Water Resources: Agricultural and Environmental Issues

DAVID PIMENTEL; BONNIE BERGER; DAVID FILIBERTO; MICHELLE NEWTON; BENJAMIN WOLFE; ELIZABETH KARABINAKIS; STEVEN CLARK; ELAINE POON; ELIZABETH ABBETT; SUDHA NANDAGOPAL

doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0909:WRAAEI]2.0.CO;2

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1 October 2004 Water Resources: Agricultural and Environmental Issues

DAVID PIMENTEL, BONNIE BERGER, DAVID FILIBERTO, MICHELLE NEWTON, BENJAMIN WOLFE, ELIZABETH KARABINAKIS, STEVEN CLARK, ELAINE POON, ELIZABETH ABBETT, SUDHA NANDAGOPAL

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BioScience, 54(10):909-918 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0909:WRAAEI]2.0.CO;2

Abstract

The increasing demands placed on the global water supply threaten biodiversity and the supply of water for food production and other vital human needs. Water shortages already exist in many regions, with more than one billion people without adequate drinking water. In addition, 90% of the infectious diseases in developing countries are transmitted from polluted water. Agriculture consumes about 70% of fresh water worldwide; for example, approximately 1000 liters (L) of water are required to produce 1 kilogram (kg) of cereal grain, and 43,000 L to produce 1 kg of beef. New water supplies are likely to result from conservation, recycling, and improved water-use efficiency rather than from large development projects.

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DAVID PIMENTEL, BONNIE BERGER, DAVID FILIBERTO, MICHELLE NEWTON, BENJAMIN WOLFE, ELIZABETH KARABINAKIS, STEVEN CLARK, ELAINE POON, ELIZABETH ABBETT, and SUDHA NANDAGOPAL "Water Resources: Agricultural and Environmental Issues," BioScience 54(10), 909-918, (1 October 2004). https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0909:WRAAEI]2.0.CO;2

Published: 1 October 2004

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