Holotype

AMNH 302215, adult male, collected on Mount Kunupi, 2000 m, Kobowre ( =  Weyland) Mountains, 03.50S, 135.55E (USBGN, 1982), Papua Province, Indonesia, on 9 October 1931, by Georg Stein (no. 1861). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Stein's unique field number of the holotype was given in the original description, and five specimens were said to have been collected. Later, Hartert et al. (1936: 202) listed the five specimens, giving Stein's field numbers. Originally, Stein's collection was to have been divided among the Rothschild Collection, ZMB and AMNH. By the time the collection had been studied, the Rothschild Collection had been purchased by AMNH; three–fourths of the collection came to AMNH and one–fourth went to ZMB (Hartert et al., 1936: 166). Two paratypes came to AMNH: AMNH 302216 (Stein no. 1865), immature female, Mt. Kunupi, 11 October 1931; and AMNH 302217 (1864), female, Mt. Kunupi, 12 October 1931, the latter specimen exchanged to FMNH in the 1960s. Stein's specimens numbered 1862 and 1863 apparently remain in ZMB.

See Stein (1933, 1936) for field notes.

Falcunculus frontatus herbertoni Mathews

Falcunculus frontatus herbertoni Mathews, 1912a (January): 376 (Herberton, Queensland).

Now Falcunculus frontatus (Latham, 1801). See Mayr, 1953, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 466–467, and Boles, 2007: 409.

Holotype

AMNH 657258, male on original label [ =  female plumage], collected at Herberton, 17.23S, 145.23E (Storr, 1984: 183), Queensland, Australia, on 6 November 1910. From the Mathews Collection (no. 9011) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number in the original description, sex not indicated, and gave the range as northern Queensland. According to his catalog, this specimen was obtained from [F.P.] Dodd (1911). In addition to an original label, and Mathews and Rothschild type labels, it also bears a “Figured” label, indicating that it was illustrated in Mathews (1923b, pl. 491, lower right fig., opp. p. 2, text p. 4), where it was described as an adult female although not said to be the type. The only additional Mathews specimen from northern Queensland is AMNH 657261, collected at Cairns in January 1885 by T.H. Bowyer Bower but not cataloged by Mathews until May 1913 (catalog no. 16853), shortly after he received the specimens from Bowyer Bower's mother. It is not a paratype.

Schodde and Mason (1999: 466–467) considered F. frontatus a monotypic species within a superspecies; Christidis and Boles (2008: 194–195) retained F. frontatus as a polytypic species and noted that molecular analysis was needed.

Falcunculus frontatus iredalei Mathews

Falcunculus frontatus iredalei Mathews, 1912b (April): 47 (Ringwood, Victoria).

Now Falcunculus frontatus (Latham, 1801). See Mayr, 1953, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 466–467, and Boles, 2007: 409.

Holotype

AMNH 657205, adult male, collected at Ringwood, 37.51S, 145.13E (Times Atlas), Victoria, Australia, on 16 July 1910. From the Mathews Collection (no. 1372) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description. It bears an original label and Mathews and Rothschild type labels. According to Mathews' catalog, it was collected by Thomas H. Tregellas (original label in his hand). Paratypes are: AMNH 657207 (Mathews no. 9052), female, Ringwood, 7 May 1911; AMNH 657208 (4907), female, Ringwood, 15 June 1907; AMNH 657225 (8072), male, Olinda, 24 December 1910; AMNH 657230 (8071), female, Bayswater, 1 November 1910, all collected by Tregellas; and AMNH 657236 (Mathews no. 2615), male, Ringwood, 5 December 1908, collected by L.G. Chandler. Six additional specimens are possible paratypes, but I was unable to find them in Mathews' catalog and do not know when they came into his possession: AMNH 657215, female, Auburn, 16 May 1900, collected by C.F. Cole; AMNH 657216 and AMNH 657217, males, AMNH 657218, female, Frankston, 20 June 1908; AMNH 657227, male, and AMNH 657228, female, Olinda, 9 May 1908, all collected by L.G. Chandler.

Falcunculus frontatus lumholtzi Mathews

Falcunculus frontatus lumholtzi Mathews, 1912e (December): 119 (Queensland).

Now Falcunculus frontatus (Latham, 1801). See Mayr, 1953, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 466–467, and Boles, 2007: 409.

Holotype

AMNH 657262, adult male, collected at Minnie Downs, 25.05S, 145.53E (Times Atlas), central Queensland, Australia, on 23 August 1881, by Carl Lumholtz. From the Mathews Collection (no. 14613) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description. Lumholtz collected for the University of Christiana, Oslo (ZMUO) and made an 800 mile trip into western Queensland in August 1881 (Whittell, 1954: 457). His specimens were obtained by Mathews from Robert Collett, Director of the Museum and Professor of Zoology at the University. In addition to the field label and the Mathews and Rothschild type labels, the holotype also bears a “Figured” label, indicating that it was illustrated by Mathews (1923b, pl. 491, lower left fig., opp. p. 2, text p. 3), where it is confirmed as the type of lumholtzi. A possible paratype is AMNH 657263, male, collected at Minnie Downs on 9 January 1882. Judging by the handwriting on the original label, it was also collected by Lumholtz, but I was unable to find the specimen in Mathews' catalog.

Schodde and Mason (1999: 466–467) considered frontatus monotypic; Christidis and Boles (2008: 194–195) retained F. frontatus as a polytypic species.

Falcunculus frontatus territori Mathews

Falcunculus frontatus territori Mathews, 1916c: 91 (McArthur River, Northern Territory).

Now Falcunculus whitei A.J. Campbell, 1910. See Mayr, 1953, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 468–470, and Boles, 2007: 409.

Holotype

AMNH 657257, adult male, collected at Borroloola, 16.03S, 136.17E (Storr, 1977: 106), McArthur River, Northern Territory, Australia, on 16 June 1913, by Harry G. Barnard (no. 81). From the Mathews Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews noted that the type was a male collected 16 June 1913 on the McArthur River. AMNH 657257 is the only Mathews specimen in AMNH from Northern Territory; he obtained it from H.L. White but did not catalog it. In addition to White's label and a Rothschild label printed “Ex. coll. G.M. Mathews,” it bears an AMNH type label. Mayr (1953: 250–251) restricted the type locality to Borroloola, the collecting locality of this unique specimen. The description of an adult male (Mathews 1923b: 3–4) is based on this specimen, but it is not said to be figured or a type.

Barnard (1914: 47) published a list of the species observed and collected on his trip to the McArthur River for H.L. White, only saying that whitii (sic) was rare. Schodde and Mason (1999: 468–470) gave full species status to whitei; Boles (2007: 409) considered it a subspecies of F. frontatus.

Falcunculus leucogaster stirlingi Mathews

Falcunculus leucogaster stirlingi Mathews, 1915a: 133 (Stirling Ranges, West Australia).

Now Falcunculus leucogaster Gould, 1838. See Mayr, 1953, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 468–469, and Boles, 2007: 409.

Lectotype

AMNH 657266, adult male, collected in the Stirling Range, 34.23S, 117.50E (USBGN, 1957), Western Australia, Australia, in October 1911, by F.B. Lawson Whitlock. From the Mathews Collection (no. 10545) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews said only that the type was from the Stirling Range. By that time, he had nine specimens collected in the Stirling Range by F.L. Whitlock (1911, 1912) in 1910 and 1911. On the original label of AMNH 657266, Mathews wrote “Type of stirlingi,” indicating that he considered this specimen his type. In order to validate his intent, I hereby designate AMNH 657266 the lectotype of Falcunculus leucogaster stirlingi. The specimen already bears an AMNH type label in addition to the original label and a Rothschild Museum label printed “Ex. coll. G.M. Mathews.”

Paralectotypes are: Males: AMNH 657265 (Mathews no. 6126), nr. Lake Baluish, 8 October 1910; AMNH 657267 (10546), 17 September 1911; AMNH 657268 and AMNH 657269 (10547), September 1911; AMNH 657270 (10544), 2 October 1911; Females: AMNH 657271 (10541), 5 October 1911; AMNH 657272 (10542), 18 September 1911; and AMNH 657273 (10543), 18 September 1911, all collected by Whitlock in the Stirling Range. Of these paralectotypes, AMNH 657265 and 657272 bear “Figured” labels and are illustrated in Mathews (1923b, pl. 491, upper two figs., opp. p. 2, text pp. 13–14); no type status is indicated.

Schodde and Mason (1999: 468–469) gave full species status to leucogaster; Boles (2007: 409) considered it a subspecies of F. frontatus.

Oreoica cristata clelandi Mathews

Oreoica cristata clelandi Mathews, 1912a: 376 (Coonalpyn, South Australia).

Now Oreoica gutturalis gutturalis (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827). See Mayr, 1953: 252–253, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 464–465, and Boles, 2007: 410.

Holotype

AMNH 657321, adult male, collected at Coonalpyn, 90 Mile Desert, 35.41S, 139.52E (Times Atlas), South Australia, Australia, on 17 May 1911, by John B. Cleland (no. a). From the Mathews Collection (no. 8925) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews gave his catalog number of the holotype and gave the range as South Australia. Paratypes in AMNH are: AMNH 657328 (Mathews no. 9952), male, NW Port Augusta, 5 October 1911, S.A. White (no. 218); AMNH 657329 (9951), female, NW Port Augusta, 8 October 1911, S.A. White (no. 207); AMNH 657336 (2623), male, South Australia, 1876; and AMNH 657337 (2622), female, South Australia. Cleland (1912: 13) apparently collected only one specimen.

Oreoica cristata westralensis Mathews

Oreoica cristata westralensis Mathews, 1912a: 377 (South-West Australia).

Now Oreoica gutturalis gutturalis (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827). See Mayr, 1953: 252–253, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 464–465, and Boles, 2007: 410.

Holotype

AMNH 657303, adult male, collected at Broomehill, 33.51S, 117.38E (Johnstone and Storr, 2004: 504), Western Australia, Australia, on 1 July 1908, by Thomas Carter. From the Mathews Collection (no. 2629) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype. In addition to the field label and Mathews and Rothschild type labels, the holotype also bears a “Figured” label, indicating that it was illustrated in Mathews (1923b, pl. 492, opp. p. 18, text p. 19), where it is confirmed as the type of westralensis. Paratypes are: AMNH 657305 (Mathews no. 2628), male, 27 October 1907; AMNH 657307 (2631), female, 22 October 1905; AMNH 657308 (2630), female, 18 September 1905, all collected by Carter at Broomehill. Two additional specimens are possible paratypes but I did not find them in Mathews' catalog and do not know when he acquired them: AMNH 657304, male, 22 September 1910, and AMNH 657306, male juv., 27 August 1910, both also collected at Broomehill by Carter.

Oreoica cristata lloydi Mathews

Oreoica cristata lloydi Mathews in Carter and Mathews, 1917: 608 (Dirk Hartog Island, Western Australia).

Now Oreoica gutturalis gutturalis (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827). See Mayr 1953: 252–253, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 464–465, and Boles, 2007: 410.

Syntypes

AMNH 657312, male, 18 October 1916, and AMNH 657313, female, 6 November 1916, collected on Dirk Hartog Island, 25.50S, 113.03E (Johnstone and Storr, 2004: 506), Western Australia, Australia, by Thomas Carter. From the Mathews Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In Carter and Mathews (1917), nomenclature was said to be by Mathews. No type was designated in the original description, nor was the number of specimens studied given. The above two specimens are the only ones that came to AMNH. Mathews acquired them after he had ceased cataloging his collection, and there is no indication on the labels or in Mathews (1923b: 18–27) concerning their type status; therefore, they must be considered syntypes. These syntypes had not previously been included in the AMNH type collection.

Oreoica cristata pallescens Mathews

Oreoica cristata pallescens Mathews, 1912a: 377 (Northern Territory (Alexandra)).

Now Oreoica gutturalis pallescens 257258259260Mathews, 1912. See Mayr, 1967: 5, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 464–465, and Boles, 2007: 410.

Holotype

AMNH 657318, male, collected at Alexandria Station ( =  Alexandra), 19.03S, 136.42E (Storr, 1977: 105), Northern Territory, Australia, in July 1905, by Wilfred Stalker. From the Mathews Collection (no. 2625) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description. In addition to Stalker's original label, the specimen bears Mathews and Rothschild type labels and a “Figured” label, indicating that it was illustrated in 275276277Mathews (1923, pl. 492, opp. p. 18, text p. 19). While this is undoubtedly the specimen illustrated, Mathews gave the date as July “1908” and said that it was collected “on Alexander”; he also did not confirm that it was the type. The number “662” on the original label refers to the number of this species in Mathews (1908). Mathews (1912a: 377) gave the range of pallescens as Northern Territory; paratypes are: AMNH 657319 (Mathews no. 2624), sexed as a female but in male plumage, Alexandria Station, July 1905, collected by Stalker; and AMNH 657320 (5136), male, Tanami Gold Field, 26 March 1910, collected by J.P. Rogers (no. 4).

Ingram (1907: 411) reported on the Alexandria collection made by Stalker, whom he called William, and listed only the above two specimens.

Oreoica cristata mungi Mathews

Oreoica cristata mungi Mathews, 1912a: 377 (Mungi, North-West Australia).

Now Oreoica gutturalis pallescens 257258259260Mathews, 1912. See Whittell and Serventy, 1948: 67, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 464–465, and Boles, 2007: 410.

Holotype

AMNH 657292, male, collected at Mungi Rock Hole, 18.45S, 123.44E (Storr, 1980: 103), 8 miles SE of Mount Alexander, West Kimberley, Western Australia, Australia, on 27 June 1911, by John P. Rogers (no. 1816). From the Mathews Collection (no. 9140) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number in the original description and gave the range of mungi as the interior of northwest Australia. The holotype bears Rogers' original label and Mathews and Rothschild type labels. The only paratype that came with the Mathews Collection is AMNH 657293 (Mathews no. 9139), female, collected at the same place on the same day by Rogers (no. 1818). In Mathews catalog, both of these specimens have the collecting locality listed as “Fitzroy River.”

Pachycare flavogrisea subaurantia Rothschild and Hartert

Pachycare flavogrisea subaurantia Rothschild and Hartert, 1911a: 157 (Schneegebirge im mittleren Neuguinea).

Now Pachycare flavogriseum subaurantium 383384Rothschild and Hartert, 1911. See Dickinson, 2003: 474, and Boles, 2007: 409.

Holotype

AMNH 659777, adult male, collected in the Maoke ( =  Snow) Mountains, Papua Province, Indonesia, on 22 October 1910, by Albert S. Meek (no. 4873). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Meek's unique field number of the holotype was given in the original description. Rothschild and Hartert (1913) reported on Meek's 1910 and 1911 collections from the then Netherlands New Guinea. On p. 511, they listed their Meek specimens of subaurantia, all of which were sent to AMNH. Paratypes are: AMNH 659778 (Meek no. 4848), male, 18 October; AMNH 659779 (4895), male, 25 October; AMNH 659780 (4935), male, 2 November; AMNH 659781 (4936), male, 2 November; AMNH 659782 (4946), female, 3 November; AMNH 659783 (4885), female, 25 October; and AMNH 659784 (4941), immature female, 3 November, all collected in 1910 at 3000 ft, in the Snow Mountains. Paratypes AMNH 659781 and 659782 were exchanged to FMNH in the 1960s.

Rothschild and Hartert (1913) reported that Meek's 1910 Snow Mountain expedition was made on the Setekwa River, 04.54S, 137.19E (USBGN, 1982), a tributary of the Utakwa ( =  Oetakwa) River.

AMNH 178221 (Meek no. 4845), a male collected on 17 October 1910 in the Snow Mountains, was purchased by AMNH from the dealer W.F. Rosenberg in 1923 and was not part of Rothschild and Hartert's type series; it is a topotype. Usually, Rothschild would select from Meek's collections the specimens that he wished to purchase and turn the remainder over to dealers to sell for Meek.

Pachycare flavogrisea randi Gilliard

Pachycare flavogrisea randi Gilliard, 1961: 2 (6 kilometers southwest of Bernhard Camp (“1200 meters”), Idenburg River, Snow Mountains, Netherlands New Guinea).

Now Pachycare flavogriseum randi Gilliard, 1961. See Dickinson, 2003: 474, and Boles, 2007: 409.

Holotype

AMNH 341464, adult male, collected 6 km southwest of Bernhard Camp, 1200 m, ca. 03.30S, 139.15E (Archbold et al., 1942, map 1), Taritatu ( =  Idenburg) River, Maoke ( =  Snow) Mountains, Papua Province, Indonesia, on 26 February 1939, by Austin L. Rand on the 1938–1939 Archbold Expedition (no. 9682).

Comments

Gilliard gave the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description. Rand (1942b: 486) noted that 11 males and 4 females were collected; however, measurements were given for only 10 males. Paratypes are: AMNH 341462, 341463, 341465–341475, and 343503, nine males, four females, and one sex ? AMNH 341474 and 341475 were sent to MZB in 1957, and I did not find AMNH 341471 in the collection. Archbold et al. (1942) summarize the 1938–1939 Archbold Expedition to New Guinea, also known as the Indisch-Amerikaansche Expeditie.

Pachycare flavogrisea subpallida Hartert

Pachycare flavogrisea subpallida Hartert, 1930b: 53 (Bihagi, head of Mambare River).

Now Pachycare flavogriseum subpallidum 191Hartert, 1930. See Dickinson, 2003: 474, and Boles, 2007: 409.

Holotype

AMNH 659798, adult (female on label, changed to male by E. H[artert]), collected at Bihagi, head of Mambare River, Oro Province, Papua New Guinea, on 28 March 1906 by Albert F. Eichhorn for Albert S. Meek (no. A. 2670). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert cited Meek's field number in the original description. This specimen lacks the dusky ear patch of females, and Hartert commented on the incorrect sexing of some of these specimens. The type series included specimens from the Mambare River, the Aicora River, and a female from the Rawlinson Mountains. Paratypes in AMNH are: AMNH 659795–659797, males, collected on the Mambare River in March 1906; AMNH 659807–659811, three males, one female, one sex ?, collected on the Aicora River in October–December 1905; and AMNH 659813, female, no date, collected in the Rawlinson Mountains by C. Keysser.

The mouth of the Mambare River is at 08.30S, 147.45E (PNG, 1984).

Rhagologus leucostigma novus Rand

Rhagologus leucostigma novus Rand, 1940: 7 (Weyland Mountains, 1500 meters, Netherland [sic] New Guinea).

Now Rhagologus leucostigma novus Rand, 1940. See Dickinson, 2003: 474, and Boles, 2007: 411.

Holotype

AMNH 302289, adult male, collected on Mount Kunupi, 03.50S, 135.25E (USBGN, 1943), Kobowre ( =  Weyland) Mountains, 1500 meters, Papua Province, Indonesia, on 9 September 1931, by Georg Stein (no. 1753).

Comments

Rand gave the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description. Hartert et al. (1936: 206) reported that Stein collected 14 males and 5 females; part of this collection remained in ZMB, and those specimens are not paratypes of novus. Rand would have had before him only the Stein specimens that came to AMNH. His type series comprised 10 males and three females from the Weyland Mountains and a male from the Utanata River, figured by Ogilvie-Grant (1915, pl. iv). Paratypes in AMNH are: AMNH 302288, 302290–302297, males, and AMNH 302298–302300, females. Of these, AMNH 302296 was exchanged to FMNH in the 1960s. The “K” on Stein's original label of the holotype stands for his locality “Kunupi,” at which place the Steins had a mid-mountain camp. It is shown on the map in Hartert et al. (1936:168) as near the middle of the Menoo River, a tributary of the Wanggar River, 03.24S, 135.20E (USBGN, 1982). I hereby restrict the type locality of R. l. novus to Mt. Kunupi. See Stein (1933, 1936) for field notes and for further information on his collecting localities.

AMNH 302462, male, collected on Mt. Kunupi on 18 September 1931 by Stein (no. 1767), was originally identified and cataloged as Climacteris placens; because an added remark in the AMNH catalog notes its reidentification as R. l. novus and because all of Rand's listed type series is accounted for in AMNH, I assume that the reindentification occurred after novus was described, and I do not consider it a paratype.

Rhagologus leucostigma obscurus Rand

Rhagologus leucostigma obscurus Rand, 1940: 7 (Mafulu, altitude 1250 meters, central division, Territory of Papua, New Guinea).

Now Rhagologus leucostigma obscurus Rand, 1940. See Coates, 1990: 204, and Boles, 2007: 411.

Holotype

AMNH 420745, adult male, collected at Mafulu, 1250 m, 08.31S, 147.01E (Frith and Beehler, 1998: 569, converted to degrees and minutes), Central Province, Papua New Guinea, on 23 October 1933, by Richard Archbold and Austin L. Rand on the 1933–1934 Archbold Expedition (no. 1847).

Comments

Rand gave the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description and measurements for eight males and 10 females from between 1200 and 2400 m, mountains of southeastern New Guinea and the Huon Peninsula, westward to the slopes above the Idenburg River on the north and Mt. Goliath on the south at 1500 m. There are additional specimens from these localities in AMNH that would also have been available to Rand. Paratypes are: AMNH 267733–267737, Sevia, and AMNH 267738, Zakaheme, Huon Peninsula, collected by R. Beck in 1929; AMNH 341476, Idenburg River, collected by the Archbold Expedition in 1939; AMNH 420743, Mt. Tafa, 420744, Iuvulu, near Ononge, 420746, Mt. Tafa, all collected on the Archbold Expedition in 1933; AMNH 659497–659500, 659515, Mt. Goliath, collected by A.S. Meek in 1911; AMNH 659501–659506, Aroa and Angabunga rivers, collected by Meek in 1903 and 1905; and AMNH 659507–659510, head of Mambare River, collected by Meek in 1906. Of these paratypes, AMNH 659503 and 659508 were exchanged to FMNH in the 1960s. For a summary of the 1933–1934 Archbold Expedition to New Guinea, see Archbold and Rand (1935).

Pachycephala rufinucha P.L. Sclater

Pachycephala rufinucha P.L. Sclater, 1874: 692 (Atam, apud montes Papuanos Arfak).

Now Aleadryas rufinucha rufinucha (P.L. Sclater, 1874). See Iredale, 1956: 106–107, Dickinson, 2003: 474, and Boles, 2007: 410–411.

Syntype

AMNH 659441, adult male, collected at Hatam ( =  Atam), 01.05S, 133.58E (Frith and Beehler, 1998: 568, converted to degrees and minutes), Arfak Mountains, Papua Province, Indonesia, in September 1872, by Luigi M. D'Albertis (no. 469). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

When Sclater named this species, he did not say how many specimens D'Albertis collected. Salvadori (1881: 225) listed two specimens, of which the above syntype is specimen “a,” D'Albertis no. 469. The other syntype is not listed by Warren and Harrison (1971) or by Arbocco et al. (1979, 1986) and I have not traced its whereabouts.

The generic name Aleadryas was introduced by Iredale (1956: 106), with rufinucha as the type species, and was used by Sibley and Monroe (1990: 459). By omitting parentheses around Sclater's name they indicated incorrectly that it was he who introduced the generic name.

Pachycephala rufinucha niveifrons Hartert

Pachycephala rufinucha niveifrons Hartert, 1930b: 57 (Wondiwoi Mountains, Wandammen).

Now Aleadryas rufinucha niveifrons (191Hartert, 1930). See Dickinson, 2003: 474, and Boles, 2007: 410–411.

Holotype

AMNH 659442, adult male, collected in the Wondiwoi Mountains, Papua Province, Indonesia, on 11 July 1928, by Ernst Mayr (no. 1465). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert cited Mayr's unique field number of the holotype in the original description, listing one male and two females in his type series. Mayr's expedition was jointly sponsored by Rothschild and L.C. Sanford for AMNH, and the collection and types were divided equally, with a third set of selected specimens sent to MZB (Hartert, 1930a: 19). The Sanford part of the collection came directly to AMNH, and the Rothschild portion came in 1932 with the purchase of that collection. The paratypes are AMNH 294196 and AMNH 659443, both collected in the Wondiwoi Mountains on 16 July 1928 by Mayr (nos. 1548 and 1550, respectively). AMNH 294196 was exchanged to FMNH in the 1960s.

Mayr (1930: 24) landed at Wasior, 02.38S, 134.27E (Times Atlas), on the peninsula that juts into Geelvink Bay to the east of Wandammen Bay, and entered the Wondiwoi Mountains from there.

