination programs in the control of IC in Sonora State, Mexico.

Linda Patricia Luna-Castrejón, Rianne Buter, Gabriel Iván Pantoja-Nuñez, Martín Acuña-Yanes, Karla Ceballos-Valenzuela, Martín Talavera-Rojas, Celene Salgado-Miranda, Annet Heuvelink, Sjaak de Wit, Edgardo Soriano-Vargas, and Anneke Feberwee "Identification, HPG2 Sequence Analysis, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Avibacterium paragallinarum Isolates Obtained from Outbreaks of Infectious Coryza in Commercial Layers in Sonora State, Mexico," Avian Diseases 65(1), 95-101, (10 November 2020). https://doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-20-00103
Received: 28 August 2020; Accepted: 30 October 2020; Published: 10 November 2020
KEYWORDS
16S rRNA gene analysis and HPG2 genotyping
antimicrobial susceptibility
Avibacterium paragallinarum
Mexico
Sonora
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