The identity of Aloe steudneri Schweinfurth (Asphodelaceae) is discussed. It is shown that the two specimens quoted in the protologue as syntypes of that species are not conspecific and that only one, Steudner 448 from the Semien Mountains of Ethiopia, is still in existence. This specimen is consequently the lectotype of A. steudneri. The plants growing on Mt. Saber, in Eritrea and considered by Schweinfurth and subsequent workers to belong to A. steudneri, represent a distinct taxon, described here as Aloe neosteudneri.