Pachycephala gamblei Rothschild

Pachycephala gamblei Rothschild, 1897: 22 (Mount Cameron, Owen Stanley Range, 5000 feet).

Now Aleadryas rufinucha gamblei (Rothschild, 1897). See Dickinson, 2003: 474, and Boles, 2007: 410–411.

Holotype

AMNH 659465, female on label (but Hartert added “♂?! E.H.!”), collected on Mt. Cameron, 5000 ft, 08.50S, 147.15E (USBGN, 1943), Owen Stanley Range, Central Province, Papua New Guinea, date illegible, by A.S. Anthony. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the originial description, Rothschild did not say how many specimens he had and did not designate a type. However, of the two Mt. Cameron specimens that came to AMNH, the above specimen is the one described, as the other specimen still has remaining immature feathers, of which no mention is made. It bears the Rothschild type label and the reverse of Anthony's label is annotated “Pachycephala gamblei Rothsch. type” in Rothschild's hand. It is also the one listed as the type by Rothschild and Hartert (1903a: 104). The paratype is AMNH 659466, female, Mt. Cameron, 11 August 1896, A.S. Anthony collector; it has the rufous feathers of immaturity on the face and along the sides of the throat and an overall brownish wash to the plumage.

Pachycephala tenebrosa Rothschild

Pachycephala tenebrosa Rothschild, 1911: 20 (Mount Goliath).

Now Colluricincla tenebrosa tenebrosa (Rothschild, 1911). See Coates, 1990: 220, Dickinson, 2003: 489, Boles, 2007: 432, and Dumbacher et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 659480, adult male, collected on Mt. Goliath, 04.40S, 139.52E (USBGN, 1982), Oranje Mountains, Papua Province, Indonesia, on 15 February 1911, by Albert S. Meek (no. 5394). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Rothschild cited Meek's unique field number of the holotype in the original description and noted that he had nine specimens. Paratypes are: AMNH 659477–659479, 659481, and 659482, males; and AMNH 659483–659485, females, all collected on Mt. Goliath in January and February 1911 by Meek, whose collection was reported on by Rothschild and Hartert (1913).

Sibley and Monroe (1990: 461) and Dickinson (2003: 489, citing Diamond, 1972), have put both Pachycephala tenebrosa Rothschild, 1911, and Rhectes tenebrosus Hartlaub and Finsch, 1868 (listed as Pitohui tenebrosus by Mayr, 1967: 51), from Palau in the genus Colluricincla. When this is done, Rothschild's name being the junior name, the next available name becomes Melanorhectes umbrinus Reichenow, 1915; and Pachycephala tenebrosa Rothschild is listed by Dickinson as Colluricincla umbrina (Reichenow, 1915). This is followed by Boles (2007: 432). However, Diamond (1972: 274–275, 284) did not suggest putting Pachycephala tenebrosa in Colluricincla, only that Pitohui tenebrosus be shifted to Colluricincla.

Recent DNA analysis by Dumbacher et al. (2008) has shown quite clearly that Pitohui tenebrosus is closely related to Pachycephala pectoralis and should be included in Pachycephala, the name, confusingly, becoming Pachycephala tenebrosa (Hartlaub and Finsch).

The suggestion that Pachycephala tenebrosa Rothschild, 1911, be put in Colluricincla apparently dates from Sibley and Ahlquist (1982), where such a suggestion was made by Richard Schodde. Dumbacher et al. (2008) did not include Pachycephala tenebrosa Rothschild in their DNA analysis, but ongoing molecular phylogenetic investigation within Colluricincla confirms the placement in that genus of Pachycephala tenebrosa Rothschild through the inclusion of DNA samples from the Schrader Range and from Mt. Stolle (B. Benz, personal commun., 2010).

Pachycephala tenebrosa atra Rothschild

Pachycephala tenebrosa atra Rothschild, 1931: 260 (Gebroeders, 6,000 ft.).

Now Colluricincla tenebrosa atra (Rothschild, 1931). See Rand and Gilliard, 1967: 431, Dickinson, 2003: 489, Boles, 2007: 432, and Dumbacher et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 302911, adult male, collected on Mt. Gebroeders, 6000 ft, 03.39S, 135.56E (USBGN, 1982), Kobowre ( =  Weyland) Mountains, Papua Province, Indonesia, on 16 August 1930, by Frederick W. Shaw Mayer (no. 318). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Rothschild based his description on the specimen collected by Shaw Mayer. The paratype is AMNH 659486, male, collected on Mt. Kunupi, Weyland Mountains, by the Pratt Brothers, in November-December 1920. As mentioned by Rothschild, it is tailless. See above for placement of this species in Colluricincla.

Pachycephala olivacea tregellasi Mathews

Pachycephala olivacea tregellasi Mathews, 1912a (January): 315 (Victoria).

Now Pachycephala olivacea olivacea Vigors and Horsfield, 1827. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 433–435, Boles, 2007: 412, Jønsson et al., 2008, and Dumbacher et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 659405, female, collected at Olinda, 37.51S, 145.22E (USBGN, 1957), Victoria, Australia, on 11 May 1907, by Thomas H. Tregellas. From the Mathews Collection (no. 4908) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description. He cataloged three Tregellas specimens at the same time, but I consider only one of the other two specimens a paratype: AMNH 659404 (Mathews no. 4909), male, collected 9 May 1908 at Olinda. A second paratype is AMNH 659427 (Mathews no. 2726), an unsexed specimen collected in Gippsland, Victoria, on 17 July 1886, and received from Ashby.

AMNH 659424, male juvenile, collected 28 December 1908 at Sassafras by Tregellas may also be a paratype; its data do not match the data in Mathews' catalog for the third specimen and I did not find it elsewhere in his catalog, but Mathews frequently did not catalog juvenile specimens. The third specimen, opposite catalog no. 4910, is listed as a male collected on 20 December 1908 and the locality “Olinda” is dittoed from the other two specimens. Probably, a specimen with data matching this entry was once in Mathews' collection and was exchanged to persons unknown; if found, it is a paratype of tregellasi. AMNH 659406 and 659407 (no. 11689, only one entry), collected on 6 October 1910 on Mt. Dandenong were collected before he described tregellasi but not cataloged by Mathews until November 1912, long after the description was published. The following four specimens were not found entered in Mathews' catalog and are not considered paratypes: AMNH 659408, an undated specimen collected in the Dandenong Range by Chandler; AMNH 659423, male, collected 24 November 1911 at Lorne by J. Ross; AMNH 659425 and AMNH 659426, collected at Lang Lang, but undated.

Gilbertornis rufogularis zanda Mathews

Gilbertornis rufogularis zanda Mathews, 1916a: 59 (Victoria).

Now Pachycephala rufogularis Gould, 1841. See Mayr, 1967: 11, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 436, and Boles, 2007: 412.

Holotype

AMNH 659345, adult male, collected at Bolton's Crab-hole, Victoria, Australia, on 14 September 1913, by Thomas H. Tregellas. From the Mathews Collection (no. 18294) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews said that the type of zanda was from Victoria, collected on 14 September 1913, and was paler above and lacked the gray breast band of the nominate race. There are two specimens collected at the same place on this date. The second specimen, AMNH 659346, also a male, bears a Mathews “Figured” label, indicating that it is the specimen illustrated in Mathews (1920, pl. 395, opp. p. 246, text p. 246). The specimen there described and figured was not said to be the type after Mathews' usual practice, so by default AMNH 659345 is the holotype. It bears Tregellas' label, Rothschild Collection and type labels, and a Mathews label with his catalog no. 18294, marked “Type” in Mathews' hand. However, this specimen has a very definite gray breast band, as do all of all of Mathews' specimens of zanda. I can therefore only interpret Mathews' description as one of his characteristic flights of fancy. By 1920, Mathews (1920: 248) considered zanda a synonym of rufogularis and listed the type locality as Bolton's Crab-hole (p. 246), contra Mayr (1967: 11), who put it at Gerahmin.

There are four paratypes at AMNH: AMNH 659346 (Mathews no. 18295), male, Bolton's Crab Hole, 14 September 1913; AMNH 659347 (18293), male, Bell Bird Bore; AMNH 659348 (10145) and AMNH 659349 (10146), males, Ned's Well, SE Boro Hill, 9 November 1911.

Gilbertornis gilberti mallee Mathews

Gilbertornis gilberti mallee Mathews, 1915a: 130 (Victoria).

Now Pachycephala inornata Gould, 1841. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 437–438, and Boles, 2007: 412–413.

Lectotype

AMNH 659364, adult male, collected at Gerahmin, Victoria, Australia, on 15 September 1912, by Thomas H. Tregellas. From the Mathews Collection (no. 15313) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, the type of mallee was said to be much lighter on the under-surface than the nominate form and to be from Victoria but was not specified by a catalog number. The range given for the subspecies was South Australia and Victoria. Mathews (1920: 249) later restricted the type locality of this paler form to Gerahmin. AMNH 659364 from Gerahmin bears Tregellas' field label, Rothschild Collection and type labels, and a Mathews Collection label bearing his catalog number and “Type” written in his hand. As this was Mathews' intended type, I hereby designate AMNH 659364 as the lectotype of Gilbertornis gilberti mallee.

The following specimens were found in Mathews' catalog and are paralectotypes: Gawler Range, collected by S.A. White in 1912, AMNH 659351, male, AMNH 659353, female (Mathews no. 15016, probably applies to both specimens), 31 August, AMNH 659352 (15015), immature male, 15 September, AMNH 659354 (15014), female, 30 August; Lake Gairdner, collected by S.A. White in 1912, AMNH 659355, male, AMNH 659356, female (15018, probably applies to both specimens); Mannum, collected by E. Ashby in October 1909, AMNH 659357 (6190), male, AMNH 659358 (6192) female, AMNH 659359, immature; Ward's Soak near Iron Knob, collected by S.A. White, AMNH 659360 (15017), male, 26 August 1912; Gerahmin,collected by T. Tregellas on 15 September 1912, AMNH 659363 (15314), male, AMNH 659365 (15315), male, AMNH 659366 (15316), female; Ouyen, collected by Tregellas on 28 August 1911, AMNH 659375 (10071), male, AMNH 659376 (10072), female; Victoria, AMNH 659379 (3773), male. The following specimens are possible paralectotypes, but I did not find them in Mathews' catalog: Murray Flats, collected by Cleland on 30 May 1911, AMNH 659361, female; Kow Plains, collected by Chandler in November 1911, AMNH 659362, male, AMNH 659367, male, AMNH 659368, male, AMNH 659369, male, AMNH 659370, female; Underbool, collected by Cole in September 1910, AMNH 659371, male, AMNH 659372, male, AMNH 659374, female; Walkup, collected by Cole in September 1910, AMNH 659373, female; Sunset, collected by Howe in September 1911, AMNH 659378, female.

Gerahmin ( =  Gyarrin), is now spelled Nyarrin, 35.23S, 142.41E (USBGN, 1957).

Hyloterpe hypoxantha Sharpe

Hyloterpe hypoxantha Sharpe, 1887: 451 (Kina Balu).

Now Pachycephala hypoxantha hypoxantha (Sharpe, 1887). See Smythies, 2000: 562, and Boles, 2007: 417.

Holotype

AMNH 658376, adult male, collected on Mt. Kinabalu, 06.03N, 116.32E (Times Atlas), Sabah, Malaysia, on 25 February 1887, by John Whitehead (no. 1018). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

All of the descriptions of Whitehead material in Sharpe (1887) were based on Whitehead's 1887 collection, but not all of that collection remained in BMNH, part of it being purchased by Rothschild. In the original description of H. hypoxantha, no type was designated, and only the adult male was described. However, two of the three specimens collected by Whitehead in 1887 were marked on Whitehead's field tag as “descr.” Whitehead (1893: 185) was in the habit of sending ahead to Sharpe “a pair of most birds that I thought would be new,” and the two specimens marked “descr” apparently are those two birds. The specimen that is now AMNH 658376 is also marked on the reverse of the Whitehead Collection label “Type RBS 1018,” indicating that this is the specimen Sharpe chose as his type (the description fits, see below). Hartert (1920a: 447) listed this specimen as the type and no type is listed for BMNH (Warren and Harrison, 1971). AMNH 658380 is here considered the only paratype, female, collected on 20 February 1887 (Whitehead no. 987), Kinabalu, 3000 ft, marked “descr” on Whitehead's field tag.

Later, when Sharpe (1889: 419) had all of Whitehead's 1887 and 1888 collections from Kinabalu in hand, he listed a third 1887 specimen; however, he marked the specimen collected on 25 Feburary as “♂ juv” and a male collected on “20 February” as an adult. The 25th February specimen, listed above as the holotype, shows no rufous feathering and is certainly not a juvenile. However, it does show some signs of plumage not quite adult, and this was mentioned in the original description: “some of the outer [coverts] rusty brown on the outer webs,” “the secondaries rusty towards the ends of the outer webs, the innermost almost entirely rusty brown,” “reddish tinge on the hinder margin of the [ear-coverts].” These rusty edges on feathers do not occur on the female or on other fully adult specimens. Sharpe's recorded date of collection of the second 1877 male in AMNH, AMNH 658378 (Whitehead field no. 1041), actually collected on 28 February, may represent an error in transcription. The description of the young bird “like the adults, but rather duller in colour, and has several rufous-edged feathers on the back, wings, and breast” fits this specimen exactly. However, I do not consider it a paratype because of Whitehead's habit of sending ahead to Sharpe two specimens of suspected new taxa. That Whitehead's field tag is not marked “descr” indicates that it was not one of those two.

Pachycephala grisola secedens Stresemann

Pachycephala grisola secedens Stresemann, 1913b: 355 (Sirhassen).

Now Pachycephala cinerea secedens 447Stresemann, 1913. See Parkes, 1989: 3, Smythies 2000: 561, Walters, 2003: 106–109, Dickinson, 2003: 475, and Boles, 2007: 415.

Holotype

AMNH 658439, adult male, collected on Serasan ( =  Sirhassen) Island, 02.30N, 109.03E (USBGN, 1982), South Natuna Islands, Indonesia, on 21 September 1893 (not 1898), by Alfred Everett. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Stresemann, in the original description of secedens, designated as holotype the only male specimen collected by Everett on Serasan on 21 September 1893. The collection date of 1898 came about from a misreading of Everett's date and was corrected without comment by Hartert (1920a: 447).

Stresemann's name was based on the five specimens from Serasan plus two from northwest Borneo and one from Lombok that had the color of the upperparts near that of the Serasan birds, which were said to differ from the nominate subspecies by having the top of the head much darker gray and the back much darker brown. There was nothing on the label of Borneo or Lombok birds to indicate which ones Stresemann considered part of his type series of secedens, and I was unable to decide which they might be. Paratypes from Serasan Island are: AMNH 658438, male collected 20 September; AMNH 658440, female collected 21 September, and AMNH 658441 and 658442, females collected on 22 September, all in 1893 by Everett. Smythies (2000: 561) recognized secedens; Dickinson (2003: 475) and Boles (2007: 415) did not. Comparison of specimens of secedens from Serasan with specimens of the nominate race in AMNH indicates that secedens is recognizable.

In his recent paper, Walters (2003) argued convincingly for Pachycephala cinerea (Blyth, 1847) as the valid name of this species.

Hyloterpe Homeyeri Blasius

Hyloterpe Homeyeri Blasius, 1890a: 143 (Sulu-Inseln).

Now Pachycephala homeyeri homeyeri (20Blasius, 1890). See Hartert, 1920a: 447, Dickinson et al., 1991: 362, Dickinson, 2003: 475, and Boles, 2007: 415–416.

Holotype

AMNH 658471, adult female, collected on Joló Island, Sulu Islands, Philippines, on 15 May 1887, by Carl C. Platen (specimen “a”). From the Adolph Nehrkorn Collection (no. 3034) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

The description was based on a single female specimen said to be in Nehrkorn's collection at that time. The Platens collected on Joló Island in the [northern] summer of 1887 (Blasius, 1890a: 138). A note on the reverse of Platen's label, “Hierzu Eier no. 4,” indicates an associated egg, but this did not come to AMNH.

When Hinkelmann and Heinze (1990: 624) listed types of bird taxa described by Blasius, they were unaware that some of the Nehrkorn material had gone to the Rothschild Collection. Two later lists by Hevers (2004: 357, 2005: 455) noted the presence of this type in AMNH.

The coordinates of Joló (City) are 06.04N, 121.00E (Dickinson et al., 1991: 420).

Hyloterpe whiteheadi Sharpe

Hyloterpe whiteheadi Sharpe, 1888a (April): 198 (Palawan).

Now Pachycephala cinerea plateni (1718Blasius, 1888 (1 March)). See Dickinson et al., 1991: 361, Walters, 2003, and Boles, 2007: 415.

Lectotype

AMNH 658452, adult female, collected at Tagusao ( =  Taguso), 08.49N, 117.53E (Dickinson et al., 1991: 426), Palawan Island, Philippines, on 21 July 1887, by John Whitehead (no. 1587). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Sharpe described the female but did not designate a type or say how many specimens he had. Whitehead (1890: 47) said only that it was scarce. Three specimens came to AMNH. AMNH 658452 is the specimen marked “Type 1587” in Sharpe's hand, and it bears a Rothschild type label. Hartert (1920a: 446) added Whitehead's field number, which would usually serve to designate this specimen the lectotype. However, a second female specimen collected on 21 July also bears Whitehead's number 1587. Whitehead's numbers are usually reliably unique and in this case, his original field tag is no longer present, so that the number cannot now be checked. As a result, Hartert's listing does not serve to designate a lectotype. However, because AMNH 658452 is the one intended by Sharpe as the type, matches Sharpe's description, and has a wing that measures 80 mm, closest to that given for the described bird (3.15 inches  =  ca. 79 mm) I hereby designate AMNH 658452 the lectotype of Hyloterpe whiteheadi. The second female, paralectotype AMNH 658453, is overall browner than the description, particularly on the face and wings and has a wing that measures 83 mm. A second paralectotype is AMNH 658451, male, Tagusao, 30 July 1887, collected by Whitehead (no. 1628).

Hyloterpe crissalis J.T. Zimmer

Hyloterpe crissalis J.T. Zimmer, 1918a: 230 (Mount Banahao, 914 meters (3,000 feet), Laguna Province, Luzon, P.I.).

Now Pachycephala albiventris crissalis (J.T. Zimmer, 1918). See Parkes, 1989: 4, Dickinson, 2003: 475, and Boles, 2007: 415.

Holotype

AMNH 296352, adult male, collected on Mt. Banahao, 914 m, 14.04N, 121.29E (Dickinson et al., 1991: 415), Laguna Province, Philippines, on 3 January 1916, by John T. Zimmer (no. 1336).

Comments

Zimmer cited his unique field number of the holotype in the original description and noted that he had one paratype, now AMNH 296351 (Zimmer no. 1326), male from the the same locality, collected 30 December 1915.

Hyloterpe albiventris Ogilvie-Grant

Hyloterpe albiventris Ogilvie-Grant, 1894a: 49 (mountains of Northern Luzon).

Now Pachycephala albiventris albiventris (335Ogilvie-Grant, 1894). See Dickinson et al., 1991: 362, and Boles, 2007: 415.

Syntypes

AMNH 658404 and AMNH 658405, adult males, collected in the mountains of north Luzon, Benguet ( =  Bgt, as on label), Philippines, on 9 and 4 January 1894, respectively, by John Whitehead (nos. 47 and 19, respectively). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

The description of H. albiventris applied only to specimens collected by Whitehead in the mountains of northern Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, between 1 January and 3 April 1894 (Ogilvie-Grant, 1894b: 502), and Ogilvie-Grant apparently had the entire collection before him. The original description was very brief and no type was designated, but more detail was given in Ogilvie-Grant (1894b: 511–512). Still no type was specified; male and female were described, but the number of specimens was not mentioned. Warren and Harrison (1971: 13) listed two syntypes in BMNH. The above two specimens appear also to be syntypes, although they previously had not been recognized as such. Whitehead's base was at La Trinidad ( =  La Trinadad, Whitehead, 1899: 82), 16.28N, 120.35E (Dickinson et al., 1991: 421), Benguet Subprovince, Philippines.

A third specimen, AMNH 658403, dated 11 January 1894, is said to be from Mt. Data, Lepanto. If the locality on this specimen is correct, then the date should be 11 January 1895 (Whitehead, 1899: 84–85) and it is not a syntype.

Pachycephala hyperythra reichenowi Rothschild and Hartert

Pachycephala hyperythra reichenowi Rothschild and Hartert, 1911b: 178 (Sattelberg in Kaiser Wilhelms Land).

Now Pachycephala hyperythra reichenowi Rothschild and Hartert, 1911. See Coates, 1990: 215, and Boles, 2007: 413.

Holotype

AMNH 658714, adult male, collected at Sattelberg, 06.29S, 147.46E (Times Atlas), Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea, on 21 November 1909, by Carl Wahnes (no. 62). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Wahnes' number of the holotype was given in the original description. A nest and two eggs (nos. 48 and 49), noted by Wahnes on his label and collected at the same time, did not come to AMNH. According to Rothschild and Hartert (1911b: 178), their type series comprised an additional specimen from Sattelberg collected by Nyman, which they had previously mentioned (Rothschild and Hartert, 1903a: 107) but had refrained from naming on the basis of a single specimen, plus a specimen from Sattelberg about which Reichenow had asked their opinion. The paratype collected by E.O.A. Nyman is AMNH 658715. The paratype that Reichenow sent is presumably in ZMB.

[Pachycephala salvadorii Rothschild]

Pachycephala salvadorii Rothschild (1897: 22), now P. hyperythra salvadorii was provided as a replacement name for Pachycephala sharpei Salvadori (1896: 88), preoccupied by P. sharpei Meyer, 1885. The type of Salvadori's name is in MSNG (Arbocco et al., 1979: 229). AMNH 658723, male, Mt. Cameron, Owen Stanley Mountains, 3000 ft, 13 August 1896, collected by A.S. Anthony, bears a Rothschild type label and was listed by Hartert (1920a: 447) as the type of P. salvadorii in error. Hartert (1920a: 447) refers to Rothschild and Hartert (1903a: 107) where the name salvadorii was used as a replacement name for P. sharpei Salvadori and the specimen from Mt. Cameron is listed, but there is no indication there that it was considered a type. Because the specimen bears a Rothschild type label and has always been so considered, it remains in the AMNH type collection with a label added to explain its status. Mayr (1967: 14) did not list Pachycephala sharpei Salvadori.

Pachycephala moroka Rothschild and Hartert

Pachycephala moroka Rothschild and Hartert, 1903a: 106 (Moroka district).

Now Pachycephala modesta modesta (De Vis, 1894). See Mayr, 1967: 14, Coates, 1990: 215–216, and Boles, 2007: 415.

Holotype

AMNH 658818, unsexed, collected in the Moroka district, 3–6000 ft, Central Province, Papua New Guinea, date unknown, collector unknown. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Rothschild and Hartert had the single specimen, which they purchased in London from the dealers McIlwraith and McEacharn. It bears the number “1204” of unknown significance. The Moroka district is shown on an 1899 British New Guinea government map at ca. 09.27S, 147.35E. This species is illustrated in Hartert (1920b: 358 and pl. V).

Pachycephala modesta telefolminensis Gilliard and LeCroy

Pachycephala modesta telefolminensis Gilliard and LeCroy, 1961: 61 (Mt. Ifal, 7300 ft, Victor Emanuel Mountains, Mandated Territory of New Guinea).

Now Pachycephala modesta telefolminensis Gilliard and LeCroy, 1961. See Coates, 1990: 215–216.

Holotype

AMNH 708799, female ?, collected on Mt. Ifal, 7300 ft, northeast of Telefomin, 05.08S, 141.31E (Times Atlas), Victor Emanuel Mountains, West Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, on 5 May 1954, by E. Thomas and Margaret Gilliard. From the 1953–1954 Gilliard Expedition to New Guinea.

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was given in the original description. Paratypes are: Victor Emanuel Mountains, AMNH 765870–765873, females, Mt. Ifal, 7300–8300 ft, 5–8 May 1954; Hindenburg Mountains, AMNH 765874 and 765875, male and female, Ilkivip, 7300 ft, 31 March, 5 April 1954; AMNH 765876, male, Unchemchi, 5800 ft, 11 April 1954.

