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30 July 2014 The Paradoxical Relationship Between Stallion Fertility and Oxidative Stress
Zamira Gibb, Sarah R. Lambourne, Robert J. Aitken
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Abstract

The relationship between stallion fertility and oxidative stress remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to identify criteria for thoroughbred fertility assessment by performing a logistical regression analysis using “dismount” sperm parameters as predictors and weekly per-cycle conception rate as the dependent variable. Paradoxically, positive relationships between fertility and oxidative stress were revealed, such that samples that produced pregnancies exhibited higher rates of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine release (1490.2% vs. 705.5 pg/ml/24 h) and lower vitality (60.5% vs. 69.6%) and acrosome integrity (40.2% vs. 50.1%) than those that did not. We hypothesized that the most fertile spermatozoa exhibited the highest levels of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), with oxidative stress simply being a by-product of intense mitochondrial activity. Accordingly, an experiment to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and motility was conducted and revealed positive correlations between mitochondrial ROS and total motility (R2 = 0.90), rapid motility (R2 = 0.89), average path velocity (VAP; R2 = 0.59), and curvilinear velocity (VCL; R2 = 0.66). Similarly, lipid peroxidation was positively correlated with total motility (R2 = 0.46), rapid motility (R2 = 0.51), average path velocity (R2 = 0.62), and VCL (R2 = 0.56), supporting the aforementioned hypothesis. The relative importance of OXPHOS in supporting the motility of equine spermatozoa was contrasted with human spermatozoa, which primarily utilize glycolysis. In this study, mitochondrial inhibition significantly reduced the velocity (P < 0.01) and ATP (P < 0.05) content of equine, but not human, spermatozoa, emphasizing the former's relative dependence on OXPHOS. The equine is the first mammal in which such a positive relationship between oxidative stress and functionality has been observed, with implications for the management of stallion fertility in vitro and in vivo.

Zamira Gibb, Sarah R. Lambourne, and Robert J. Aitken "The Paradoxical Relationship Between Stallion Fertility and Oxidative Stress," Biology of Reproduction 91(3), (30 July 2014). https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.114.118539
Received: 16 February 2014; Accepted: 1 July 2014; Published: 30 July 2014
KEYWORDS
fertility
oxidative phosphorylation
reactive oxygen species
spermatozoa
stallion
thoroughbred
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