During the period that Gilliard and LeCroy (1961) was in press, the official spelling of the type locality was changed from Telefolmin to Telefomin, and we failed to catch the outdated spelling of this name, while making the change in the rest of the text.

[Pachycephala soror octogenarii Diamond]

Pachycephala soror octogenarii Diamond, 1985: 78 (southern watershed of the Kumawa Mts.).

Now Pachycephala soror octogenarii Diamond, 1985. See Dickinson, 2003: 476, and Boles, 2007: 418.

When Diamond (1985: 68) reported on his specimens from the Kumawa Mountains, he noted that specimens were in the American Museum of Natural History. The specimens were at AMNH for study, but have been returned to MZB. A paratype was exchanged to AMNH by MZB: now AMNH 836525, male, collected on the southern watershed of the Kumawa Mountains, 4700 ft, Papua Province, Indonesia, on 25 September 1983, by Jared M. Diamond, field no. 118.

Pachycephala soror remota Mayr and Van Deusen

Pachycephala soror remota Mayr and Van Deusen, 1956: 4 (“Top Camp,” east slopes of Goodenough Island, D'Entrecasteaux Group, Territory of Papua).

Now Pachycephala soror remota Mayr and Van Deusen, 1956. See Coates, 1990: 208–209, and Boles, 2007: 416.

Holotype

AMNH 388847, adult male, collected at the “Top Camp,” east slopes, 1600 m, Goodenough Island, 09.20S, 150.15E (PNG, 1984), D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, on 11 October 1953, by Hobart M. Van Deusen, on the Fourth Archbold Expedition to New Guinea.

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was given in the original description. Paratype: AMNH 658278, immature male, collected in the mountains of Goodenough Island, by A.S. Meek, in 1913. Dickinson (2003: 476) synonymized remota with bartoni of southeastern New Guinea, probably based on Galbraith (1956: 196). However, Galbraith would not have seen the description of remota, also published in 1956. This is undoubtedly an uncommon bird of the highest mountain on Goodenough. The single adult was collected at 1600 m. We (LeCroy and Peckover, 2000: 42) saw it only once when we were camped at 1060 m in August 1988. Given the considerably larger size of the two Goodenough specimens compared to specimens of bartoni from southeastern New Guinea (Mayr and Van Deusen, 1956: 4, and substantiated by my measurements), I believe the subspecies should be recognized, contra Dickinson (2003: 476). Further collecting is encouraged.

Rothschild and Hartert (1914a) reported on Meek's collection from Goodenough Island. See Brass (1956) for a summary of the Fourth Archbold Expedition.

Pachycephala grisola riordani Mathews

Pachycephala grisola riordani Mathews: 1912b: 41 (Melville Island, Northern Territory).

Now Pachycephala simplex simplex Gould, 1843. See Mayr, 1967: 17, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 439–440, and Boles, 2007: 416.

Holotype

AMNH 658684, female, collected at Coopers Camp, Apsley Strait, 11.35S, 130.28E (USBGN, 1957), Melville Island, Northern Territory, Australia, on 1 October 1911, by J.P. Rogers (no. 2322). From the Mathews Collection (no. 10669) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description and said (Mathews, 1912b: 26) that he had received two shipments of Melville Island specimens from Rogers; these included specimens collected in October and November 1911 at Coopers Camp and cataloged by Mathews on 24 February and 20 March 1912. The following specimens are paratypes: AMNH 658678 (Mathews no. 11627), male; AMNH 658679 (11629), male; AMNH 658680 (11628), male; AMNH 658681 (10670), male; AMNH 658683 (10672), female; AMNH 658685 (10671), female; AMNH 658686 (11625), female; and AMNH 658687 (11626), female.

Pachycephala griseiceps gagiensis Mayr

Pachycephala griseiceps gagiensis Mayr, 1940: 3 (Gagi Island, west of Waigeu).

Now Pachycephala simplex gagiensis Mayr, 1940. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 439–440, and Boles, 2007: 416.

Holotype

AMNH 658525, female, collected on Gag ( =  Gagi) Island, 00.25S, 129.53E (Times Atlas), Papua Province, Indonesia, on 5 March 1863, by Heinrich A. Bernstein. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mayr gave the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description; he had a single specimen. Rothschild had received this specimen from RMNH.

Pachycephala griseiceps waigeuensis Stresemann and Paludan

Pachycephala griseiceps waigeuensis Stresemann and Paludan (in Rothschild, Stresemann and Paludan), 1932: 153 (Waigeu).

Now Pachycephala simplex waigeuensis Stresemann and Paludan, 1932. See Dickinson, 2003: 475, and Boles, 2007: 416.

Holotype

AMNH 300911, adult male, collected on Waigeo ( =  Waigeu) Island, 00.14S, 130.45E (USBGN, 1982), Papua Province, Indonesia, on 3 June 1931, by Georg Stein (no. 1185).

Comments

Stein's unique field number of the holotype was cited in the original description. Stresemann and Paludan gave measurements for 10 males, one juvenile male, six females, and three juvenile females and noted that they also had two males, two females, and one immature that were in molt, giving a total of 25 specimens. The Waigeo expedition was sponsored jointly by ZMB and Leonard C. Sanford for AMNH (Stresemann and Paludan, 1932: 13–14). Types came to AMNH and the collection was then divided between the two institutions, with an additional selection going to MZB. Of the paratypes, 14 came to AMNH: AMNH 300906–300910, 300912, 300913, males; and AMNH 300914–300920, females, all collected in May and June 1931. Of these specimens, AMNH 300912 and 300916 were exchanged to FMNH in the 1960s.

Pachycephala griseiceps subflavidior Hartert

Pachycephala griseiceps subflavidior Hartert, 1930b: 56 (Cyclops Mountains).

Now Pachycephala simplex jobiensis Meyer, 1874. See Mayr, 1967: 17, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 439–440, and Boles, 2007: 416.

Holotype

AMNH 294210, adult female, collected at Cyclop I, Cyclops Mountains, 02.32S, 140.36E (USBGN, 1982), Papua Province, Indonesia, on 23 August 1928, by Ernst Mayr (no. 1959).

Comments

Mayr's unique field number of the holotype was cited in the original description; Cyclop I refers to his first camp at 800 m, described in Mayr (1930: 25). Mayr's expedition was supported jointly by Walter Rothschild and by Leonard C. Sanford for AMNH, and his specimens were shared between the two collections. The Rothschild share came to AMNH in 1932 with the purchase of his collection. Hartert (1930b: 56) noted that his type series comprised nine specimens from the Cyclops Mountains and Hollandia; the eight paratypes are: AMNH 294207–294209 and AMNH 658563–658567.

Pachycephala griseiceps perneglecta Hartert

Pachycephala griseiceps perneglecta Hartert, 1930b: 56 (southern Snow Mountains).

Now Pachycephala simplex perneglecta 191Hartert, 1930. See Dickinson, 2003: 476, and Boles, 2007: 416.

Holotype

AMNH 658550, adult male, collected in the Maoke ( =  Snow) Mountains, Papua Province, Indonesia, on 26 October 1910, by Albert F. Eichhorn for Albert S. Meek (no. 4903). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert gave Meek's unique field number of the holotype in the original description. There are four paratypes: AMNH 658551–658554, all males, collected by Meek or Eichhorn in the southern Snow Mountains in August and October 1910. Rothschild and Hartert (1913) reported that Meek entered the Snow Mountains via the Setekwa River, 04.54S, 137.19E (USBGN, 1982), a tributary to the Utakwa ( =  Oetakwa) River.

Pachycephala peninsulae Hartert

Pachycephala peninsulae Hartert, 1899e: 33 (Cape York, N.E. Australia).

Now Pachycephala simplex peninsulae 137138139140Hartert, 1899. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 439–440, and Boles, 2007: 416.

Lectotype

AMNH 658506, adult male, collected on the Chester River, 13.42S, 143.33E (Parker, 1966), Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia, on 29 July 1898, by collectors for Albert S. Meek (no. 2041). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

No type was designated in the original description or in Hartert (1899c: 423), but Hartert (1920a: 446) listed Meek's no. 2041 for the type, thereby designating it the lectotype. The specimen bears the original field label, marked “Type,” and a Rothschild type label. Hartert did not indicate the number of specimens collected, although measurements for more than one adult were given and the immature described. The following specimens, all collected on Cape York Peninsula by Meek's collectors in July 1898, are paralectotypes: AMNH 658505 (Meek's no. 1894), male; AMNH 658507 (1868), slightly immature male; AMNH 658508 (1879), female.

As noted by Schodde and Mason (1999: 440), Eopsaltria (?) inornata Ramsay, 1875, type locality Rockingham Bay, north Queensland, was rendered permanently invalid for the northeastern Australian form of P. simplex by Mathews' (1912a: 317) provision of a replacement name (ICZN, 1999: 62, Art. 59.3).

[Pachycephala enidae Mathews]

Mathews (1912a: 317) provided the replacement name Pachycephala enidae for Eopsaltria (?) inornata Ramsay, 1875, preoccupied in Pachycephala by Pachycephala inornata Gould, 1841. At this time, Mathews (1912a: 315, 317) considered Ramsay's inornata a separate taxon from Hartert's (1899e: 33) P. peninsulae. Hartert (1920a: 446) considered them synonymous, and as such, P. peninsulae became the next available name, antedating Mathews' replacement name. The syntypes of Mathews' name are the same as those of Eopsaltria (?) inornata Ramsay: O.32614 and O.18571 in AM (Longmore, 1991: 22).

Pachycephala alberti Hartert

Pachycephala alberti Hartert, 1898c: 9 (Sudest Island).

Now Pachycephala simplex sudestensis (De Vis, 1892). See Coates, 1990: 213–215, and Boles, 2007: 416.

Lectotype

AMNH 658629, adult male, collected on Tacuta ( =  Tagula or Sudest) Island, 11.30S, 153.30E (PNG, 1984), Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, on 8 April, 1898, by Albert S. Meek (no. 1693). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

No type was designated in the original description. Hartert (1920a: 446) listed as type Meek's specimen no. 1693, thereby designating it the lectotype. Hartert (1898b: 523) discussed his new form and noted that Meek collected nine specimens. In addition to the lectotype, seven paralectotypes came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection, all collected by Meek on Tacuta in April 1898: AMNH 658630–658632, males, and AMNH 658633–658636, females.

Based on De Vis' published description Hartert (1898b: 523) decided De Vis' form, Eopsaltria sudestensis, was not the same as his Pachycephala alberti. However, Mayr (1941: 151) listed alberti as a synonym of sudestensis, the holotype of which, in QM, has not been found (Ingram, 1987: 251).

Pachycephala orpheus wetterensis Hellmayr

Pachycephala orpheus wetterensis Hellmayr, 1914: 35 (Wetter Isl.).

Now Pachycephala orpheus wetterensis Hellmayr, 1914. See Mayr, 1967: 19, and below.

Holotype

AMNH 658646, adult female, collected on Wetar ( =  Wetter) Island, 07.48S, 126.18E (White and Bruce, 1986: 491), Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, on 9 October 1902, by Heinrich Kühn (no. 5725). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hellmayr gave Kühn's unique field number of the holotype in the original description and listed a type series of four males and four females, including the holotype. The seven paratypes, all collected on Wetar in 1902 by Kühn, are: AMNH 658642–658645 and 658647–658649.

Two additional specimens of this form collected by Kühn on Wetar in 1902 are not paratypes: AMNH 454274, a partial albino not mentioned by Hellmayr in his description of wetterensis, and AMNH 295114, a specimen purchased from the dealer Rosenberg by Leonard C. Sanford for AMNH.

White and Bruce (1986: 378) synonymized wetterensis with nominate orpheus, and this was followed by Dickinson (2003: 476) and by Boles (2007: 417). Nevertheless, a comparison of 20 specimens of nominate orpheus in AMNH with Hellmayr's type series confirms that the head and back are consistently more brownish gray and the rump and upper tail coverts more rusty gold in wetterensis, supporting Mayr's (1967: 19) recognition of wetterensis.

Pachycephala everetti Hartert

Pachycephala everetti Hartert, 1896b: 170 (Djampea).

Now Pachycephala fulvotincta everetti 121122123124125Hartert, 1896. See Dickinson 2003: 476, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Lectotype

AMNH 657442, adult male, collected on Tanahjampea ( =  Djampea) Island, 07.05S, 120.42E (White and Bruce, 1986: 491), Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, in December 1895, by Alfred Everett. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

No type was designated in the original description nor was the number of specimens in the type series indicated. Hartert (1920a: 449) listed as type a male collected on Djampea by Heinrich Kühn in December 1895; however, this did not serve to designate a lectotype as there are seven male specimens among the 10 collected by Kühn in December 1895 on Djampea. AMNH 657442, bearing a Rothschild type label, is the specimen Hartert intended as the type. Everett's field label is also marked “Type.” In order to remove the ambiguity and confirm Hartert's intended type, I hereby designate AMNH 657442 the lectotype of Pachycephala everetti 121122123124125Hartert, 1896. Paralectotypes are: AMNH 657443–657451.

Dickinson (2003: 476) separated the “fulvotincta group” of subspecies as a separate species; Boles (2007: 421) retained the broad species P. pectoralis.

Pachycephala pectoralis javana Hartert

Pachycephala pectoralis javana Hartert, 1928b: 88 (Mt. Ardjuno, East Java).

Now Pachycephala fulvotincta javana 188Hartert, 1928. See Dickinson, 2003: 476, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Lectotype

AMNH 657363, adult male, collected on Mt. Ardjuna ( =  Ardjuno), 07.45S, 112.32E (Times Atlas), Java, Greater Sunda Islands, Indonesia, on 8 December 1927, by J.J. Menden. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Hartert designated as type a male collected by Menden on Mt. Ardjuno on 8 December 1927, and noted that he had six male, one female and one male immature specimens. There are, in fact, six male, two female, and one immature male specimens collected by Menden on Mt. Ardjuna in 1927 that are now in AMNH, two males of which bear the date 8 December. This form was named too late to have been included in any of Hartert's lists of Rothschild types. AMNH 657363 bears a Rothschild type label and Menden's label is marked “Type.” This specimen is undoubtedly Hartert's chosen type specimen; it was so cataloged when the Rothschild Collection came to AMNH and has always been considered the type. In order to remove the ambiguity, I hereby designate AMNH 657363 the lectotype of Pachycephala pectoralis javana Hartert. All of the remaining specimens would have been in Hartert's hand when the form was described and they are paralectotypes: AMNH 657364–AMNH 657371.

Hartert (1928b: 89) specifically excluded from javana two juvenile specimens collected by Doherty and by Stresemann on Bali. He also mentioned that specimens had been collected by Robinson “some time ago” on Java. These specimens are not in AMNH.

I follow Dickinson (2003: 476) by including javana in the species P. fulvotincta.

Pachycephala fulviventris Hartert

Pachycephala fulviventris Hartert, 1896f: 47 (Sumba).

Now Pachycephala fulvotincta fulviventris 121122123124125Hartert, 1896. See Dickinson, 2003: 476, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Lectotype

AMNH 657374, adult male, collected on Sumba Island, 10.00S, 120.00E (White and Bruce, 1986: 491), Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, in February 1896, by William Doherty. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert did not designate a type in the original description, but described both male and female. In his later account of the entire Doherty collection from Sumba, Hartert (1896d: 583–584) said only that he had a “good series.” Hartert (1920a: 449) listed the type as a male in the Rothschild Collection collected by Doherty in February 1896; however, there are five males from the Rothschild Collection with those data. AMNH 657374 bears the Rothschild type label and Doherty's label, marked “Type.” In order to remove any ambiguity and confirm Hartert's chosen specimen as the type, I hereby designate AMNH 657374 the lectotype of Pachycephala fulviventris Hartert. The paralectotypes are: AMNH 657375–657384, four males and six females collected by Doherty on Sumba in February 1896. One additional specimen of Hartert's original series is in RMNH (Dekker and Quaisser, 2006: 7). Two AMNH specimens collected by Everett on Sumba in September 1896 were collected after P. fulviventris was published in June.

Information on Doherty's collecting localities is found in Hartert (1896d: 579), and Doherty (1891) published an article on his earlier butterfly collecting on Sumba, with much information on the island.

Pachycephala melanura arthuri Hartert

Pachycephala melanura arthuri Hartert, 1906a: 299 (Wetter).

Now Pachycephala macrorhyncha calliope Bonaparte, 1850. See Galbraith, 1956: 202, Dickinson, 2003: 476, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 657408, adult male, collected on Wetar ( =  Wetter) Island, 07.48S, 126.18E (White and Bruce, 1986: 491), Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, on 14 September 1902, by Heinrich Kühn (no. 5498). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert cited Kühn's unique field number of the holotype in the original description. Earlier, in his report on Kühn's complete Wetar collection, Hartert (1904a: 210), under Pachycephala calliope, listed six males and one female, giving Kühn's field numbers for them. Four male and one female paratypes came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection: AMNH 657409 (Kühn no. 5497), AMNH 657410 (5500), AMNH 657411 (5499), AMNH 657412 (5634), and AMNH 657413 (5517). AMNH 295113, male, collected by Kühn on Wetar, was purchased from the dealer W.F.H. Rosenberg by Leonard C. Sanford for AMNH; it has no Kühn field number on the label, and so there is no way of knowing whether this is the potential fifth male paralectotype, specimen no. 5496 listed by Hartert.

Pachycephala melanura tepa Hartert

Pachycephala melanura tepa Hartert, 1906a: 299 (Tepa, Babber Island).

Now Pachycephala macrorhyncha sharpei A.B. Meyer, 1885. See Hartert, 1920a: 448, Dickinson, 2003: 476, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 657420, adult male, collected at Tepa, 07.52S, 129.35E (Times Atlas), Babar ( =  Babber) Island, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, on 15 September 1905, by Heinrich Kühn (no. 6644a). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert gave Kühn's unique field number of the holotype in the original description and said that he had 20 specimens collected in August and September 1905. An additional ten specimens came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection and are paratypes: AMNH 657421 (Kühn no. 6621), AMNH 657422 (6729), AMNH 657423 (6645), AMNH 657424 (6672), AMNH 657425 (6702), AMNH 657426 (6774), AMNH 657427 (6651), AMNH 657428 (6642), AMNH 657429 (6896), and AMNH 657430 (6897). Leonard C. Sanford purchased for AMNH the following two specimens from W.F.H. Rosenberg, which are also paratypes because they retain Rothschild labels with Kühn field numbers: AMNH 295111 (6808) and AMNH 295112 (6676). Specimens bearing the following Kühn field numbers are also paratypes, if found: 6660, 6733, 6739, 6757, 6804, 6820, 6830, and 6889.

Hartert (1920a: 448) himself recognized that P.melanura tepa was a junior synonym of A.B. Meyer's name, P. sharpei.

Pachycephala melanura dammeriana Hartert

Pachycephala melanura dammeriana Hartert, 1900a: 17 (Dammer Island in the Banda Sea).

Now Pachycephala macrorhyncha dammeriana 142143Hartert, 1900. See Dickinson, 2003: 476, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Lectotype

AMNH 657414, adult male, collected at Wulur, 07.09S, 128.39E (Times Atlas), Damar ( =  Dammer) Island, Moluccas, Indonesia, on 27 November 1898, by Heinrich Kühn (no. 1092). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert did not designate a type in the original description; later he (Hartert, 1920a: 448) listed Kühn's specimen number 1092 as the type, thereby designating it the lectotype. It bears a Rothschild type label and Kühn's label, marked “Type.” In the original description, Hartert did not say how many specimens he had, only that he had a single female; Hartert (1906a: 299) gave measurements for five males. Six specimens came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection, but four are marked as males and two as females. It is possible that Hartert considered one of the females to be an immature male, as its wing measurement, 90 mm, falls within those he gave for males (Hartert, 1906a: 299). The second female is smaller and shows signs of immaturity. The five paratypes are: AMNH 657415–657419, collected on Damar by Kühn in November and December 1898.

Pachycephala par Hartert

Pachycephala par Hartert, 1904a: 211 (Roma).

Now Pachycephala macrorhyncha par 154155156Hartert, 1904. See Dickinson, 2003: 476, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 658655, adult male, collected on Romang ( =  Roma) Island, 07.35S, 127.26E (White and Bruce, 1986: 491), Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, on 9 August 1902, by Heinrich Kühn (no. 5339). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert cited Kühn's unique field number of the holotype in the original description, noted that he had four male and four female specimens collected on Romang in July and August 1902, and gave Kühn's field numbers. The three male and four female paratypes are: AMNH 658656 (Kühn no. 5340), AMNH 658657 (5316), AMNH 658658 (5369), AMNH 658659 (5376), AMNH 658660 (5226), AMNH 658661 (5317), and AMNH 658662 (5176).

Pachycephala par compar Hartert

Pachycephala par compar Hartert, 1904a: 212 (Letti).

Now Pachycephala macrorhyncha compar 154155156Hartert, 1904. See Dickinson, 2003: 476, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 658663, adult male, collected on Leti ( =  Letti) Island, 08.12S, 127.41E (White and Bruce, 1986: 490), Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, on 4 November 1902, by Heinrich Kühn (no. 6033). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert cited Kühn's unique field number of the holotype in the original description and gave the range as Leti and Moa islands. He noted that he had two males and five females from Leti and three males and one female from Moa, giving Kühn's numbers for them. The following nine paratypes came to AMNH: Leti, male, AMNH 658664 (Kühn no. 6031), females, AMNH 658665 (6438), AMNH 658666 (6032), AMNH 658667 (6439), AMNH 658668 (6030); Moa, males, AMNH 658669 (6250), AMNH 658670 (6251), AMNH 658671 (6344), and female, AMNH 658672 (6204). Kühn's specimen no. 6437 did not come to AMNH, but is a paratype, if found.

Pachycephala pectoralis alfurorum Stresemann

Pachycephala pectoralis alfurorum Stresemann, 1914a: 132 (Gunung Sofia (Mittel-Seran), 4800 f.).

Now Pachycephala macrorhyncha macrorhyncha Strickland, 1849. See Galbraith, 1956: 202, White and Bruce, 1986: 479–481, Dickinson, 2003: 476, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 657506, adult male, collected on Mt. Sofia, 4800 ft, Seram Island, Moluccas, Indonesia, on 14 June 1911, by Erwin Stresemann (no. 614) on the Second Freiburger Molukken-Expedition. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Stresemann designated as holotype his specimen no. 614, giving measurements of 10 males and 10 females from Seram; in addition, there were a number of immatures that were probably not measured. Twelve of Stresemann's specimens came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection; the 11 paratypes in AMNH are: AMNH 657501–657505, AMNH 657507–657510, AMNH 657512, and AMNH 657513, from Manusela, Mt. Sofia, Wahai, Mt. Hoale, and Orangebirge. There are 11 paratypes in NNM (Dekker and Quaisser, 2006: 6–7), and Stresemann (1914: 133) also listed specimens collected by Stalker on Seram that are probably in BMNH.

Pachycephala melanura buruensis Hartert

Pachycephala melanura buruensis Hartert, 1899d: 32 (Buru).

Now Pachycephala macrorhyncha buruensis 137138139140Hartert, 1899. See White and Bruce, 1986: 379–381, Dickinson, 2003: 476, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Lectotype

AMNH 657483, adult male, collected on Kapalatmada ( =  Mount Madang or Mada, as on label), 3000 ft, 03.15S, 126.09E (USBGN, 1982), Buru Island, Moluccas, Indonesia, in August or September 1898, by J.M. Dumas. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert did not designate a type in the original description, based on specimens collected by Dumas; nor did he (Hartert, 1900b: 237) provide information on a type in his paper on the birds of Buru, which also included a collection made by Doherty. Hartert (1920a: 448) listed as the type of buruensis an adult male collected on “Mt. Mada,” 3000 ft, August–September 1898, by J. Dumas. There are three specimens now in AMNH with identical data, but AMNH 657483 bears a Rothschild type label and a field label marked “Type” and is Hartert's intended type. In order to confirm Hartert's intent and to remove any ambiguity created by additional specimens with identical data, I hereby designate AMNH 657483 the lectotype of Pachycephala melanura buruensis Hartert.

Although Hartert described adult male and female and immature male in the original description, he did not enumerate his specimens. The following paralectotypes are Dumas specimens now in AMNH: AMNH 657484–657486, adult males; and AMNH 657487, immature male. Other specimens, including at least one adult female, may have been exchanged by Rothschild before his collection came to AMNH.

The field label on Dumas' specimens is printed with A. Everett's name. Dumas was Everett's assistant in the field and arrangements had been made for him to collect on Buru shortly before Everett's death in 1898.

Stresemann (1914b: 361) noted that Kapala Madang was an equivalent name for Mt. Fogha and Mt. Mada; I think this refers to Kapalatmada, 03.15S, 126.09E (USBGN, 1982), although Rothschild and Hartert (1923: 118) listed Mount Fogha  =  Mount Tomahu, 03.14S, 126.04E (USBGN, 1982).

Pachycephala pectoralis interjecta Mathews

Pachycephala pectoralis interjecta Mathews, 1920: 222 (Stirling Ranges).

Now Pachycephala pectoralis occidentalis Ramsay, 1878. See Mayr, 1954: 22, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 441–444, Boles, 2007: 421, and Jønsson et al., 2008.

Syntypes

AMNH 657723 (Mathews no. 10596), adult male, 31 August 1911; AMNH 657724 (10593), immature male, 30 August 1911; AMNH 657725 (10595), 4 October 1911; AMNH 657726 (6127), non-breeding female, 19 October 1910; AMNH 657727 (6128), female, 9 September 1910; AMNH 657728 (10592), female, 8 September 1911; AMNH 657729 (10594), [unsexed], 22 August 1911; and AMNH 657730 (6129), female, Lake Balikup, 10 September 1910; all collected in the Stirling Range, Western Australia, Australia, by F. Lawson Whitlock. From the Mathews Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews made no mention of a type for this name; therefore, all of his specimens from the Stirling Range must be considered syntypes (see also Mayr, 1954: 12). AMNH 657724, 657725, and 657728 bear labels printed “Collection of H.L. White”; however, they were all entered in Mathews catalog as having come directly from Whitlock.

Mayr (1954: 22) recognized P. p. occidentalis and considered interjecta a synonym of it. Schodde and Mason (1999: 441–444) considered occidentalis a synonym of fuliginosa with reservations, and Schodde (personal commun., 2009), with additional material, has found that occidentalis should be recognized.

Pachycephala pectoralis myponga Mathews

Pachycephala pectoralis myponga Mathews, 1920: 222 (Myponga).

Now Pachycephala pectoralis fuliginosa Vigors and Horsfield, 1827. See Mayr, 1967: 22, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 441–444, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Syntypes

AMNH 657671 (Mathews no. 12840, S.A. White no. 611), male, 21 March; AMNH 657672 (15841, 612), male, 22 March; AMNH 657673 (12838, 614), female, 21 March; AMNH 657674 (12837, 613), female, 23 March; AMNH 657675 (12839, 622), female, 24 March; and AMNH 657676 (12836, 623), female, 20 March, all collected at Myponga, 35.24S, 138.27E (USBGN, 1957), Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia, Australia, in 1912 by Samuel A. White. From the Mathews Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews did not designate a type for myponga, therefore all of the S.A. White specimens from Myponga are syntypes. There are perhaps additional syntypes in SAMA.

Pachycephala pectoralis bettingtoni Mathews

Pachycephala pectoralis bettingtoni Mathews, 1920: 222 (Bellbird Bore, Victorian Mallee).

Now Pachycephala pectoralis fuliginosa Vigors and Horsfield, 1827. See Mayr, 1967: 22, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 441–444, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Syntypes

AMNH 657608 (Mathews no. 18292), male; and AMNH 657609 (18291), female, collected at Bellbird Bore, northwest Victoria, Australia, on 24 September 1913, by Thomas H. Tregellas. From the Mathews Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews said only that the “type” of bettingtoni was from Bellbird Bore. Only two specimens from this locality came to AMNH; as there is no way of distinguishing between these specimens, both must be considered syntypes. Mathews mentioned that he had other specimens from Lingerande and Kow Plains, but these are not from the specified type locality.

Pachycephala gutturalis youngi Mathews

Pachycephala gutturalis youngi Mathews, 1912a: 313 (Victoria).

Now Pachycephala pectoralis youngi 257258259260Mathews, 1912. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 441–444, Boles, 2007: 421, and Jønsson et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 657627, adult [male], collected at Lal Lal, 37.41S, 144.02E (USBGN, 1957), Victoria, Australia, in May 1886, from the Edwin Ashby Collection. From the Mathews Collection (no. 2635) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews gave his catalog number of the holotype in the original description. It is not clear whether Ashby collected this specimen himself or only had it in his collection. The following numbers appear on Ashby's label: “113,” “2” within a circle, “no. 35” (which has been crossed out), and “667A” (which refers to the number of this species in Mathews, 1908); also present is the following notation: “Pachycephala intermedia North/examined by A.J. North/16.6.03.” The holotype also bears a Mathews Collection label and a Mathews type label, with Mathews' catalog number. Victorian specimens that were cataloged by Mathews before the publication of youngi are paratypes: Blackburn, AMNH 657575 (Mathews no. 3781), male, 9 July 1910; Ringwood, AMNH 657576 (5051), male, 25 April 1910, AMNH 657577, male, 14 June 1911, AMNH 657578 (5052), female, 28 March 1910, AMNH 657579 (8646), female, 25 February 1911, AMNH 657580 (8647), female, 25 February 1911, all collected by T. Tregellas; Black Spur, AMNH 657605 (2634), male, May 1886, Ashby; Mitcham, AMNH 657630 (5943), male, 6 August 1910, by T. Tregellas. Three specimens, AMNH 657628 and AMNH 657629, males, Lang Lang, 10 March 1908; and AMNH 657661, male, Hawthorne, 7 August 1906, collected by C.F. Cole before the publication of youngi are not considered paratypes as I did not find them in Mathews' catalog, and Whittell (1954: 158) noted that Cole sent Mathews a large collection of birdskins later, in 1914. I have no information about when the following four specimens came into Mathews' collection: AMNH 657574, female, Grantville, Gippsland, 1903; AMNH 657604, female, Beaconsfield, 11 June 1910; AMNH 657631, immature male, Myrniong, 10 January 1897, Robert Hall; and AMNH 657635, female, Seville, 1884, H. Mills. Specimens from Selby and Olinda collected in December 1911 and January 1912 by Tregellas were not cataloged until March and May 1912, after the publication of youngi.

Pachycephala gutturalis ashbyi Mathews

Pachycephala gutturalis ashbyi Mathews, 1912a: 313 (Blackall Ranges, Queensland).

Now Pachycephala pectoralis pectoralis Latham, 1801. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 441–444, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 657823, male, collected in the Blackall Range, 26.42S, 152.53E (USBGN, 1957), Queensland, Australia, on 29 September 1903, from the Edwin Ashby Collection. From the Mathews Collection (no. 2633) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews gave his catalog number of the holotype in the original description. There are no other Mathews specimens from southern Queensland in AMNH that were collected before the publication of ashbyi.

Galbraith (1956: 200) synonymized ashbyi with queenslandica; Mayr (1967: 23) recognized both queenslandica and ashbyi, but see Schodde and Mason (1999: 443–444) for a summary of subsequent treatments. Schodde and Mason (1999: 444) designated a neotype for Pachycephala pectoralis Latham, 1801.

[Pachycephala temporalis]

Mathews (1915b: 128) used this name in error for P. pectoralis in an article concerning the “admission of colour-genera” with no intent to introduce it. Later, he (Mathews, 1920: 210 and 1930: 665) referred to this error.

Pachycephala contempta Hartert

Pachycephala contempta Hartert, 1898d: 15 (Lord Howe Island).

Now Pachycephala pectoralis contempta 132133134135Hartert, 1898. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 441–444, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Lectotype

AMNH 658048, [adult male], collected on Lord Howe Island, Tasman Sea, Australia, purchased from H.H. Travers. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

No type was designated in the original description. Three adult male specimens [by plumage] collected on Lord Howe Island and purchased from Travers came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection. Hartert (1920a: 448) did not further distinguish among the three specimens, but AMNH 658048 bears, in addition to the Travers label and a small metal tag with the number 0.1444, a Rothschild type label, indicating that this was the specimen Hartert intended as the type, and it was so cataloged when the Rothschild Collection came to AMNH. In order to confirm Hartert's intent and prevent misinterpretation of earlier literature, I hereby designate AMNH 658048 the lectotype of Pachycephala contempta 132133134135Hartert, 1898. The paralectotypes are AMNH 658049 and AMNH 658050.

Pachycephala melanura bynoei Mathews

Pachycephala melanura bynoei Mathews, 1918a: 136 (Port Hedland).

Now Pachycephala melanura melanura Gould, 1843. See Galbraith, 1956: 199, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 445–446, and Boles, 2007: 427.

Holotype

AMNH 657830, adult male, collected at Port Hedland, 20.24S, 118.36E (Times Atlas), Western Australia, Australia, on 22 October 1914, by F. Lawson Whitlock for Henry L. White. From the Mathews Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews described only the male and said that his type was collected at Port Hedland on 22 October 1913. AMNH 657830 is the only Port Hedland specimen from the Mathews Collection. The H.L. White label is marked “Type of bynoei” by Mathews, and the specimen bears in addition a Mathews and a Rothschild type label. Mathews did not catalog specimens collected as late as 1914.

Mayr (1967: 23–24) recognized bynoei and included it in P. pectoralis. See Schodde and Mason (1999: 445–446) for a discussion of species and subspecies limits.

Pachycephala gutturalis violetae Mathews

Pachycephala gutturalis violetae Mathews, 1912c: 76 (West Northern Territory).

Now Pachycephala melanura robusta Masters, 1876. See Galbraith, 1956: 199, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 445–446, Boles, 2007: 427, and Jønsson et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 657875, adult male, collected on the Daly River, 13.38S, 132.37E (Times Atlas), Northern Territory, Australia, 10 September 1894, by Knut Dahl (no. 757). From the Mathews Collection (no. 11020) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description. Only one AMNH specimen of violetae is a paratype: AMNH 657876 (Mathews no. 11019), female, collected on the Daly River on 1 September 1894 by Dahl.

Both Galbraith (1956: 199) and Mayr (1967: 24) recognized violetae. See Schodde and Mason (1999: 445–446) for a discussion of species and subspecies limits.

Pachycephala gutturalis consobrina Mathews

Pachycephala gutturalis consobrina Mathews, 1912c: 76 (Buchanan Island, Northern Territory).

Now Pachycephala melanura robusta Masters, 1876. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 445–446, Boles, 2007: 427, and Jønsson et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 657882, adult male, collected on Buchanan Island, 11.49S, 130.39E (Storr, 1977: 106), entrance to Apsley Strait, Tiwi Islands, Northern Territory, Australia, on 17 February 1912, by John P. Rogers (no. 2889). From the Mathews Collection (no. 11859) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews gave his catalog number of the holotype but did not say how many specimens he examined. The holotype was the only specimen Mathews cataloged (as P. melanura) on 7 May 1912; he published P. g. consobrina on 28 June 1912. All other Buchanan Island specimens that Mathews received from Rogers were cataloged 17 August 1912, after the publication of the name.

Galbraith (1956) did not list consobrina; Mayr (1967: 24) synonymized it with violetae. See Schodde and Mason (1999: 445–446) for a discussion of species and subspecies limits.

Pachycephala robusta borroloola Mathews

Pachycephala robusta borroloola Mathews, 1918a: 137 (McArthur River, Eastern Northern Territory to Normanton).

Now Pachycephala melanura robusta Masters, 1876. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 445–446, Boles, 2007: 427, and Jønsson et al., 2008.

Lectotype

AMNH 657894, adult male, collected at Borroloola, 16.00S, 136.15E (Times Atlas), lower McArthur River, Northern Territory, Australia, on 23 June 1913, by Harry G. Barnard (no. 78) for Henry L. White. From the Mathews Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews did not designate a type in the original description or say how many specimens he examined, but he described only the male. AMNH 657894 bears in addition to the H.L. White label and a Rothschild Collection label printed “Ex. coll. G.M. Mathews,” a “Figured” label, indicating that it was illustrated in Mathews (1920, pl. 462, opp. p. 224, text p. 225). There he noted that the figured male, collected at Borroloola on 23 June 1913, was the type of borroloola, thereby designating it the lectotype. It had not previously been included in the AMNH type collection.

The female, AMNH 657895, bearing the same data and a “Figured” label, was pictured with the above male, but no type status for it was indicated in Mathews' text. It is a paralectotype of borroloola. Neither of these specimens was entered in Mathews' catalog.

Mayr (1967: 24) considered borroloola a synonym of P. pectoralis violetae; see Schodde and Mason (1999: 445–446) for a discussion of species and subspecies limits.

Pachycephala robusta intercedens Mathews

Pachycephala robusta intercedens Mathews, 1920: 227 (Normanton, Queensland).

Now Pachycephala melanura robusta Masters, 1876. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 445–446, and Boles, 2007: 427.

Syntypes

AMNH 657896 (Kemp no. 4194), adult male, 21 March 1914; AMNH 657897 (4003), adult male, 18 February 1914; AMNH 657898 (4252), adult male, 1 April 1914; AMNH 657899 (4356), adult male, 15 April 1914; AMNH 657900 (3579), male immature, 5 December 1913; AMNH 657901 (4254), male immature, 1 April 1914; AMNH 657902 (4208), female, 24 March 1914; AMNH 657903 (4190), female?, 21 March 1914; AMNH 657904 (4357), female, 16 April 1914, all collected at Normanton, 17.40S, 141.05E (Times Atlas), Queensland, Australia, by Robin Kemp.

Comments

Mathews did not indicate a type; therefore, all of the specimens collected by Kemp at Normanton must be considered syntypes. AMNH 657901, immature male, was described in Mathews (1920: 225–226) but was not figured, and no statement was made as to its type status; its label is marked “described.”

Mayr (1967: 24) listed intercedens as a synonym of P. pectoralis violetae; see Schodde and Mason (1999: 445–446) for a discussion of species and subspecies limits.

Pachycephala pectoralis balim Rand

Pachycephala pectoralis balim Rand, 1940: 8 (Balim River, altitude 1600 meters; Snow Mts., Netherland [sic] New Guinea).

Now Pachycephala pectoralis balim Rand, 1940. See Sibley and Monroe, 1990: 460, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 443, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 305652, female, collected on the Baliem ( =  Balim) River, 1600 meters, 04.25S, 138.59E (USBGN, 1982), Maoke ( =  Snow) Mountains, Papua Province ( =  Netherlands New Guinea), Indonesia, on 12 December 1938, by R. Archbold, A.L. Rand, and W.B. Richardson on the 1938–1939 Archbold Expedition to New Guinea (no. 8631).

Comments

In the original description, the AMNH number of the holotype and measurements for 14 males and eight females were given. The type series from the Baliem and Ibele ( =  Bele, as on label) rivers comprised 16 males, eight females (including the holotype), one sex ?, and one female nestling; the 25 paratypes are AMNH 341477–341501. The 1938–1939 expedition was a joint expedition with the Netherlands New Guinea government, known as the Indisch-Amerikaansche Expeditie, and a share of the specimens was sent to MZB in May 1957, including three specimens of this form: AMNH 341480, 341486, and 341494. AMNH 341492 and 341499 were exchanged to FMNH in the early 1960s.

Sibley and Monroe (1990: 460) suggested that balim might be considered a species separate from P. pectoralis, but most authors have retained it as a subspecies, e.g. Beehler and Finch (1985: 43), Schodde and Mason (1999: 443), Dickinson (2003: 476), and Boles (2007: 421).

Pachycephala pectoralis fergussonis Mayr

Pachycephala pectoralis fergussonis Mayr, 1936: 2 (Fergusson Island, D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago).

Now Pachycephala melanura dahli Reichenow, 1897. See Galbraith, 1956: 207, Coates, 1990: 211–212, and Boles, 2007: 427.

Holotype

AMNH 330000, adult [male], collected on Fergusson Island, D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, on 19 January 1929, on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 36615).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was given in the original description. It was sexed as a female on the original label but is in full adult male plumage. There is one paratype: AMNH 330001 (36616), collected on Fergusson Island on 18 January 1929.

Hannibal Hamlin, leader of the Whitney South Sea Expedition, noted in his journal (vol. T, p. 36, unpublished journal of the Whitney South Sea Expedition in the archives of the Department of Ornithology, AMNH) that he was not present when the expedition vessel, France, made its stop on Fergusson. The information on collecting localities and dates available to Hamlin were derived from the logbook of the France and there are some discrepancies. Charlie and Teora, who were the collectors, reversed the sex symbols, but Hamlin noted “When I went over the collection I found that in every case, without exception, the male sign had been substituted for the female, and vice versa.” He later changed all of these.

Prior to 18 January, the France was anchored off Fergusson, near the mission station at Salamo, ca. 09.40S, 150.47E. On the 18th, they received fuel that had been brought them by the mission vessel and sailed the same day. The holotype of fergussonis is the only specimen listed as having been collected on the 19th, when the France was at sea. The label, written later by Hamlin, originally gave the date as “Jan 1915,” an obvious slip of the pen. 1915 has been crossed out and replaced by 1929 with the 19 and the 29 separated by the crossed out date. This was interpreted as 19 January '29. I think it was probably collected on the 15 January, as according to Hamlin's journal, collecting took place from the ship between 14 and 17 January, probably at Salamo or on one of the small islands offshore. The holotype and paratype of fergussonis are the only two specimens referred to on Hamlin's list as “white-bib thickhead.” All other thickheads are listed either as “thickhead” or “white-breast thickhead” (Pachycephala simplex).

Pachycephala pectoralis misimae Rothschild and Hartert

Pachycephala pectoralis misimae Rothschild and Hartert, 1918: 311 (St. Aignan or Misima Island).

Now Pachycephala citreogaster collaris E.P. Ramsay, 1878. See Galbraith, 1956: 203, 206–209, Coates, 1990: 209–211, Dickinson, 2003: 476–477, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 657996, adult male, collected on Kimuta Island, 10.50S, 152.55E (PNG, 1984), Renard Group, Louisiade Archipelago, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, on 29 November 1897, by A.S. Meek (no. 1044). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Rothschild and Hartert designated Meek's specimen no. 1044 as holotype, collected on 29 November 1897. All of Meek's specimens from this collection were labeled as coming from “St. Aignan” ( =  Misima) Island; however, as shown by LeCroy and Peckover (1998: 230), Meek's collectors were on Kimuta Island, not Misima, from 26 November to 28 December 1897, and may have been on both islands during the period 5–11 September. The type of P. p. misimae was collected on Kimuta on 29 November and the type locality should be corrected accordingly. Meek apparently did not collect Pachycephala on Misima, nor has anyone else collected or reported it from there. Another of his specimens in AMNH was collected on 10 September and was probably also collected on Kimuta. One was collected on 31 July, perhaps in the Engineer Group. Specimens from Meek's collection in other museums confirm this (LeCroy and Peckover, 1998).

Hartert (1899b: 207) reported on Meek's collection from “St. Aignan” and listed this form as Pachycephala rosseliana, saying only that Meek sent a “good series” of specimens. Paratypes are the specimens that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection; the additional specimens in other museums are not considered paratypes as there is no indication that Rothschild and Hartert studied them before they were sent to the dealer E. Gerrard for sale (LeCroy and Peckover, 1998: 231–232). Paratypes of misimae are: AMNH 657993 (Meek no. 1208), male, 20 December; AMNH 657994 (1087), male, 3 December; AMNH 657997 (1031), female, 26 November; AMNH 657998 (1116), female, 4 December, all collected on Kimuta in 1897; and AMNH 657995 (721), male, 31 July 1897, probably collected in the Engineer Group. This last specimen was exchanged to FMNH in the early 1960s and should be checked for subspecific identity. AMNH 156437 (Meek no. 1126) was obtained directly from J.H. Fleming (no. 20404). There is no indication it was ever in the Rothschild Collection and Fleming undoubtedly obtained it directly from Gerrard, as he did his other specimens of this form that are now in ROM (LeCroy and Peckover, 1998: 227). I do not consider it a paratype.

Meek's specimens from Kimuta have the olive green coloration on wings and tail of Pachycephala pectoralis and were put in that species by Galbraith (1956) with misimae synonymized with collaris. Coates (1990: 209–210) grouped together subspecies from the Louisiades but retained them in P. pectoralis, as did Boles (2007: 421), although still stating that the form occurred on Misima as well as the Renard Group. Dickinson (2003: 476–477) separated the populations from islands southeast of New Guinea, the Louisiade Archipelago, and the Bismarck Archipelago as P. citreogaster.

Pachycephala rosseliana Hartert

Pachycephala rosseliana Hartert, 1898c: 8 (Rossel Island).

Now Pachycephala citreogaster rosseliana 132133134135Hartert, 1898. See Galbraith, 1956: 203, Coates, 1990: 209–211, Dickinson, 2003: 476–477, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Lectotype

AMNH 658007, adult male, collected on Yela ( =  Rossel) Island, 11.20S, 154.10E (PNG, 1984), Louisiade Archipelago, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, on 8 February 1898, by Albert S. Meek (no. 1405). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

No type was designated in the original description, nor was a type mentioned in Hartert's (1899a: 78) report on the entire Rossel Island collection. Hartert (1920a: 448) listed the type as Meek's specimen no. 1405, thereby designating it the lectotype. The type series comprises only those specimens from the Rothschild Collection collected by Meek on Rossel in 1898. Paralectotypes are: AMNH 658008–658015, three adult males, one immature male, and four females. Two of these, AMNH 658011 and 658013, have tags initialed by O[tto] F[insch], who apparently compared a male and a female specimen from Meek's collection with specimens of Pachycephala littayei from the Loyalty Islands.

Galbraith (1956: 203) synonymized rosseliana with P. pectoralis collaris; Coates (1990: 211) and Boles (2007: 421) recognized rosseliana as a subspecies of P. pectoralis; and Dickinson (2003: 476–477) considered rosseliana a subspecies of P. citreogaster.

Pachycephala pectoralis sexuvaria Rothschild and Hartert

Pachycephala pectoralis sexuvaria Rothschild and Hartert, 1924: 50 (St. Matthias Island).

Now Pachycephala citreogaster sexuvaria Rothschild and Hartert, 1924. See Galbraith, 1956: 203, Coates, 1990: 209–211, Mayr and Diamond, 2001: 395, Dickinson, 2003: 476–477, Boles, 2007: 421, and Jønsson et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 657990, adult female, collected on Mussau Island, 01.30S, 149.40E (PNG, 1984), Saint Matthias Group, New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, on 9 June 1923, by Albert F. Eichhorn (no. 8527). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Rothschild and Hartert noted that the type was collected on 9 June 1923; as the only specimen of sexuvaria collected on that date, AMNH 657990 is thus the holotype. Hartert (1928a: 212) gave Eichhorn's unique field number, confirming its identity. In his report on the entire collection from Mussau, Hartert (1924: 274) listed four adult males, one immature male, and three adult females collected by Eichhorn. The seven paratypes are: AMNH 657985–657989, AMNH 657991, and AMNH 657992.

Galbraith (1956: 203) considered sexuvaria a synonym of P. pectoralis citreogaster; Coates (1990: 209–211), Mayr and Diamond (2001: 395), and Boles (2007: 421) recognized it as a valid subspecies of P. pectoralis; Dickinson (2003: 476–477) and Jønsson et al. (2008) listed it as a valid subspecies of P. citreogaster.

Pachycephala pectoralis goodsoni Rothschild and Hartert

Pachycephala pectoralis goodsoni Rothschild and Hartert, 1914b: 296 (Manus).

Now Pachycephala citreogaster goodsoni Rothschild and Hartert, 1914. See Galbraith, 1956: 203, Coates, 1990: 209–211, Mayr and Diamond, 2001: 395, Dickinson, 2003: 476–477, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Lectotype

AMNH 657973, adult male, collected at Lorengau, 02.01S, 147.15E (Times Atlas), Manus Island, Admiralty Islands, Manus Province, Papua New Guinea, on 5 September 1913, by Albert F. Eichhorn for A.S. Meek (no. 5970). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Rothschild and Hartert did not designate a type in the original description; Hartert (1920a: 448) listed as type Meek's specimen no. 5970, thereby designating it the lectotype. Six adult males, two immature males, and three females, with their Meek field numbers, were listed in the original description. All of the specimens originally listed are now in AMNH, plus an additional two adult males that no longer have an original Meek label. I have considered all of these specimens paralectotypes as the Rothschild Museum label is printed with a reference to the original description, indicating they were in the Rothschild collection when the description was published: adult males, AMNH 657972, AMNH 657974 (Meek no. 5982), AMNH 657975 (5974), AMNH 657976 (5983), AMNH 657977 (5958), AMNH 657978 (5981); immature males, AMNH 657979 (6015), AMNH 657980 (5961); adult male, AMNH 657981; females, AMNH 657982 (6036), AMNH 657983 (5964), and AMNH 657984 (5959).

Meek was unable to make the scheduled trip to Manus himself, and instead sent his collectors, apparently headed by Albert F. Eichhorn, judging by the handwriting on the labels. Rothschild and Hartert (1914b: 282) noted that Meek's collectors worked near the recently opened German settlement on Manus. In the draft annual report of German New Guinea for 1913–1914 (Sack and Clark, 1980: 61), the following appears: “An Australian spent the period from September to October near the Imperial Station, engaged in collecting birds and butterflies for the Tring Museum (Rothschild) in London (sic).” The Manus station was opened in October 1911, on Seeadler Harbour (Firth, 1983: 103) and is now known as Lorengau.

Galbraith (1956: 203), Coates (1990: 209–211), Mayr and Diamond (2001: 395), and Boles (2007: 421) recognized goodsoni as a valid subspecies of P. pectoralis; Dickinson (2003: 477) included it as a subspecies in the Bismarck Archipelago species P. citreogaster.

Pachycephala pectoralis tabarensis Mayr

Pachycephala pectoralis tabarensis Mayr, 1955: 35 (Tabar Island, Tabar group).

Now Pachycephala citreogaster tabarensis Mayr, 1955. See Galbraith, 1956: 203, Coates, 1990: 209–211, Mayr and Diamond, 2001: 395, Dickinson, 2003: 477, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 335560, adult female, collected on Tabar Island, 02.58S, 152.07E (Times Atlas), Tabar Group, New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, on 14 January 1935, by William F. Coultas on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 45262).

Comments

Mayr cited the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description and gave measurements for seven adult males, two adult females, and three immature females. There are seven male and four female paratypes: AMNH 335552–335558 and 335559, 335561–335563, collected between 14 and 29 January 1935. The Coultases base camp on Tabar was at Lumburu (Coultas, vol. Y, unpublished journals of the Whitney South Sea Expedition, archives, Department of Ornithology, AMNH), ca. 02.57S, 152.00E.

Galbraith (1956: 203), Coates (1990: 209–211), Mayr and Diamond (2001: 395), and Boles (2007: 421) considered tabarensis a subspecies of P. pectoralis; Dickinson (2003: 477) included tabarensis in P. citreogaster.

Pachycephala pectoralis whitneyi Hartert

Pachycephala pectoralis whitneyi Hartert, 1929: 14 (Whitney Island).

Now Pachycephala melanura whitneyi Hartert, 1929. See Mayr, 1932a: 6–10, Galbraith, 1956: 199, 208, Mayr and Diamond, 2001: 395, Dickinson, 2003: 477, and Boles, 2007: 427.

Holotype

AMNH 219999, adult male, collected on “Whitney Island,” Solomon Islands, on 9 December 1927 by Hannibal Hamlin on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 29865).

Comments

As noted by Galbraith (1956: 199), the type designation and discussion of this form was attached in error to the description of Pachycephala implicata. However, Hartert gave the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description. It is confirmed by the fact that Hartert has so labeled it and marked the end of the Whitney Expedition label in red. The specimen also bears an AMNH type label. In the original description, Hartert gave measurements for three males and three females, apparently all that were sent to him for study. In addition, he gave the Whitney Expedition numbers for the three males that he described in detail (including the holotype), and wrote Pachycephala pectoralis whitneyi on the label. I consider only these six specimens as Hartert's type series. The five paratypes are: AMNH 219997 (Whitney no. 29813), AMNH 219998 (29814), males; AMNH 220001 (29827), AMNH 220002 (29825), and AMNH 220004 (29821), females, all collected on 8 December 1927. Other specimens collected on “Whitney Island” or on the nearby small islands of Momalufu and Akiki are not considered paratypes.

The subspecies whitneyi is considered to be of hybrid origin (Mayr, 1932a: 6–10). Most recently, it has been included in the species P. melanura (Mayr and Diamond, 2001: 395, and Dickinson, 2003: 477).

The “Whitney Islands” were named by the Whitney South Sea Expedition personnel, but never officially; the islets that make up the “Whitney” group are described as follows: Dec. 8 [1927]. “Stopped at a small island without a name on the chart, so named the group of four or five on two reefs four or five miles to the NW of Momalufu Island the Whitney Islands on suggestion of the Doctor [Frederick P. Drowne, M.D.] and Captain.” Dec. 9. “Moved across to easternmost of Whitney Islands.…” and then the France sailed on the same day to Momalufu Island. (Beck's unpublished journal, vol. D, archives, Department of Ornithology). Momalufu and Akiki were said by Mayr (1932a: 9) to be “two and a half miles west of Shortland Island, 07.05S, 155.45E (Times Atlas), and eight and a half miles south of Bougainville.”

Pachycephala pectoralis bougainvillei Mayr

Pachycephala pectoralis bougainvillei Mayr, 1932a: 10 (Bougainville Island, Solomon Islands).

Now Pachycephala orioloides bougainvillei 288Mayr, 1932. See Galbraith, 1956: 197, Schodde, 1977: 75, Coates, 1990: 211, Mayr and Diamond, 2001: 395, Dickinson, 2003: 477, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 222852, adult female, collected on Bougainville Island, North Solomons Province, Papua New Guinea, on 26 January 1928, by Frederick P. Drowne (no. 533), on the Whitney South Sea Expedition.

Comments

Mayr cited the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description and listed 36 specimens of bougainvillei, including the type, from Bougainville, Shortland, and Buka islands; there are, however, a total of 37 specimens. The 36 paratypes are: AMNH 219973–219976, 222821–222842, 222856, 222859, 222860, 222997–222999, and 223001–223004. AMNH 222822 and AMNH 222830 were exchanged to ZMB in 1936.

On Bougainville in January 1928, the Whitney Expedition personnel went inland from Kieta and set up a base camp near the village of Kupei, 06.19S, 155.33E (USBGN, 1956d), at about 2300 ft. Hamlin wrote (vol. S, unpublished journal, archives, Department of Ornithology, AMNH) that the “Black-bibbed Thickhead” occurred from the shore to 3000 ft, where it was replaced by the “Mountain Thickhead,” P. implicata.

Galbraith (1956: 197), Mayr and Diamond (2001: 395), and Boles, 2007: 421 considered bougainvillei a valid subspecies of P. pectoralis; Schodde (1977: 75) and Coates (1990: 211) considered bougainvillei a synomym of P. pectoralis orioloides; Dickinson (2003: 477) recognized bougainvillei as a subspecies of the species P. orioloides.

Pachycephala sanfordi Mayr

Pachycephala sanfordi Mayr, 1931b: 23 (Malaita Island, British Solomon Islands).

Now Pachycephala orioloides sanfordi 285286Mayr, 1931. See Galbraith, 1956: 197, Mayr and Diamond, 2001: 395, Dickinson, 2003: 477, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 227316, adult male, collected on Malaita Island, 3000 feet, Solomon Islands, on 21 March 1930, by William F. Coultas, Walter J. Eyerdam, and Hannibal Hamlin on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 39633).

Comments

Mayr cited the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description, but did not give the number of specimens in his type series. Paratypes are: AMNH 227301–227346; of these AMNH 227305 and 227332 were exchanged to ZMB in July 1936, and AMNH 227310 was exchanged to J. Berlioz in October 1932 and should now be in MHNP. I did not find AMNH 227304, and 227320 in the collection, and they were perhaps exchanged to other institutions without the catalog having been marked.

Mayr (1931b) published on the birds collected on Malaita by the Whitney Expedition and listed the various collecting localities and dates (p. 2 and map). When the holotype of sanfordi was collected, the expedition personnel were camped on Mt. Torombusu (variously spelled in the journals and  =  Mt. Kolovrat on charts of the period), now called Mt. Ire, 09.10S, 161.05E (USBGN, 1974a).

There is little known about the altitudinal distribution of Pachycephala on islands (Galbraith, 1956: 189–190). Hamlin (vol. T, unpublished journals of the Whitney South Sea Expedition, archives, Department of Ornithology, AMNH) noted that when he was collecting ashore on Malaita in early February, he “did not hear any thickheads calling.” On 15 February “thickheads” were collected between 1400 and 3400 ft. Other specimen records extend the altitudinal range of sanfordi to 4000 ft on Mt. Torombusu.

Galbraith (1956: 197), Mayr and Diamond (2001: 395) and Boles (2007: 421) have considered sanfordi a subspecies of P. pectoralis. Dickinson (2003: 477) included it in P. orioloides.

Pachycephala pectoralis pavuvu Mayr

Pachycephala pectoralis pavuvu Mayr, 1932a: 15 (Banika Island, Pavuvu or Russel [sic] group, British Solomon Islands).

Now Pachycephala orioloides pavuvu 288Mayr, 1932. See Galbraith, 1956: 197, Mayr and Diamond, 2001: 395, Dickinson, 2003: 477, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 218101, adult female, collected on Mbanika ( =  Banika) Island, 09.10S, 159.10E (Times Atlas), Russell Group, Solomon Islands, on 1 August 1927, by Rollo H. Beck on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 27161).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was given in the original description and 40 specimens, including the type, were said to have been collected on Mbanika, Pavuvu, and Moie islands in the Russell Group. I found only 39 specimens cataloged from those three islands. The 38 paratypes are: AMNH 218095–218100, 218102, 218103, 219934–219939, 222806–222815, and 222861–222874. Of these, AMNH 218103 was exchanged to ZMB in July 1936. There are two specimens of pavuvu from Keome Island in the Russell Group, but I do not consider them paratypes as this island was not mentioned as a locality in the original description. On Mbanika, the expedition schooner “France” was anchored at Lifola Plantation.

Galbraith (1956: 197) considered pavuvu a synonym of Pachycephala pectoralis orioloides, Mayr and Diamond (2001: 395) and Boles (2007: 421) recognized it as a valid subspecies of P. pectoralis, and Dickinson (2003: 477) included it as a valid subspecies of the Solomons species P. orioloides.

Pachycephala pectoralis centralis Mayr

Pachycephala pectoralis centralis Mayr, 1932a: 15 (Vangunu Island, central Solomon Islands).

Now Pachycephala orioloides centralis 288Mayr, 1932. See Galbraith, 1956: 198, Mayr and Diamond, 2001: 395, Dickinson, 2003: 477, Boles, 2007: 421, and Jønsson et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 222899, adult female, collected on Vangunu Island, Solomon Islands, on 26 July 1928, by Hannibal Hamlin on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 34847).

Comments

Mayr cited the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description. A total of 98 specimens from the four islands of Vangunu, Gatukai, New Georgia, and Kolombangara ( =  Kulambangra) were collected in September and October 1927 and June and July 1928. The 97 paratypes are: AMNH 219951–219957, 222875–222898, 222900–222954, 222976–222985, and 226363. Of these AMNH 219955 and 222980 were exchanged to ZMB in July 1936. I did not find AMNH 222918, 222926, and 222927 in the collection; they were perhaps exchanged to other museums without the catalog having been marked.

On Vangunu, the expedition schooner “France” had anchored at Emma Point, 08.42S, 158.04E (USBGN, 1974), and personnel moved inland to camp at 2100 ft, working upward from there to about 3500 ft. The exact altitude where the type was collected was not noted, but Hamlin (vol. S, unpublished journals, Whitney South Sea Expedition, archives, Department of Ornithology, AMNH) commented that the “thickheads” were expected above about 2500 ft and “It is an odd specimen of this tribe that fools around below 1000 feet.”

Galbraith (1956: 198), Mayr and Diamond (2001: 395), and Boles (2007: 421) retained centralis in P. pectoralis, while Dickinson (2003: 477) and Jønsson et al. (2008) separated Solomon Island subspecies in the species Pachycephala orioloides.

Pachycephala feminina Mayr

Pachycephala feminina Mayr, 1931a: 25 (Rennell Island).

Now Pachycephala orioloides feminina 285286Mayr, 1931. See Galbraith, 1956: 198, Mayr and Diamond, 2001: 395, Dickinson, 2003: 477, Boles, 2007: 421, and Jønsson et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 226275, adult male, collected on Rennell Island, Solomon Islands, on 30 August 1928, by Hannibal Hamlin on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 35365).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was cited in the original description, Mayr adding that his series was collected on Rennell in August 1928 and May 1930. Paratypes are: AMNH 226269–226274, 226276–226296, 226504, and 226505. AMNH 226278 and 226293 were exchanged to ZMB in July 1936.

On both visits to Rennell by the Whitney Expedition, its schooner “France” was anchored in Lughu Bay, 11.40S, 160.17E ( =  Kanggava Bay, USBGN, 1974, or Kungava Bay, Mayr and Hamlin, 1931: 3).

Galbraith (1956: 198), Mayr and Diamond (2001: 395), and Boles (2007: 421) considered feminina a subspecies of P. pectoralis, while Dickinson (2003: 477) and Jønsson et al. (2008) considered it a subspecies of a Solomon Island species, P. orioloides.

Pachycephala pectoralis melanoptera Mayr

Pachycephala pectoralis melanoptera Mayr, 1932a:18 (Tetipari, central Solomon Islands).

Now Pachycephala orioloides melanoptera 288Mayr, 1932. See Galbraith, 1956: 198, Mayr and Diamond, 2001: 395, Dickinson, 2003: 477, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 226318, adult male, collected on Tetepare ( =  Tetipari) Island, 08.43S, 157.33E (USBGN, 1974), Solomon Islands, on 4 August 1928, by Hannibal Hamlin on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 35026).

Comments

Mayr cited the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description and gave measurements of 30 specimens from Tetepare and Rendova islands. In fact, 34 specimens of melanoptera were collected by the Whitney Expedition; the 33 paratypes are AMNH 226297–226313 from Rendova, and AMNH 226314–226317 and 226319–226330 from Tetepare. Of these, AMNH 226321 and 226329 were exchanged to ZMB in July 1936. Rendova specimens that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection in 1932 were not part of Mayr's type series.

Galbraith (1956: 198), Mayr and Diamond (2001: 395), and Boles (2007: 421) considered melanoptera a subspecies of P. pectoralis, while Dickinson (2003: 477) considered it a subspecies of the Solomon Island species P. orioloides.

Pachycephala melanonota Hartert

Pachycephala melanonota Hartert, 1908: 106 (Vella Lavella I., Central Group of the Solomon Islands).

Now Pachycephala orioloides melanonota Hartert, 1908. See Galbraith, 1956: 197, Mayr and Diamond, 2001: 395, Dickinson, 2003: 477, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 658153, adult male, collected on Vella Lavella Island, 07.45S, 156.40E (USBGN, 1974), Solomon Islands, on 23 February 1908, by collectors for A.S. Meek (no. 3834). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert cited Meek's unique field number of the holotype in the original description; Rothschild and Hartert (1908: 358) listed the specimens in Meek's collection, giving his field numbers. The following seven specimens are paratypes: AMNH 658154 (Meek no. 3897), male; AMNH 658155 (3846), male; AMNH 658156 (3896), sexed as a male but considered a female juv. by Rothschild and Hartert; AMNH 658157 (3946), male; AMNH 658158 (3964), female; AMNH 658159 (3953), sexed as a female but considered a male juv. by Rothschild and Hartert; and AMNH 658160 (3765), female. Rothschild and Hartert (1908: pl. 13) illustrated the adult male of melanonota.

Galbraith (1956: 197), Mayr and Diamond (2001: 395), and Boles (2007: 421) considered melanonota a subspecies of P. pectoralis; Dickinson (2003: 477) included melanonota in a Solomon Islands species, P. orioloides, in the pectoralis complex.

Pachycephala pectoralis banksiana Mayr

Pachycephala pectoralis banksiana Mayr, 1932b: 6 (Vanua Lava, Banks Islands).

Now Pachycephala caledonica intacta Sharpe, 1900. See Galbraith, 1956: 201, 208, Mayr, 1967, 28–29, Dickinson, 2003: 477, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 216029, adult female, collected on Vanua Lava, 13.50S, 167.28E (USBGN, 1974), Banks Islands, Vanuatu, on 10 November 1926, by Virginia Correia on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 23684).

Comments

Mayr cited the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description and gave the range of the subspecies as Vanua Lava, Bligh, and Gaua islands in the Banks Islands, and Aurora and Pentecost islands in Vanuatu ( =  New Hebrides). The following specimens are paratypes: Gaua, AMNH 214313–214318, Bligh, AMNH 215979–215983, Vanua Lava, AMNH 215984, 215984 bis, 215985, 215986, Gaua, AMNH 215987–215989, AMNH 216017–216020, Pentecost, AMNH 215993–215997, 216009–216016, Bligh, AMNH 216021–216028, Vanua Lava, AMNH 216030–216039, and Aurora, AMNH 218011–218019. I did not find AMNH 215993 in the collection.

Galbraith (1956: 201) considered banksiana a synonym of P. pectoralis chlorura; Mayr (1967: 28) and Boles (2007: 421) recognized chlorura as a valid subspecies and considered banksiana a synonym of P. pectoralis intacta; Dickinson (2003: 477) combined subspecies from the southern Santa Cruz Islands to New Caledonia in the species P. caledonica including intacta.

Pachycephala pectoralis brunneipectus Mayr

Pachycephala pectoralis brunneipectus Mayr, 1932b: 4 (Epi Island).

Now Pachycephala caledonica intacta Sharpe, 1900. See Galbraith, 1956: 201, 208, Mayr, 1967: 28–29, Dickinson, 2003: 477, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 212778, adult female, collected on Epi Island, 16.43S, 168.15E (USBGN, 1974), Vanuatu ( =  New Hebrides), on 5 August 1926, by Jose Correia on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 21813).

Comments

Mayr cited the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description, and gave the range of the subspecies as Mai, Tongariki, Epi, Lopevi, Pauuma, and Ambrym islands in the Epi Group, Vanuatu. The paratypes are: Tongariki, AMNH 212726; Epi, AMNH 212727–212732, 212774–212777, 212779–212783, 213679–213681, 215990, 216008, 224035; Pauuma, AMNH 212733, 212734; Ambrym, AMNH 212735, 213682; Lopevi, AMNH 212738, 212739, 213677, 213678, 213716, 213717; and Mai, AMNH 212740–212745. AMNH 212732 and 212777 were exchanged to ZMB in July 1936. I did not find AMNH 212729 in the collection.

Galbraith (1956: 201) considered brunneipectus a synonym of P. pectoralis chlorura; Mayr (1967: 128–129) and Boles (2007: 421) listed it as a synonym of P. pectoralis intacta; and Dickinson (2003: 477) combined subspecies from the southern Santa Cruz islands to New Caledonia, including intacta, in the species P. caledonica.

Pachycephala pectoralis efatensis Mayr

Pachycephala pectoralis efatensis Mayr, 1938a: 2 (Efate Island, New Hebrides).

Now Pachycephala caledonica intacta Sharpe, 1900. See Galbraith, 1956: 201, Mayr, 1967: 28–29, Dickinson, 2003: 477, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 212746, adult male, collected on Efate Island, Vanuatu ( =  New Hebrides), on 14 June 1926, by Rollo H. Beck on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 21068).

Comments

Mayr gave the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description and the range of efatensis as Efate and Nguna islands, Vanuatu. Mayr's (1932b: 3–6) measurements of 29 Efate specimens included those that would later (Mayr, 1938a: 2) become part of his type series of efatensis. Paratypes are: Efate, AMNH 212747–212773, 214327, 216000, 224034, and 224037; Nguna, AMNH 212736 and 212787. Of these, I did not find 212748 and 212760 in the collection, and they may have been exchanged to other institutions without the catalog having been marked. On 14 June 1926, Beck was in Port Vila (Beck, unpublished journal D, archives, Department of Ornithology, AMNH), 17.44S, 168.19E (USBGN, 1974).

Galbraith (1956: 201) considered efatensis a synonym of P. pectoralis chlorura; Mayr (1967: 28–29) recognized chlorura as a valid subspecies, but included efatensis as a synonym of P. pectoralis intacta, as did Boles (2007: 421); Dickinson (2003: 477) included subspecies from the Santa Cruz Islands to New Caledonia, including intacta, in a separate species Pachycephala caledonica.

Pachycephala pectoralis utupuae Mayr

Pachycephala pectoralis utupuae Mayr, 1932b: 8 (Utupua, Santa Cruz Islands).

Now Pachycephala vitiensis utupuae 288Mayr, 1932. See Galbraith, 1956: 204, Mayr, 1967: 29, Dickinson, 2003: 477, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 214308, adult female, collected on Utupua Island, 11.16S, 166.29E (USBGN, 1974), Santa Cruz Islands, Solomon Islands, on 29 September 1926, by Jose Correia on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 23012).

Comments

Mayr cited the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description but did not say how many specimens he examined. Paratypes are: AMNH 214253–214264, 214297–214307, 214309–214312, 215978, 216060–216062, and 224048. I did not find AMNH 214302, 214311, or 215978 in the collection and they may have been exchanged to other museums without the catalog having been marked.

Galbraith (1956: 204), Mayr (1967: 29), and Boles (2007: 421) included utupuae in the species P. pectoralis, and Dickinson (2003: 477) included Santa Cruz and Fijian subspecies in the species P. vitiensis.

Pachycephala pectoralis ornata Mayr

Pachycephala pectoralis ornata Mayr, 1932b: 8 (Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Islands).

Now Pachycephala vitiensis ornata 288Mayr, 1932. See Galbraith, 1956: 204, Mayr, 1967: 29, Dickinson, 2003: 477, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 218022, adult male, collected on Nendo ( =  Santa Cruz) Island, 10.45S, 165.54E (USBGN, 1974), Santa Cruz Islands, Solomon Islands, on 24 February 1927, by Frederick P. Drowne on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 21774).

Comments

Mayr cited the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description and gave as the range of ornata the Northern Santa Cruz Group: Santa Cruz I., Nupani ( =  Nepani) in the Swallow Islands, Lomlom and Fenualoa in the Reef Islands, and Treasurers Island and Disappointment Island in the Duff Islands. Paratypes are: Santa Cruz I., AMNH 214265, 214293–214296, 218020, 218021, 218023–218043, 224017, 224028; Nupani I., AMNH 214339, 214340, 215971, 215972, 216056–215058; Lomlom I., AMNH 214341–214357, 215962–215969, 216049–216055; Fenualoa I., AMNH 214358, 215970, 216059; Treasurers I., AMNH 214359–214362, 214388, 214389, 215955–215959, 216042–216048; and Taumako I. ( =  Disappointment I.), AMNH 214363–214387, 215960, 215961, 216040, 216041, 224020, and 224021. Of these paratypes, AMNH 214356, 215964, and 218030 were exchanged to ZMB in July 1936; AMNH 214366 and 214388 were exchanged to J. Berlioz in October 1932 and are probably now in MHNP; AMNH 218020 was exchanged to BMNH in July 1936. I did not find the following specimens in the collection, and they may have been exchanged to other institutions without the catalog having been marked: AMNH 214346 (Lomlom), AMNH 214368, 214370, and 214376 (Disappointment).

On 24 February 1926, the expedition vessel, France, was anchored in a small bay south of Cape Byron (unpublished journals of Beck, vol. D, and Drowne, archives, Department of Ornithology, AMNH). Note Kanenggo ( =  Cape Byron) is at 10.41S, 166.05E (USBGN, 1974).

In the original description, Mayr noted that the specimens of ornata appeared to be closely related to Fijian forms. Galbraith (1956: 204), Mayr (1967: 29), and Boles, (2007: 421) placed ornata as a subspecies of P. pectoralis, and Dickinson (2003: 477) included ornata with the Fijian group of populations in the species P. vitiensis.

Pachycephala pectoralis lauana Mayr

Pachycephala pectoralis lauana Mayr, 1932b: 12 (Ongea Levu Island, Lau Archipelago, Fiji Islands).

Now Pachycephala vitiensis lauana 288Mayr, 1932. See Galbraith, 1956: 204, Watling, 2001: 160–161, Dickinson, 2003: 477, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 252695, adult male, collected on Ongea Levu Island, 19.08S, 178.24W(USBGN, 1974), Lau Archipelago, Fiji, on 28 July 1924, by Jose Correia on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 13201).

Comments

Mayr cited the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description and gave the range of the subspecies as the southern Lau Archipelago: Ongea Levu, Vulaga ( =  Fulanga), and Vuanggava ( =  Wangava) islands. Paratypes are: Ongea Levu, AMNH 224022–224024, 252675–252694, 252696–252701, and 252714–252717; Vulaga, AMNH 252702, 252703; Vuanggava, AMNH 252704–252713 and 252718–252728. Of these, AMNH 252677 and 252680 were exchanged to ZMB in July 1936; I did not find AMNH 252685, 252697, and 252714 in the collection, and they may have been exchanged to other institutions without the catalog having been marked.

Galbraith (1956: 204), Watling (2001: 160–161), and Boles (2007: 421) considered lauana a subspecies of P. pectoralis; Dickinson (2003: 477) separated the Fijian group of populations as the species P. vitiensis.

Pachycephala pectoralis bella Mayr

Pachycephala pectoralis bella Mayr, 1932b: 14 (Vatu vara Island).

Now Pachycephala vitiensis bella 288Mayr, 1932. See Galbraith, 1956: 204, Watling, 2001: 160–161, Dickinson, 2003: 477, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 224036, adult male, collected on Vatu Vara Island, 17.26S, 179.32W (USBGN, 1974), Northern Lau Group, Fiji, on 2 October 1924, by Rollo H. Beck on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 14978).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was cited in the original description, and the range of bella given as Vatu Vara. Paratypes are: AMNH 224038 and 252740.

Galbraith (1956: 204), Watling (2001: 160–161), and Boles (2007: 421) considered bella a subspecies of P. pectoralis, but Dickinson (2003: 477) separated the Fijian group of populations as the species P. vitiensis.

Pachycephala pectoralis koroana Mayr

Pachycephala pectoralis koroana Mayr, 1932b: 15 (Koro Island, Fiji Islands).

Now Pachycephala vitiensis koroana 288Mayr, 1932. See Galbraith, 1956: 198, Watling, 2001: 160–161, Dickinson, 2003: 477, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 252809, adult male, collected on Koro Island, 17.20S, 179.25E (Times Atlas), Fiji, on 20 December 1924, by Rollo H. Beck on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 16400).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was cited in the original description and the range of koroana given as Koro Island. Paratypes are: AMNH 224045, 252778–252788, 252807, 252808, and 252810–252814. I did not find AMNH 252787 and 252808 in the collection.

Galbraith (1956: 198), Watling (2001: 160–161), and Boles (2007: 421) considered koroana to be a synonym of torquata in the species P. pectoralis; Dickinson (2003: 477) recognized koroana and included it with the other Fijian forms in the species P. vitiensis.

Pachycephala pectoralis ambigua Mayr

Pachycephala pectoralis ambigua Mayr, 1932b: 16 (Rambi Island, Fiji Islands).

Now Pachycephala vitiensis ambigua 288Mayr, 1932. See Galbraith, 1956: 198, Watling, 2001: 160–161, Dickinson, 2003: 477, and Boles, 2007: 421.

Holotype

AMNH 252825, adult male, collected on Rabi ( =  Rambi) Island, 16.30S, 179.59E (USBGN, 1974), Fiji, on 4 December 1924, by Rollo H. Beck on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 15872).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was cited in the original description and the range of the subspecies given as Rambi and Kio islands and Thakaundrove Peninsula of Vanua Levu Island. The Whitney Expedition visited the Thakaundrove Peninsula, 16.44S, 179.47W (USBGN, 1974), just across the strait from Kio Island, only on 8 December 1924 (Beck's unpublished journal, vol. D, archives, Department of Ornithology, AMNH); and only those Vanua Levu specimens collected on that date are paratypes of ambigua. Paratypes are: Rambi, AMNH 224049, 252753–252763, 252815–252824, 252826–252828, and 252857; Kio, AMNH 252789–252795; Thakaundrove Peninsula, AMNH 252764–252766, 252829. I did not find AMNH 252754, 252817, and 252827 in the collection; they were perhaps exchanged to other institutions without the catalog having been marked.

Galbraith (1956: 198) and Watling (2001: 160–161) considered ambigua to be a synonym of P. pectoralis aurantiiventris; Dickinson (2003: 477) recognized ambigua and included it with the other Fijian forms in the species P. vitiensis; Boles (2007: 421) recognized ambigua in the species P. pectoralis.

Pachycephala implicata Hartert

Pachycephala implicata Hartert, 1929: 13 (Guadalcanar).

Now Pachycephala implicata implicata Hartert, 1929. See Mayr, 1932a: 2, Mayr and Diamond, 2001: 395, and Boles, 2007: 419.

Lectotype

AMNH 218045, immature male, collected on Guadalcanal ( =  Guadalcanar) Island, Solomon Islands, on 25 July 1927, by Rollo H. Beck on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 27052).

Comments

When this species was originally described, part of the description was omitted and the listing of the type of Pachycepala pectoralis whitneyi, the next form discussed by Hartert, was placed so that it appeared to refer to the type of implicata, as noted by Mayr (1932a: 2). Thus, no type was designated for P. implicata, although Hartert listed his four specimens, referring to them by their Whitney Expedition field number. Hartert, however, did write “implicata” and “Type” on the label of the lectotype and color the end of the label red. Mayr (1932a: 2), noting that Hartert had intended this specimen as his type, designated AMNH 218045 as the lectotype of P. implicata. Hartert had considered the specimen an almost adult male, but a fully adult male specimen received after the publication of Hartert's description showed that the lectotype was an immature male. Mayr (1932a: 2) then described the adult male, but Hartert's type series comprises only the four specimens that he saw. Paratypes are: AMNH 218044 (Whitney no. 26855), immature male, collected 22 July 1927; AMNH 218046 (27055), immature (sexed as male, but perhaps female), 27 July 1927; and AMNH 218048 (27053), female, 25 July 1927. On 14 July 1927, the expedition vessel, France, anchored in a bay near Cape Hunter and the collecting party went eastward to the “big river,” spending 20–28 July inland, ascending to over 4000 ft. The river is the Itina (sometimes spelled Ithina) River, 09.48S, 159.51E (USBGN, 1974).

Pachycephala implicata richardsi Mayr

Pachycephala implicata richardsi Mayr, 1932a: 3 (Bougainville Island, Solomon Islands).

Now Pachycephala implicata richardsi 288Mayr, 1932. See Mayr and Diamond, 2001: 395, and Boles, 2007: 419.

Holotype

AMNH 226339, adult male, collected on Bougainville Island, North Solomons Province, Papua New Guinea, on 5 January 1928, by Hannibal Hamlin (no. 138) on the Whitney South Sea Expedition.

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was cited in the original description and the range of richardsi given as “the mountains of Bougainville Island.” The following specimens are paratypes: AMNH 222816–222820, 222843–222851, 222853–222855, 222857, 222858, 226331–226338, 226340–226344, 226344a, and 226345–226361. Of these, AMNH 226331 was exchanged to ANSP and AMNH 226334 was exchanged to ZMB in July 1936. AMNH 226359 was marked in the catalog as exchanged to Cleveland on 6 January 1932; however, that specimen is in the collection and I failed to find AMNH 226357. It is possible that the wrong specimen was marked. Other cataloged specimens that I failed to find in the collection are: AMNH 222845, 222849, 226341, 226351, and 226353.

On 5 January 1928, Whitney Expedition personnel were at Kupei, 2300 ft, 06.19S, 155.33E (USBGN, 1956d), inland from Kieta on Bougainville Island. Hamlin (unpublished journal, vol. S, archives, Department of Ornithology, AMNH) noted that they collected between 1500 and 5200 ft and that the “Black-bib thickhead was replaced by the drabber mountain variety.”

Pachycephala nudigula Hartert

Pachycephala nudigula Hartert, 1897c: 171 (Flores meridionalis).

Now Pachycephala nudigula nudigula 127128129130Hartert, 1897. See White and Bruce, 1986: 381, and Boles, 2007: 417–418.

Lectotype

AMNH 659487, adult male, collected on south Flores, above 3000 ft, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, in October 1896, by a native collector for Alfred Everett. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

No type was designated in the original description, but male and female were both described. Hartert (1897e: 522–523, pl. 3) repeated his initial Latin description in English and added a description of the young male, but still did not designate a type or say how many specimens he examined. Later, he (Hartert, 1920a: 445) listed as type the only male collected “above 3,000 feet, October 1896,” thereby designating it the lectotype. See illustration on cover. Paralectotypes are: AMNH 659488, male, 3500 ft, October; AMNH 659489, male, above 3500 ft, November; AMNH 659490, male, 4000 ft, October; AMNH 659491, immature male, above 3500 ft, November; AMNH 659492, immature male, above 3500 ft, November; AMNH 659493, immature male, above 3500 ft, November; AMNH 659494, immature female, above 3500 ft, November; AMNH 659495, female, above 3000 ft, October; and AMNH 659496, female, 3500 ft, October, all collected by Everett on south Flores in 1896. There is also a paralectotype in NNM (Dekker and Quaisser, 2006: 6).

Hartert (1897e) reported on Everett's collection and (Hartert, 1897e: 513) gave his collecting locality as Nanga Ramau or Nanga Roma in the district called Manggarai, 08.30S, 120.15E (USBGN, 1982). Manggarai is not in south Flores; rather, it is in central western Flores, more like the “Flores meridionalis” given as the type locality by Hartert in the original description. I have not found either Nanga Ramau or Nanga Roma; however, “Nanga” refers to a stream. There is a stream known as Nanga Ramah at 08.20S, 120.41E (USBGN, 1982), which may correspond to the type locality.

Pachycephala schlegelii cyclopum Hartert

Pachycephala schlegelii cyclopum Hartert, 1930b: 54 (Cyclops Mountains).

Now Pachycephala schlegelii cyclopum 191Hartert, 1930. See Boles, 2007: 419.

Holotype

AMNH 294236, adult female, collected in the Cyclops Mountains, 02.32S, 140.36E (USBGN, 1982), Papua Province, Indonesia, on 31 August 1928, by Ernst Mayr (no. 2123).

Comments

In the original description, Hartert gave Mayr's unique field number of the holotype. Mayr's collecting in New Guinea was jointly sponsored by Leonard C. Sanford for AMNH and Walter Rothschild. Hartert studied Mayr's entire Cyclops collection, not saying how many specimens of this form he examined but giving measurements for 13 males and 11 females, presumably including the type. After study, the collection was divided between AMNH and Rothschild, with a sample set sent to MZB. Sanford's share came directly to AMNH and those specimens are stamped with an “S” within a circle; the remainder, except for any that may have gone to MZB, came to AMNH with the purchase of the Rothschild Collection in 1932. It is also possible that some specimens were exchanged by Rothschild before 1932. Paratypes cataloged in AMNH are: males, AMNH 294230–294234, 658317–658321; females, AMNH 294235, 294237, 294238, 658322–658326. Of these, AMNH 294234 and 658325 were exchanged to FMNH in the early 1960s. Perhaps some of the three males and two females that are unaccounted for are in MZB.

Pachycephala schlegeli (sic) obscurior Hartert

Pachycephala schlegeli (sic) obscurior Hartert (in Rothschild and Hartert), 1896a: 15 (The southeastern representative form).

Now Pachycephala schlegelii obscurior 121122123124125Hartert, 1896. See Coates, 1990: 206–208, and Boles, 2007: 419.

Lectotype

AMNH 658327, adult male, collected in the Eafa district, between mounts Alexander, 09.15S, 147.40E (USBGN, 1943) and Bellamy, 09.00S, 147.45E (USBGN, 1943), 5000–6000 ft, Central Province, Papua New Guinea, in October 1895, by A.S. Anthony (no. 17). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert did not designate a type in the original description but said that he had two males, one from the Eafa district (collected by Anthony in October 1895) and one from the Victoria district (purchased in London, Rothschild and Hartert, 1896a: 8). Rothschild and Hartert (1903a: 103) listed the Eafa district male as the type, thereby designating it the lectotype. The second specimen in the type series was from the Victoria district. There is no specimen now in AMNH labeled “Victoria district”; AMNH 658345, [male] collected on Mt. Victoria in April–June 1896 by a native collector is the only Mt. Victoria specimen of this form to come to AMNH. If the date on that specimen is correct, it could not have been part of the type series, as the article in which the description of obscurior appeared was published in March 1896. There is no reason to doubt the date, because a spot check of Mt. Victoria specimens in AMNH revealed specimens collected there in 1895, 1896, 1897, and 1898, indicating multiple purchases by Rothschild from a London dealer. It is more reasonable to assume that Rothschild exchanged the Mt. Victoria specimen before the Rothschild Collection came to AMNH. Dekker and Quaisser (2006:9) listed a syntype ( =  paralectotype) of obscurior in RMNH, collected on Mt. Victoria in 1895 and obtained from BMNH, but that specimen could only be a paralectotype of obscurior if it had been exchanged to BMNH by Rothschild and later exchanged by BMNH to RMNH.

Rothschild and Hartert (1903a: 103) listed a male from the “Moroka district” as “Purchased in London”; this specimen is not in AMNH. It may be that this was the second specimen of the original description, as Moroka (ca. 09.25S, 147.35E), while considerably south of Mt. Victoria (08.52S, 147.32E, Times Atlas), is closer to the collecting locality of the lectotype.

Pachycephala schlegelii viridipectus Hartert and Paludan

Pachycephala schlegelii viridipectus Hartert and Paludan (in Hartert et al.), 1936: 203 (Kunupi).

Now Pachycephala schlegelii obscurior 121122123124125Hartert, 1896. See Mayr, 1967: 32, and Boles, 2007: 419.

Holotype

AMNH 302264, adult female, collected on Mt. Kunupi, Kobowre ( =  Weyland) Mountains, 03.50S, 135.55E (USBGN, 1982), Papua Province, Indonesia, on 3 October 1931, by Georg Stein (no. 2292).

Comments

Stein's unique field number of the holotype was given in the original description. According to Hartert and Paludan in the original description, the Steins collected 21 male and 13 female specimens on mounts Kunupi and Sumuri between 21 August and 13 October [1931]. The Steins' field work was supported jointly by Rothschild, Leonard C. Sanford for AMNH, and ZMB. After purchase of the Rothschild Collection by AMNH, three–fourths of the collection came to AMNH and one–fourth remained in ZMB (Hartert et al., 1936: 166). Paratypes in AMNH are: Mt. Kunupi, AMNH 302249–302263, 302265; Mt. Sumuri, AMNH 302266–302274. Of these AMNH 302252 and 302269 were exchanged to FMNH in the 1960s; I did not find AMNH 302274 in the collection.

Stein (1933, 1936) published two papers concerning this expedition.

Pachycephala tianduana Hartert

Pachycephala tianduana Hartert, 1901d: 53 (Tiandu, west of the Key Islands).

Now Pachycephala monacha tianduana 145146147Hartert, 1901. See White and Bruce, 1986: 381, Sibley and Monroe, 1990: 461, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 448, Dickinson, 2003: 478, and Boles, 2007: 429.

Lectotype

AMNH 659272, adult male, collected on Tayandu ( =  Tiandu or Tiandoe) Island, 05.37S, 132.18E (White and Bruce, 1986: 491), Moluccas, Indonesia, on 19 December 1900, by Heinrich Kühn (no. a.). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

No type was designated in the original description, but three males and a female were collected. Hartert (1903c: 248) listed as the type of tianduana the Kühn specimen marked “a.,” thereby designating it the lectotype. Paralectotypes, all collected on Tayandu Island in December 1900, are: AMNH 659273, male, Kühn (no. b); AMNH 659274, female, Kühn (no. d); and AMNH 659275, unsexed but annotated “male ad. E.H.,” Kühn (no. c). By the time Hartert (1903c: 248) published a full account of Kühn's collections from the Key and Southeast islands, he had in his possession a second female specimen. AMNH 659276, female, collected on Heniar Island, “Tiandoe Islands” on 17 July 1899 by Kühn (no. 1307); it had not been included in Hartert's type series and was perhaps purchased later by Rothschild.

White and Bruce (1986: 381) treated tianduana as a subspecies of P. leucogastra, with the caveat that P. rufiventris, P. leucogastra, P. griseonota, P. monacha, and P. arctitorquis might be better treated as allospecies of the superspecies P. [rufiventris]. Sibley and Monroe (1990: 461) followed the latter suggestion, as did Schodde and Mason (1999: 448) and Boles (2007: 429). Mayr (1967: 32–35) included tianduana as well as 19 other subspecies in the very broad species P. rufiventris. Dickinson (2003: 478) did not consider arctitorquis an allospecies separate from P. monacha.

Pachycephala rufiventris colletti Mathews

Pachycephala rufiventris colletti Mathews, 1912b: 41 (Parry's Creek, North-west Australia).

Now Pachycephala rufiventris falcata Gould, 1843. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 447–449, and Boles, 2007: 428.

Lectotype

AMNH 659143, adult male, collected 5 miles west of Trig Station HJ9, Parry Creek, 10 ft, 15.36S, 128.17E (Johnstone and Storr, 2004: 512), East Kimberley, Western Australia, Australia, on 9 September 1908, by John P. Rogers (no. 82). From the Mathews Collection (no. 2679) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews did not designate a type or say how many specimens he examined, nor did he add information later (Mathews, 1920: 235–244). AMNH 659143 bears a Mathews type label with “Pachycephala rufiventris colletti” written on it by Mathews. In order to confirm Mathews' intent, I hereby designate AMNH 659143 the lectotype of P. rufiventris colletti. In addition, the specimen bears a Mathews Collection label and a J.P. Rogers field label.

Mathews cataloged 28 specimens (under the name P. falcata) from Parry Creek and all 28 came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection. Paralectotypes are: AMNH 659135–659142 and 659144–659162 (Mathews numbers 2666–2678, 2680–2693).

Lewinornis rufiventris dulcior Mathews

Lewinornis rufiventris dulcior Mathews, 1920: 244 (Watson River, Cape York Peninsula, North Queensland).

Now Pachycephala rufiventris pallida Ramsay, 1878. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 447–449, and Boles, 2007: 428.

Syntypes

AMNH 659047, adult male, and AMNH 659048, female, collected on the Watson River, 13.20S, 141.50E (Storr, 1984: 189), Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia, on 5 July 1914 and 6 June 1914, respectively, by William R. McLennan. From the Mathews Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

The entire description of dulcior reads: “Differs from L.r. pallidus in being darker above and lighter below, with a much smaller and slenderer bill. Type from Watson River, Cape York Peninsula, North Queensland.” This does not distinguish between the two Mathews specimens from the Watson River that came to AMNH and they must be considered syntypes. The male specimen bears a Rothschild type label, but it has been filled in with pencil in hand unknown, and neither specimen has any indication that it was selected by Mathews to serve as the type. Mathews did not catalog these specimens. Neither specimen bears a Mathews Collection label, both having only an unsigned collector's field label and a Rothschild Museum label, printed “Ex. Coll. G.M. Mathews.” AMNH type labels have been added to the two syntypes.

McLennan was collecting for W.D.K. Macgillivray on the Watson River in June and July 1914 and, judged by the handwriting on the field labels, the syntypes of dulcior were collected by him.

Lewinornis rufiventris didimus Mathews

Lewinornis rufiventris didimus Mathews, 1918b: 159 (South-west Australia).

Now Pachycephala rufiventris rufiventris (Latham, 1801). See Whittell and Serventy, 1948: 65, Mayr, 1967: 34, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 447–449, and Boles, 2007: 428.

Syntypes

Collected at Broomehill, 33.51S, 117.38E (Johnstone and Storr, 2004: 504), Western Australia, by Thomas Carter: AMNH 659205 (Mathews no. 2700), adult male, 13 October 1907; AMNH 659207 (2699), adult male, 9 May 1906; AMNH 659208 (2698), adult female, 24 May 1908. Collected at Beverley, 32.07S, 116.66E (USBGN, 1957), Avon ( =  Dale, as on label) River, Western Australia, by G.C. Shortridge and J.W. Bill: AMNH 659210 (12626), adult male, 19 December 1905. Collected at Perth, 31.57S, 115.52E (Johnstone and Storr, 2004, 512), Western Australia: AMNH 659212 (2696) adult male, May 1906; AMNH 659214 (2695), unsexed, 16 January 1909. Collected at South Perth by “E.F.F.”: AMNH 695215 (5348), juvenile male, 25 November 1901. From the Mathews Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

The original description reads: “Differs from L. r. rufiventris in being darker above and below: Type South-west Australia.” There are seven AMNH specimens from the Mathews Collection that were cataloged by him prior to the publication of didimus; these are the syntypes listed above. Mathews obtained AMNH 659210 from BMNH with Reg. no. 1905.12.26.42, presented by W.E. Balstrom, and AMNH 659215 from WAM with WAM no. 4468. None of these specimens had been previously recognized as types; AMNH type labels have been attached.

I have not considered the following specimens from southwest Australia to be syntypes of didimus: AMNH 659206, male, collected at Broomehill on 5 September 1910 by Carter, was taken before the publication of the name, but I did not find it in Mathews' catalog and have no way of knowing when it came into his possession. AMNH 659209, 659211, and 659213 were not from the Mathews Collection. The following specimen was cataloged by Mathews but did not come to AMNH: Mathews no. 2697, collected at Broomehill on 5 January 1908 by Carter; if found, it would be a syntype of didimus.

Lewinornis rufiventris gawlerensis Mathews

Lewinornis rufiventris gawlerensis Mathews, 1920: 244 (Wataker, Gawler Ranges).

Now Pachycephala rufiventris rufiventris (Latham, 1801). See Mayr, 1967: 34, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 447–449, and Boles, 2007: 428.

Syntypes

AMNH 659220, male, and AMNH 659221, female, collected at Wartaka station on the southeast side of Lake Gairdner ( =  Wataker, White, 1913: 21), 32.30S, 136.56E (USBGN, 1957), Gawler Ranges, South Australia, Australia, on 15 September 1912, by Samuel A. White (nos. 1040 and 949, respectively). From the Mathews Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews said only that the type was from “Wataker,” Gawler Ranges and cited no number. The above two specimens from his collection are the only two from “Wataker” that came to AMNH. There are two specimens of Pachycephala rufiventris, collected on 15 September 1912 by White and listed in Mathews' catalog as nos. 15019 and 15020, that I believe refer to these specimens, but both are entered as males. White's field label of AMNH 659220 had been marked “Type of gawlerensis” by Mathews and a Rothschild type label attached, but the name and the reference to the description were added in pencil by hand unknown. An AMNH type label has been added to both, indicating that they are syntypes of gawlerensis. There is a third syntype in SAMA, a male collected at Wartaka on 15 September 1912 (P. Horton, personal commun.).

White (1913: 25) reported on his trip to the Gawler Ranges and noted this species without giving further information on the number of specimens collected.

Lewinornis rufiventris waddelli Mathews

Lewinornis rufiventris waddelli Mathews, 1920: 244 (Warunda Creek, Eyre's Peninsula, S.A.).

Now Pachycephala rufiventris rufiventris Latham, 1801. See Mayr, 1967: 34, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 447–449, and Boles, 2007: 428.

Lectotype

AMNH 659223, adult male, collected on Warunda Creek, 34.26S, 135.38E (USBGN, 1957), Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia, on 27 August 1911, by S.A. White (no. 33). From the Mathews Collection (no. 9621) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews said only that the type was from Warunda Creek. Three S.A. White specimens from Warunda Creek came to AMNH with the Mathews Collection. AMNH 659223 bears a green Mathews type label with “Pachycephala waddelli” written in Mathews' hand and his catalog number, a Mathews Collection label, and White's field label. Because this is the specimen Mathews intended as his type specimen, I hereby designate AMNH 659223 the lectotype of Lewinornis rufiventris waddelli and have added an AMNH type label. The two additional specimens from Warunda Creek are paralectotypes: AMNH 659222 (Mathews no. 9637, White no. 63) adult male, 24 August 191l; and AMNH 659224 (9638, 75) female, 24 August 1911. An additional specimen was cataloged by Mathews as no. 9639, with data as for the lectotype. It is not clear whether Mathews cataloged the lectotype twice or whether he had a fourth specimen that did not come to AMNH.

White (1912) published the results of this expedition to the Eyre Peninsula and noted (on p. 1) that he had presented the entire collection to Mathews but did not say how many specimens of this species he collected. There are no specimens of this population in the S.A. White Collection at SAMA (P. Horton, personal commun.).

Pachycephala johni Hartert

Pachycephala johni Hartert, 1903a: 12 (Obi Major).

Now Pachycephala griseonota johni 151152Hartert, 1903. See White and Bruce, 1986: 382, Dickinson, 2003: 478, and Boles, 2007: 427–428.

Holotype

AMNH 658809, adult “female” ( =  male, E.H[artert]), collected on Obi [Major] Island, 01.30S, 127.45E (White and Bruce, 1986: 491), Moluccas, Indonesia, on 25 March 1902, by Johannes ( =  John) Waterstradt (no. O.129). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Hartert cited Waterstradt's unique field number of the holotype. His type series comprised one specimen collected by Doherty and four collected by Waterstradt on Obi. The four paratypes are: Doherty, AMNH 658810, male, September 1897; Waterstradt, AMNH 658811, sexed as a male but noted on the label by E. M(ayr) as a female or juv. male, June 1902; AMNH 658812, female, 28 April 1902; AMNH 658813, female, 21 April 1902.

Mayr (1967: 34) considered johni a subspecies of the broad species P. rufiventris; whereas, White and Bruce (1986: 382), Dickinson (2003: 478), and Boles (2007: 427) considered it a subspecies of the allospecies griseonota in the superspecies rufiventris.

Pachycephala examinata Hartert

Pachycephala examinata Hartert, 1898d: 14 (Buru).

Now Pachycephala griseonota examinata 132133134135Hartert, 1898. See White and Bruce, 1986: 382, Dickinson, 2003: 478, and Boles, 2007: 427–428.

Lectotype

AMNH 658780, adult male, collected at Kayeli, 03.23S, 127.06E (BirdLife International, 2001: 2604), Buru Island, Moluccas, Indonesia, in March 1897, by William Doherty. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

No type was designated in the original description, nor was the number of specimens given; and no further information was given by Hartert (1900b: 236) either. Doherty collected nine specimens of examinata, all at Kayeli in March 1897, and Hartert's (1920a: 446) list of types in the Rothschild Collection did not further distinguish the type. However, AMNH 658780 bears a Rothschild type label and “Type” has been written by Hartert on Doherty's field label, indicating that it was his intent that this specimen be the type. In order to confirm Hartert's intent, I hereby designate AMNH 658780 the lectotype of P. examinata. Paralectotypes are: AMNH 658781–658788, six males, one female, and one unsexed specimen, all collected by Doherty. Specimens collected by J.M. Dumas on Buru were not part of Hartert's type series.

Mayr (1967: 35) considered examinata a subspecies of the broad species P. rufiventris; whereas, White and Bruce (1986: 382), Dickinson (2003: 478), and Boles (2007: 427) considered it a subspecies of the allospecies griseonota in the superspecies rufiventris.

Pachycephala kuehni Hartert

Pachycephala kuehni Hartert, 1898d: 14 (Little Key Island).

Now Pachycephala griseonota kuehni Hartert, 1989. See White and Bruce, 1986: 382, Dickinson, 2003: 478, and Boles, 2007: 427–428.

Lectotype

AMNH 658775, adult male, collected on Tual ( =  Toeal, as on label) Island, 07.14S, 131.23E (White and Bruce, 1986: 491), Kai Islands, Moluccas, Indonesia, on 11 November 1897, by Heinrich Kühn (no. 281). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

No type was designated in the original description, Hartert saying that Kühn sent “a small series of both sexes, adult and young, of this new species.” Later, he (Hartert, 1901a, 1903c) published on Kühn's collection and (Hartert, 1903c: 248) gave a type series of eight specimens with their Kühn field numbers, listing Kühn specimen no. 287 as the type, thereby designating it the lectotype. Hartert (1920a: 446), in his list of Rothschild types, gave the number of this lectotype as “281.” An examination of AMNH 658775 shows that only one specimen is involved. Kühn's original number, written in pencil appears to be “287”; but when the number was written on the same label in ink, it can be interpreted as “281.” No other field number (see below) is similar, and all eight of the specimens came to AMNH. The seven paralectotypes, all collected on Tual in 1897, are: AMNH 658772 (Kühn no. 193), male, 15 October; AMNH 658773 (13), male, 24 August; AMNH 658774 (495), male, 20 December; AMNH 658776 (386), female, 15 December; AMNH 658777 (469), female, 22 December; AMNH 658778 (82), female, 16 September; and AMNH 658779 (50), unsexed but considered a female by Hartert, 22 August.

AMNH 658776 also bears a Rothschild type label and has previously been included in the AMNH type collection. I can find no reason for this inclusion but have left it with the types and added a label calling attention to the apparent error.

Kei Kecil ( =  Little Key) Island is actually two islands, the smaller of which is Tual ( =  Toeal or Kei Doelah, on older maps), on which the town of Tual is situated.

Mayr (1967: 35) considered kuehni a subspecies in the broad species P. rufiventris; White and Bruce (1986: 382), Dickinson (2003: 478), and Boles (2007: 427) listed it as a subspecies of the allospecies P. griseonota in the superspecies rufiventris.

Pachycephala meeki Hartert

Pachycephala meeki Hartert, 1898d: 15 (Rossel Island, Louisiade Archipelago).

Now Pachycephala monacha meeki 132133134135Hartert, 1898. See Coates, 1990: 217, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 448–449, Dickinson, 2003: 478, and Boles, 2007: 428–429.

Lectotype

AMNH 659235, adult male, collected on Yela ( =  Rossel) Island, 11.20S, 154.10E (PNG, 1984), Louisiade Archipelago, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, on 27 January 1898, by Albert S. Meek (no. 1299). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert did not designate a type in the original description or say how many specimens he examined, nor was additional information provided when he reported on Meek's entire 1898 Rossel Island collection (Hartert, 1899a: 77). Later, in his list of Rothschild types, Hartert (1920a: 445) listed as the type of P. meeki the specimen bearing Meek's unique field number 1299, thereby designating it the lectotype. Paralectotypes in AMNH are AMNH 659233, 659234, 659236–659250. AMNH 156436, collected by Meek on Rossel on 12 March, 1898, and exchanged to AMNH by J.H. Fleming (no. 20352) of Toronto, is possibly also a paralectotype of meeki. Because the Rothschild Collection was never cataloged by Rothschild and because Hartert in this case did not list or give the number of specimens in his type series, it is impossible to know whether Hartert actually had this specimen in hand when he described meeki. Fleming purchased his specimens from the dealer Gerrard, and it is not clear whether Rothschild selected his Meek specimens and sent the remainder to Gerrard to sell (for Meek) before or after they were studied by Hartert. See LeCroy and Peckover (1998: 227) for a discussion of this problem with regard to Meek's Misima Island specimens.

Mayr (1967: 35) included meeki as a subspecies of his very broad species P. rufiventris. Coates (1990: 217) and Boles (2007: 428) treated it as a subspecies of the species P. leucogastra, keeping P. monacha as a separate species. See Schodde and Mason (1999: 448–449) for a discussion of species limits in the superspecies rufiventris. Dickinson (2003: 478) included meeki as a subspecies in the allospecies P. monacha (including leucogastra).

Alisterornis lanioides carnarvoni Mathews

Alisterornis lanioides carnarvoni Mathews, 1913c: 75 (Carnarvon, Mid-west Australia).

Now Pachycephala lanioides carnarvoni (262263264Mathews, 1913). See Mees, 1964a: 93–94, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 450–451, and Boles, 2007: 429.

Holotype

AMNH 659285, adult male, collected at Carnarvon, 24.53S, 113.40E (Johnstone and Storr, 2004: 505), Western Australia, Australia, on 29 September 1913, by Thomas Carter. From the Mathews Collection (no. 18016) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews noted that the type was collected on 29 September 1913 by Carter; these data are unique to the above specimen. It bears a Carter field label with “Type” written on it by Mathews, a Rothschild Museum label printed “Ex. coll. G.M. Mathews,” and a Rothschild type label with the name of this taxon written in pencil. The number “680” that appears on Carter's label refers to the number of this species in Mathews (1908). A second specimen, AMNH 659286, female, collected at Carnarvon on 1 October 1913 by Carter was not cataloged by Mathews but probably came to him at the same time; I consider it a paratype.

This subspecies was mistakenly spelled “carnavoni” by Mayr (1954: 8) and “carnaroni” by Mayr (1967: 35), but was spelled carnarvoni in the original description.

Pachycephala lanioides bulleri Mayr

Pachycephala lanioides bulleri Mayr, 1954: 8 (De Grey River, Western Australia).

Now Pachycephala lanioides carnarvoni 262263264Mathews, 1913. See Mees, 1964a: 93–94, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 450–451, Johnstone and Storr, 2004: 206–209, and Boles, 2007: 429.

Holotype

AMNH 702488, adult female, collected at the mouth of the De Grey River, 19.58S, 119.09E (Johnstone and Storr, 2004: 506), Western Australia, Australia, on 5 July 1947, by Kenneth Buller (no. 348).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was cited in the original description, and Mayr noted that he had nine adult males, six adult females, and two juveniles, some of which were labeled Port Hedland. Only eight adult males, six adult females, and two juveniles were cataloged and all are present in AMNH. Paratypes collected by Buller on the De Grey River in July 1947 are: males, AMNH 702478–702483; and females, AMNH 702484–702487, 702489. Paratypes collected at Port Hedland in October 1914 by F. Lawson Whitlock for H.L. White, from whom they went to the Mathews Collection and via the Rothschild Collection to AMNH: adult males, AMNH 659287, 659288; and juveniles, AMNH 659289, 659290.

Johnstone and Storr (2004: 206–209) did not recognize subspecies in P. lanioides; Schodde and Mason (1999: 450–451) provided a summary of treatments of this species and considered bulleri a synonym of P. l. carnarvoni, as did Boles (2007: 429).

Pachycephala lanioides buchanani Mathews

Pachycephala lanioides buchanani Mathews, 1912c: 77 (Buchanan Island, Northern Territory).

Now Pachycephala lanioides fretorum De Vis, 1889. See Mees, 1964a: 94, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 450–451, and Boles, 2007: 429.

Holotype

AMNH 659324, adult male, collected on Buchanan Island, 11.49S, 130.39E (Storr, 1977: 106), entrance to Apsley Strait, Melville Island, Northern Territory, Australia, on 17 February 1912, by J.P. Rogers (no. 2890). From the Mathews Collection (no. 11858) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews gave his catalog number of the holotype in the original description and stated that the range of buchanani was Buchanan Island. It was the only specimen from Buchanan Island cataloged at that time. Mathews (1912b: 26) had noted that he had received two shipments of Melville Island specimens from Rogers, and these he cataloged on 24 February 1912 and 7 May 1912, the latter including the holotype of buchanani, the name of which was published 28 June 1912. On 8 July 1912, a third shipment was cataloged, including one additional specimen of buchanani from Buchanan Island, collected on 28 February (AMNH 659325, Mathews no. 12464). Mathews was usually very prompt in cataloging specimens, and so I do not consider this specimen a paratype. Another specimen cataloged on 8 July 1912 was collected at Coopers Camp, Melville Island on 12 March 1912 (AMNH 659344) but could not be a paratype because Buchanan Island was specified as the range of buchanani in the original description. Other specimens collected in April–June were cataloged on 17 August 1912 and were certainly not in Mathews' hands when the name was published.

[Pinarolestes megarhynchus batantae Meise]

Pinarolestes megarhynchus batantae Meise, 1929: 18 (Batanta).

Now Colluricincla megarhyncha batantae (Meise, 1929). See Eck and Quaisser, 2004: 279, and Boles, 2007: 431.

The female holotype of batantae from Batanta Island, 00.50S, 130.40E (USBGN, 1982), Papua Province, Indonesia, in SMTD, was destroyed during WWII (Eck and Quaisser, 2004: 279). Five paratypes from Batanta mentioned in the original description as being in the Rothschild Collection, are now in AMNH: AMNH 657016, male, 26 July 1875, coll. Beccari, Salvadori's “z′”; AMNH 657017, male, July 1875, coll. Bruijn, Salvadori's “v′”; AMNH 657018, male, 20 October 1883, coll. ?; AMNH 657020, female, 20 October 1883, coll?; AMNH 657021, sex?, 20 October 1883, coll. Powell. Of these, AMNH 657018 was exchanged to FMNH in the 1960s. AMNH 657020, the only female paratype (the holotype was a female), has been added to the AMNH type specimens with a label to explain its presence.

AMNH 657021, listed above as collected by Powell, had a printed label “E. Museo C.T. Kettlewell,” with Kettlewell's name crossed out and “Powell” written above. C.T. Kettlewell was owner and Captain of the yacht Marchesa, and Lt. R.ff. Powell was among personnel aboard when it visited “Marchesa Bay,” a large bay on the east coast of Batanta Island, on the four or five days prior to 23 October 1883 (See Guillemard, 1889: 364–365). The other two specimens collected on the same day, but with no information on the collector, were undoubtedly collected by the same party. They are perhaps additional to the male, two females, and one sex? reported by Guillemard (1885: 637) as they do not have Guillemard labels nor are they labeled “a–d” as indicated by him.

Meise also mentioned in the original description that Salvadori's specimens labeled “n′” and “o′” (now AMNH 657019 and 657022), the collecting locality of which had been questioned by Salvadori, were found to be specimens of the nominate subspecies, and thus were excluded from his type series.

Myiolestes megarhynchus ferrugineus Hartert and Paludan

Myiolestes megarhynchus ferrugineus Hartert and Paludan (in Hartert et al.), 1936: 206 (Unterer Menoo, 300 m.).

Now Colluricincla megarhyncha ferruginea (Hartert and Paludan, 1936). See Ford, 1979, Dickinson, 2003: 489, and Boles 2007: 431.

Holotype

AMNH 302312, adult male, collected on the lower Menoo River, 300 m, Kobowre ( =  Weyland) Mountains, Papua Province, Indonesia, on 7 August 1931, by Georg Stein (no. 2549).

Comments

Stein's unique field number of the holotype was cited in the original description and the type series was said to comprise 12 males and eight females from Wanggar, Unterer Menoo and Mt. Kunupi. Stein's field work was supported by Rothschild, L.C. Sanford for AMNH, and ZMB. During the period that this collection was being studied, the Rothschild Collection was purchased by AMNH and later, when the collection was divided, three–fourths of the specimens came to AMNH and one–fourth remained in ZMB (Hartert et al., 1936: 166). Fourteen paratypes of ferrugineus came to AMNH: AMNH 302301–302303, two males and one female from Mt. Kunupi; AMNH 302304–302308, three males, one female, and one sex? from Wanggar; AMNH 302309–302311 and 302313–302315, three males and three females from Unterer Menoo. Of these, AMNH 302302 was exchanged to FMNH in the 1960s. The remaining paratypes are probably in ZMB.

Stein (1933, 1936) published notes on this collection. The Menoo River is shown on the map in Hartert et al. (1936: 168) as a tributary of the Wanggar River, 03.24S, 135.20E (USBGN, 1982), emptying into Geelvink Bay.

Pinarolestes megarhynchus goodsoni Hartert

Pinarolestes megarhynchus goodsoni Hartert, 1930b: 59 (Merauke, in south New Guinea).

Now Colluricincla megarhyncha goodsoni (191Hartert, 1930). See Mees, 1982: 141–143, Dickinson, 2003: 489, and Boles, 2007: 431.

Holotype

AMNH 657072, adult male, collected at Merauke, 08.28S, 140.20E (USBGN, 1982), Papua Province, Indonesia, on 4 June 1910, by collectors for Albert S. Meek. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert had a single specimen when he described goodsoni. Mees (1982: 141–143) synonymized goodsoni, wuroi, and palmeri with nominate megarhyncha and reviewed previous treatments. Dickinson (2003: 489) and Boles (2007: 431) recognized goodsoni.

Myiolestes megarhynchus wuroi Mayr and Rand

Myiolestes megarhynchus wuroi Mayr and Rand, 1936: 247 (Wuroi, Oriomo Fluss, Western Division, Territory of Papua).

Now Colluricincla megarhyncha goodsoni (191Hartert, 1930). See Mees, 1982: 141–143, Coates, 1990: 220–224, Dickinson, 2003: 489, and Boles, 2007: 431.

Holotype

AMNH 422144, adult female, collected at Wuroi, 08.50S, 143.07E (Deignan, 1964: 234), Oriomo River, Western Province, Papua New Guinea, on 4 February 1934, by Richard Archbold and Austin L. Rand on the 1933–1934 Archbold Expedition to New Guinea (no. 2733).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was cited in the original description. Mayr and Rand had four males, four immature males, four females, and one immature from Wuroi and one male from Dogwa, all 14 of which came to AMNH. The 13 paratypes are: Wuroi, eight males, AMNH 422133–422140, four females, AMNH 422141–422143, 422145; Dogwa, one male, AMNH 422146. Of these, AMNH 422138 and 422146 were exchanged to FMNH in the 1960s; I did not find AMNH 422137 in the collection.

Archbold and Rand (1935) provided a summary of the expedition, and Mayr and Rand (1937) reported on the birds. Mees (1982: 141–143) and Coates (1990: 224) synonymized wuroi with the nominate subspecies; Dickinson (2003: 489) and Boles (2007: 431) included it in the range of goodsoni.

Myiolestes megarhynchus palmeri Rand

Myiolestes megarhynchus palmeri Rand, 1938: 10 (Palmer River, two miles below the junction with Black River, south New Guinea).

Now Colluricincla megarhyncha palmeri (Rand, 1938). See Mees, 1982: 141–143, Coates, 1990: 220–224, Dickinson, 2003: 489, and Boles, 2007: 431.

Holotype

AMNH 427259, adult male, collected on the Palmer River, 2 miles below the junction with the Black River, 05.45S, 141.45E (PNG, 1984), Western Province, Papua New Guinea, on 18 July 1936, by Richard Archbold, Austin L. Rand, and George H.H. Tate on the 1936–1937 Archbold Expedition to New Guinea (no. 4536).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was cited in the original description and the range of palmeri was given as the Fly River area from the headwaters to Lake Daviumbu on the west bank and to the mouth at Gaima on the east bank. Paratypes are: AMNH 427255–427258, 427260–427297. Of these, AMNH 427255 and 427268 were exchanged to FMNH in the 1960s, and AMNH 427263 was sent to PNGM.

A summary of this expedition was provided by Rand and Brass (1940) and a report on the birds by Rand (1942a). Mees (1982: 141–143) and Coates (1990: 220–224) considered palmeri a synonym of nominate megarhyncha, while Dickinson (2003: 489) and Boles (2007: 431) recognized palmeri.

Pinarolestes megarhynchus despectus Rothschild and Hartert

Pinarolestes megarhynchus despectus Rothschild and Hartert, 1903a: 100 (Milne Bay, British New Guinea).

Now Colluricincla megarhyncha despecta (378379Rothschild and Hartert, 1903). See Ford, 1979, Coates, 1990: 220–224, Dickinson, 2003: 489, and Boles, 2007: 431.

Holotype

AMNH 657073, adult male, collected at Milne Bay, 10.25S, 150.30E (PNG, 1984), Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, on 14 February 1899, by Albert S. Meek (no. 2323). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Rothschild and Hartert cited Meek's unique field number of the holotype in the original description and listed a type series of 16 specimens. The 15 paratypes, all in AMNH, are: AMNH 657074 (Meek no. 2465), male, 12 April 1899, AMNH 657075 (2227), female, 1 February 1899, AMNH 657076 (2434), female, 1 April 1899, all from Milne Bay collected by Meek; AMNH 657086, female, 13 August 1896, AMNH 657088, female, 20 August 1896, AMNH 657089, AMNH 657090, AMNH 657091, sex ?, August–September 1896, all from Mt. Cameron collected by A.S. Anthony; AMNH 657087, male, 30 July 1895, Mailu District collected by Anthony; AMNH 657092, Sogeri, collected by H.O. Forbes; AMNH 657093, AMNH 657094, Eafa District, purchased in 1898 from McIlwraith and McEacharn; AMNH 657095, AMNH 657096, Low country near Port Moresby (probably Brown River) by Emil Weiske, purchased in 1898 from McIlwraith and McEacharn; and AMNH 657125, British New Guinea, collected by A. Goldie. These 15 do not quite correspond to the list given by Rothschild and Hartert: there are five rather than four specimens in AMNH collected in August–September 1896 by A.S. Anthony on Mt. Cameron, and a specimen listed as collected by Weiske between the Laloki ( =  Laroki, as published) and Vanapa rivers did not come to AMNH.

Pinarolestes megarhynchus superfluus Rothschild and Hartert

Pinarolestes megarhynchus superfluus Rothschild and Hartert, 1912: 205 (Kumusi River).

Now Colluricincla megarhyncha superflua (Rothschild and Hartert, 1912). See Ford, 1979, Coates, 1990: 220–224, Dickinson, 2003: 489, and Boles, 2007: 431.

Holotype

AMNH 657097, adult male, collected on the Kumusi River, 08.30S, 148.10E (PNG, 1984), Oro Province, Papua New Guinea, on 17 May 1907, by Albert S. Meek (no. 2962). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Meek's unique field number of the holotype was cited in the original description and a type series of six specimens listed. The five paratypes, all in AMNH and collected on the Kumusi River in May and June 1907 by A.S. Meek, are: males, AMNH 657098 (Meek no. 2975), AMNH 657099 (3006), AMNH 657100 (3166), females, AMNH 657101 (2961), and AMNH 657102 (3000). AMNH 657098, labeled “male” by Meek and marked “imm” by Hartert, is the specimen listed in the description as “female imm.”

Myiolestes megarhynchus idenburgi Rand

Myiolestes megarhynchus idenburgi Rand, 1940: 9 (7 [sic] km. southwest Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, altitude 850 meters, Netherland [sic] New Guinea).

Now Colluricincla megarhyncha idenburgi (Rand, 1940). See Ford, 1979, Dickinson, 2003: 489, and Boles, 2007: 431.

Holotype

AMNH 305658, adult male, collected 4 km (not 7 km) southwest of Bernhard Camp, 850 m, ca. 03.30S, 139.15E (Archbold et al., 1942, map), Taritatu ( =  Idenburg) River, Papua Province ( =  Netherlands New Guinea), Indonesia, on 30 March 1939, by Richard Archbold, Austin L. Rand, and William B. Richardson on the 1938–1939 Archbold Expedition to New Guinea (no. 10370).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was given in the original description and specimens from 850 and 1200 m on the mountain slopes just south of the Idenburg River were included in the type series. Rand (1942b: 490), in his record of the birds obtained on this expedition, listed the specimens obtained at these two localities as eight adult males, one immature male, and three adult females. The 11 paratypes are: AMNH 341693–641703. Of these, AMNH 641695 was sent to MZB in May 1957; and AMNH 641698 and 641701 were exchanged to FMNH in the mid-1960s.

The 1938–1939 Archbold Expedition was a joint expedition with the Netherlands East Indies government and was known as the Indisch-Amerikaansche Expeditie. Archbold et al. (1942) provided a summary of the expedition with an itinerary and maps of collecting localities.

Pinarolestes megarhynchus hybridus Meise

Pinarolestes megarhynchus hybridus Meise, 1929: 17 (Tana Mera, Nordostküste von Holländisch-Neuguinea).

Now Colluricincla megarhyncha hybridus (Meise, 1929). See Ford, 1979, Dickinson, 2003: 489, and Boles, 2007: 431.

Holotype

AMNH 657132, adult male, collected at Tanahmerah Bay ( =  Tana Mera), 02.24S, 140.20E (USBGN, 1982), Papua Province ( =  Holländisch-Neuguinea), Indonesia, in October 1896, by William Doherty. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Apparently, Meise had a single specimen; the type with the above data was said to be in the Rothschild Collection, and it bears a red type label in Meise's hand. The sex of this specimen was incorrectly noted as “female” on the Rothschild Museum label, but is given as “male” on the original field label and is so published by Meise. This description appeared after the last of Hartert's lists of types in the Rothschild Collection. See David and Gosselin (2002: 36) for spelling “hybridus.”

Pachycephala fortis trobriandi Hartert

Pachycephala fortis trobriandi Hartert (in Rothschild and Hartert), 1896b: 236 (Kiriwina, Trobriands).

Now Colluricincla megarhyncha trobriandi (121122123124125Hartert, 1896). See Ford, 1979, Coates, 1990: 220–224, Dickinson, 2003: 489, and Boles, 2007: 431.

Lectotype

AMNH 657154, adult male, collected on Kiriwina Island, 08.30S, 151.05E (PNG, 1984), Trobriand Islands, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, on 16 March 1895, by Albert S. Meek (no. 7). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert did not designate a type in the original description but noted that he had a male and a female specimen. Later, Rothschild and Hartert (1903a: 108) listed Meek's specimen no. 7 as the type, thereby designating it the lectotype. The paralectotype is AMNH 657155, female, collected on Kiriwina Island, on 11 March 1895, by Meek.

For a discussion of previous treatments of Australian forms of Colluricincla, see Schodde and Mason (1999: 456).

Caleya megarhynchus normani Mathews

Caleya megarhynhus normani Mathews, 1914: 100 (Norman River, Queensland).

Now Colluricincla megarhyncha normani (Mathews, 1914). See Ford, 1979, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 454–457, and Boles, 2007: 431.

Holotype

AMNH 657005, adult female, collected on the Norman River, 17.28S, 140.49E (USBGN, 1957), Queensland, Australia, on 16 April 1914, by Robin Kemp (no. A355). From the Mathews Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews listed as his type a specimen collected by Kemp on the Norman River on 16 April 1914. The above Mathews specimen is the only one of this species in AMNH from the Norman River and the only one from Queensland collected as late as 1914. The date was incorrectly copied onto the Rothschild Collection label as 15 April, but 16 April is shown on the original label. The specimen bears only an AMNH type label in addition to the Mathews and Rothschild collection labels.

Because Mathews gave the range of normani vaguely as “north Queensland” in the original description and because he frequently changed his mind concerning the populations of C. megarhyncha in Queensland, I have been unable to decide which, if any, of the specimens now in AMNH might be considered paratypes. Mathews usually used “Cape York” when he intended that geographical area. By the time he (Mathews, 1923a: 314) treated megarhyncha in Birds of Australia he was “inclined to the opinion” that the subspecies rufogaster (spelled “rufigaster”) from New South Wales, cerviniventris from south Queensland, and normani presumably from north Queensland, were a species separate from C. m. gouldii from mid-Queensland and C. m. griseata from northeast Queensland. No characters were given to separate the two supposedly different north Queensland birds. By the time he published his Systema Avium Australasianarum, Mathews' (1930: 648) opinion had apparently inclined in a different direction and he treated normani as a synonym of “Caleya megarhyncha cerviniventris.”

Colluricincla parvula alligator Mathews

Colluricincla parvula alligator Mathews, 1912b: 46 (Alligator River).

Now Colluricincla megarhyncha parvula Gould, 1845. See Ford, 1979, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 454–457, and Boles, 2007: 431.

Holotype

AMNH 656891, adult male, collected at Kapalga ( =  Koparlgoo, as on label), South Alligator River, 12.15S, 132.24E (USBGN, 1957), Northern Territory, Australia, on 5 October 1903, by J.T. Tunney (no. 1575). From the Mathews Collection (no. 4218) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description and gave the range of alligator as western Northern Territory. According to his catalog, he originally acquired the type specimen from the Rothschild Collection and cataloged it on 28 February 1910; Mathews apparently removed the original Rothschild label, as the only Rothschild label now on the specimen is printed “Ex. coll. G.M. Mathews.” The name was published on 2 April 1912. Mathews (1912b: 25) mentioned that he had recently received specimens collected by Dahl in Northern Territory. These specimens had been sent on loan to him by Prof. Collett in Oslo, and were later acquired by Mathews; they were cataloged by Mathews on 25 February 1912 and are paratypes: Daly River, AMNH 656885 (Mathews no. 11002), male, 13 August 1894, AMNH 656886 (11003), male, 15 August 1894, AMNH 656887 (11004), female, 27 July 1894; Katherine River, AMNH 656888 (11005), male, 10 July 1895. A second Tunney specimen (no. 1603), female, collected on the South Alligator River on 26 September 1903 was probably also acquired by Mathews from Rothschild, but I did not find it in Mathews' catalog; I consider it a probable paratype, AMNH 656894. AMNH 656884, male, collected on Anson Bay in 1910, was acquired from Ashby and not cataloged until 16 July 1912 (no. 12620), after the publication of the name; I do not consider it a paratype. Ashby had written “Return” on his label, but for some reason Mathews never did. Melville Island specimens are not paratypes.

Storr (1966: 64) noted that from 5 to 10 October 1903, Tunney collected in monsoon forest at Koparlgoo, “a former pastoral lease between the West and South Alligator Rivers extending from the coast to 32 miles inland.” CSIRO had a research station on this property from the mid 1970s until the 1990s, and it is now part of Kakadu National Park and is known as Kapalga (R. Schodde, personal commun.).

Colluricincla parvula omissa Mathews

Colluricincla parvula omissa Mathews, 1913b: 68 (Melville Island).

Now Colluricincla megarhyncha parvula Gould, 1845. See Ford, 1979, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 454–457, and Boles, 2007: 431.

Lectotype

AMNH 656895, adult male, collected at Coopers Camp, Apsley Strait, 11.35S, 130.28E (USBGN, 1957), Melville Island, Northern Territory, Australia, on 25 October 1911 by J.P. Rogers (no. 2265). From the Mathews Collection (no. 10813) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews said only that the type was collected on Melville Island on 25 October 1911; there are two such specimens from the Mathews Collection in AMNH, and although his catalog number appears on his type label, he did not cite it in the original description. AMNH 656895 bears a Mathews type label with the name Colluricincla parvula omissa written by Mathews, confirming that this specimen was his intended type; in order to remove any ambiguity, I hereby designate AMNH 656895 the lectotype of C. p. omissa. In addition to Mathews' type label, the specimen bears a Rothschild type label and Rogers' original field label.

By the time Mathews published C. p. omissa on 23 October 1913, he had cataloged all of Rogers' specimens from Melville Island; and, while I did not find in his catalog three of the specimens now at AMNH, I consider all of the Melville Island specimens paralectotypes. Paralectotypes from Coopers Camp: AMNH 656896 (Mathews no. 10812, Rogers no. 2201), male, 17 October 1911; AMNH 656897 (10814, 2238), male, 21 October 1911; AMNH 656898 (10815, 2278), male, 26 October 1911; AMNH 656899 (–, 2925), male, 19 February 1912; AMNH 656900 (11468, 2438), male, 10 November 1911; AMNH 656901 (10809, 2268), male, 25 October 1911; 656902 (11467, 2514), female, 25 November 1911; AMNH 656903 (11466, 2343), female, 3 November 1911; AMNH 656904 (10811, 2069), female, 30 September 1911; AMNH 656905 (10810, 2241), unsexed, 21 October 1911. Paralectotypes from 10 miles southeast of Gordon Point: AMNH 656906 (13414, 3408), male, 9 May 1912; AMNH 656907 (–, 3464), female, 15 May 1912); AMNH 656908 (13413, 3450), female, 13 May 1912; AMNH 656909 (13686, 3563), male, 29 May 1912; AMNH 656910 (13687, 3559), male, 29 May 1912. Paralectotype from Medina Inlet, AMNH 656911 (11465, 2563), male, 2 December 1911; from 10 miles southeast of Snake Bay, AMNH 656912 (–, 2709), female, 31 December 1911. It is possible that AMNH 656907 is the specimen cataloged by Mathews as no. 13685, a female, dated by him as 25 May 1912; otherwise, I did not find any Melville Island specimens in Mathews' catalog that are not now in AMNH. AMNH 656902 bears a “Figured” label and is illustrated in Mathews (1923a: pl. 480, upper figure, opp. p. 302, text p. 307).

Colluricincla parvula conigravi Mathews

Colluricincla parvula conigravi Mathews, 1912d: 94 (Admiralty Gulf, North-west Australia).

Now Colluricincla parvula parvula Gould, 1845. See Ford, 1979, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 454–457, and Boles, 2007: 431.

Holotype

AMNH 656879, adult male, collected on the southeast corner of Admiralty Gulf, 14.20S, 125.50E (USBGN, 1957), Western Australia, Australia, on 22 November 1911, by Charles P. Conigrave (no. 175). From the Mathews Collection (no. 13048) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description and cataloged five specimens from Admiralty Gulf received from Conigrave. The four paratypes are AMNH 656880 (Mathews no. 13044), male, 17 November 1911; AMNH 656881 (13046), female, 22 November 1911; AMNH 656882 (13045), female, 17 November 1911; and AMNH 656883 (13047), female, 22 November 1911.

For details of Conigrave's expedition, see Anonymous (1912).

Bowyeria boweri kuranda Mathews

Bowyeria boweri kuranda Mathews, 1916a: 61 (Kuranda, North Queensland).

Now Colluricincla boweri Ramsay, 1885. See Ford, 1979, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 452–453, and Boles, 2007: 431.

Holotype

AMNH 656923, unsexed, collected at Kuranda, 16.46S, 145.37E (Times Atlas), Queensland, Australia, on 20 May 1910, by A.P. or F.P. Dodd (no. 1). From the Mathews Collection (no. 5015) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews apparently had this single specimen from Kuranda, which he had cataloged under Pinarolestes “rufigaster”; no range was mentioned. I was unable to determine the significance of the number “844” that appears on Dodd's label in pencil. This specimen was probably collected by Alan P. Dodd; it may have been his first specimen; he was 14 years old at the time (b. 1896, Whittell, 1954: 203).

Colluricincla brunnea roebucki Mathews

Colluricincla brunnea roebucki Mathews, 1912d: 94 (Roebuck Bay, North-west Australia).

Now Colluricincla harmonica brunnea Gould, 1841. See Whittell and Serventy, 1948: 66, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 458–462, Johnstone and Storr, 2004: 214–217, and Boles, 2007: 431–432.

Holotype

AMNH 656797, adult male, collected at Roebuck Bay, 18.04S, 122.17E (USBGN, 1957), Western Australia, Australia, on 25 November 1895, by Knut Dahl (no. 1445). From the Mathews Collection (no. 10998) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype of roebucki in the original description. He had four specimens from Roebuck Bay, cataloged as having been received from Dahl, but they came to Mathews from Professor Collett at ZMUO. The three paratypes are: AMNH 656798 (Mathews no. 10999, Dahl no. 1471), male, collected 3 December 1895; AMNH 656799 (10997, 1551), female, collected 18 December 1895; and AMNH 656800 (11000, ?), female, collected 9 November 1895. AMNH 656800 was exchanged to George E. Sutton at OMNH in March 1963 and now has OMNH no. 15601 (Tamaki Yuri, personal commun.). Mathews considered Roebuck Bay to be in “North-west” Australia (see type locality) but gave the range of roebucki as “Mid-Westralia.” Because Mathews gave the range of parryi (Mathews, 1912b: 46) as “North-west Australia” (see below), I consider as paratypes of roebucki only the specimens from Roebuck Bay.

During the dates recorded on the labels of these specimens, Dahl (1927: 272–306) was collecting at Hill Station, some miles north of Broome, 17.58S, 122.14E (Johnstone and Storr, 2004: 504).

Colluricincla brunnea parryi Mathews

Colluricincla brunnea parryi Mathews, 1912b: 46 (Parry's Creek, North-west Australia).

Now Colluricincla harmonica brunnea Gould, 1841. See Whittell and Serventy, 1948: 66, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 458–462, Johnstone and Storr, 2004: 214–217, and Boles, 2007: 432–433.

Holotype

AMNH 656759, adult male, collected 5 miles west of Trig. Station HJ 9, Parry Creek, alt. 10 ft, 15.36S, 128.17E (Johnstone and Storr, 2004: 512), East Kimberley, Western Australia, Australia, on 29 August 1908, by J.P. Rogers (no. 33). From the Mathews Collection (no. 2502) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype of parryi in the original description. It bears, in addition to Rogers' original label, a Mathews Collection label, Mathews and Rothschild type labels, and a “Figured” label indicating that the specimen was illustrated in Mathews (1923a: pl. 479, opp. p. 290, text p. 291), where it is confirmed as the type of parryi. The number “638” on the Mathews Collection label refers to this species in Mathews (1908). Mathews received five Parry Creek specimens of this form from Rogers, four of which came to AMNH. The three AMNH paratypes are: AMNH 656760 (Mathews no. 2501), male, 24 August 1908; AMNH 656761 (2503), female, 13 August 1908; and AMNH 656762 (2504), female 29 August 1908. AMNH 656761 was also illustrated in Mathews (1923a: pl. 479, opp. p. 290, text p. 291). The specimen that did not come to AMNH was Mathews no. 2505, female, 5 August 1908, and if located is also a paratype. Mathews gave the range of parryi as northwest Australia, and the name was published on 2 April 1912. There are three additional specimens at AMNH that were in Mathews hand at that time and are also paratypes: AMNH 656756 (Mathews no. 5613), male, and AMNH 656758 (5614), female, both collected on Napier Broome Bay by C.F. Hill and cataloged 31 October 1910; AMNH 656765 (10384), male, collected on the Forrest River on 2 September 1911 and cataloged by Mathews on 24 February 1912. Three specimens collected by Conigrave on Napier Broome Bay and the Barton River in October 1911 were not cataloged by Mathews until 6 August 1912, long after parryi was published, and are not considered paratypes.

Colluricincla brunnea caloola Mathews

Colluricincla brunnea caloola Mathews, 1913a: 10 (Caloola, Leichhardt River, Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland).

Now Colluricincla harmonica brunnea Gould, 1841. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 458–462, and Boles, 2007: 432–433.

Holotype

AMNH 656794, adult male, collected 14 miles downriver from Caloola Station, Leichhardt River, Queensland, Australia, on 12 June 1910, by William R. McLennan for William D.K. Macgillivray. From the Mathews Collection (no. 17304) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews gave the date and collecting locality of the type. AMNH 656794 is the only Mathews specimen with those data; it bears the original label, marked “Type” by Mathews, and both Mathews and Rothschild type labels. The Mathews catalog number of the type was not given in the original description, and the catalog number that appears on the Rothschild type label is incorrectly written as “17309”; the correct catalog number is 17304, a specimen obtained from Macgillivray and cataloged on 2 June 1913. Mathews at this time no longer wrote localities in his catalog; however, Macgillivray (1914: 133) under 11 June 1910 noted that McLennan was camped 14 miles down the river (north) from Caloola. Caloola Station was reached by traveling west from Donaldson, 19.52S, 140.22E (Times Atlas), to the Leichhardt River.

Mathews cataloged a second male specimen at no. 17303 with a date of 22 July 1910, also obtained from Macgillivray and also without a locality in the catalog. From Macgillivray (1914: 134–135), it appears that McLennan was moving north on the Gregory River at this time. Macgillivray (1914: 173) noted the following: “Colluricincla brunnea. Brown Shrike-Thrush.–Mr. M'Lennan collected two specimens in the Gulf country, both of which Mr. Mathews refers to this species. They differ very considerably from one another, and until a larger series of skins is examined and more observations made in a state of nature I would not consider the matter settled.” This specimen is a paratype of caloola and is now AMNH 656723, [immature] male, collected at Fiery Downs, Gregory River, on 22 July 1910 by McLennan.

Colluricincla brunnea tachycrypta Rothschild and Hartert

Colluricincla brunnea tachycrypta Rothschild and Hartert, 1915: 60 (Milne Bay).

Now Colluricincla harmonica superciliosa Masters, 1876. See Coates, 1990: 224–225, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 460–462, and Boles, 2007: 432–433.

Holotype

AMNH 656738, adult male, collected at Milne Bay, 10.25S, 150.30E (PNG, 1984), Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, on 19 April 1899, by Albert S. Meek (no. 2484). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Rothschild and Hartert gave Meek's unique field number of the holotype in the original description. They did not say how many specimens they had but referred to an earlier paper (Rothschild and Hartert, 1903a: 99) in which they listed them. There are four paratypes: AMNH 656739 (Meek no. 2456), male, Milne Bay, 11 April 1899; AMNH 656740 (2186), female, Milne Bay, 18 January 1899; AMNH 656741 (2519), female [male], Collingwood Bay, 27 May 1899; and AMNH 656742, unsexed, Port Moresby, no date, purchased from the dealer E. Gerrard and noted as perhaps collected by A. Goldie. This last specimen has a dull blackish throat and blackish patch over the left eye; there is a white eyestripe over the right eye and white lores on the left. Rothschild and Hartert (1903a: 99) mentioned this peculiarity. Coates (1990: 225) recognized tachycrypta, Schodde and Mason (1999: 461) discussed tachycrypta and included it within superciliosa, and this was followed by Boles (2007: 433).

Colluricincla harmonica pallescens Mathews

Colluricincla harmonica pallescens Mathews, 1912a: 369 (Queensland (Cairns)).

Now Colluricincla harmonica harmonica (Latham, 1801). See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 458–462, and Boles, 2007: 432–433.

Holotype

AMNH 656702, adult male, collected on the Barron River, Queensland, Australia, on 7[?] June 1911 by [A.P.] Dodd (no. 26). From the Mathews Collection (no. 9306) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews gave his catalog number of the holotype and the above specimen has, in addition to Dodd's label, Mathews and Rothschild type labels bearing the catalog number; it is also marked “Type” by Mathews in his catalog. On Dodd's collecting label, the locality is given as “Barron River,” and while the Barron River flows into the ocean near Cairns, it is much more likely that this specimen was collected on the Barron River near Kuranda, 16.46S, 145.37E (Times Atlas), where the Dodds lived. The day of collection has been overwritten and could either be read as a “7” or a “1.”

The following specimens, cataloged by Mathews before the publication of pallescens on 31 January 1912, are paratypes: Barron River, AMNH 656705 (Mathews no. 5014), male, collected 6 June 1910 by [A.P.] Dodd (no. 14); AMNH 656718 (9305), unsexed, on 12 July 1910 by Dodd. AMNH 656724 (10288), male collected on 5 October 1911 by Dodd and not cataloged until 13 February 1912, may have been in Mathews hand before the publication of the name and is a possible paratype. Four specimens from the Mathews Collection, AMNH 656719–656722, were collected by E. Olive at Cooktown in 1896–1900 and purchased from Robinson, but I did not find them in Mathews' catalog, and AMNH 656725 (11238) collected by Schrader at Tolga, on the Atherton Tableland, was not cataloged by Mathews until March 1912; I do not consider them paratypes. Three specimens from the Mathews Collection, AMNH 656727–656729, collected by Bowyer-Bower in 1885 at Cairns, were not cataloged by Mathews until May 1913, after the publication of pallescens. Other specimens in AMNH either were never in the Mathews Collection or were collected after the name was published.

Colluricincla harmonica oblita Mathews

Colluricincla harmonica oblita Mathews, 1912a: 369 (Queensland (Inkerman)).

Now Colluricincla harmonica harmonica (Latham, 1801). See Mayr, 1967: 43, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 458–462, and Boles, 2007: 432–433.

Holotype

AMNH 656654, adult male, collected near Mt. Abbot, 20.08S, 147.40E (Times Atlas), Queensland, Australia, on 21 October 1907, by Wilfred Stalker (no. 369). From the Mathews Collection (no. 2493), via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description, but carelessly gave the collecting locality as Inkerman. Stalker's collection, mostly from the vicinity of Inkerman Station (19.45S, 147.29E, USBGN, 1957), was made for Sir William Ingram and reported on by his son Collingwood Ingram (1908a), who noted that Stalker also collected on mounts Elliot and Abbot. The above specimen is clearly labeled Mount Abbot, and so listed by Ingram (1908a: 472). It bears Stalker's original label and Mathews and Rothschild type labels. Stalker collected the single specimen.

Mathews gave the range of oblita as south Queensland, contrary to the site of collection of its holotype in northeast Queensland. Specimens collected by Lumholtz at Gracemere and Mackay in central east Queensland in 1881 and 1882, were not cataloged by Mathews until 2 November 1912, after the publication of oblita.

Colluricincla harmonica victoriae Mathews

Colluricincla harmonica victoriae Mathews, 1912a: 369 (Victoria).

Now Colluricincla harmonica harmonica (Latham, 1801). See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 458–462, and Boles, 2007: 432–433.

Holotype

AMNH 656615, female, collected at Olinda, 37.51S, 145.22E (USBGN, 1957), Victoria, Australia, on 15 April 1911, by Thomas H. Tregellas. From the Mathews Collection (no. 9046) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description. In addition to Tregellas' original label, the holotype bears Mathews and Rothschild type labels; the number “636” that appears on Tregellas' label refers to the number of this species in Mathews (1908).

Mathews gave the range of victoriae as “Victoria, South Australia.” Because Mathews, at that time and later, considered South Australian birds to be Colluricincla rufiventris Gould, I have not considered any of Mathews' South Australian specimens to be part of the type series of C. harmonica victoriae. Paratypes are thus restricted to the following specimens: Bayswater, AMNH 656595 (Mathews no. 8068), AMNH 656596 (8069); Blackburn, AMNH 656597 (4235), AMNH 656598 (4236), AMNH 656599 (5059); Olinda, AMNH 656611 (9045), AMNH 656612 (8531), AMNH 656618 (4961), AMNH 656619 (8532), AMNH 656620 (8067); Ringwood, AMNH 656621 (8533), AMNH 656622 (5935). Two specimens collected by C.F. Cole long before publication of victoriae on 31 January 1912 are not considered paratypes, as Whittell (1954: 158) noted that Cole did not send his collection to Mathews until 1914. AMNH 656625 was collected early enough for inclusion but was not cataloged until 7 March 1912 (Mathews no. 11153), over a month after the publication of victoriae; AMNH 656608, 656609, 656617 were also collected early enough, but I have not considered them paratypes as I did not find them listed in Mathews' catalog. All other Victorian specimens of this species in AMNH were either collected after the publication date of victoriae or were never in the Mathews Collection.

Colluricincla harmonica kingi Mathews

Colluricincla harmonica kingi Mathews, 1923a: 289 (King Island).

Now Colluricincla harmonica strigata Swainson, 1837. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 458–462, and Boles, 2007: 432–433.

Syntypes

AMNH 656733, immature male, and AMNH 656734, female, collected on King Island, 39.50S, 144.00E (USBGN, 1957), Tasmania, Australia, on 3 and 2 May 1914, respectively, by Thomas H. Tregellas. From the Mathews Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews' comment, “Type, King Island,” does not distinguish between his two specimens from that locality; therefore, they both must be considered syntypes. Mathews did not catalog these specimens. That they were collected by Tregellas is evident from the handwriting on the field labels; and proof that he was on King Island in May 1914 is supplied by one entry in Mathews' catalog, specimen no. 18482, Amaurodryas kingi ( =  Petroica vittata), collected on 2 May 1914 by Tregellas. The number “636” that appears on Tregellas' field labels of the syntypes refers to the number of this species in Mathews (1908).

Colluricincla harmonica zamba Mathews

Colluricincla harmonica zamba Mathews, 1912b: 46 (Kangaroo Island, South Australia).

Now Colluricincla harmonica harmonica (Latham, 1801). See Mayr, 1967: 44, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 458–462, and Boles, 2007: 432–433.

Holotype

AMNH 656591 adult male, collected at Waterfall Creek, Kangaroo Island, 35.50S, 137.06E (USBGN, 1957), South Australia, Australia, on 4 December 1911, by Samuel A. White (no. 389). From the Mathews Collection (no. 10183) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description. The specimen bears, in addition to White's field label, Mathews and Rothschild type labels and a “Figured” label, indicating that it was illustrated in Mathews (1923a: pl. 478, opp. p. 278, text p. 280), where it is confirmed as the type of zamba. Only one additional Kangaroo Island specimen cataloged by Mathews before the name was published on 2 April 1912 came to AMNH: paratype AMNH 656593 (Mathews no. 10182), female, collected on 1 December 1911 by S.A. White (no. 388). There are perhaps additional specimens in SAMA.

Colluricincla rufiventris whitei Mathews

Colluricincla rufiventris whitei Mathews, 1912a: 370 (South Australia (Eyre's Peninsula)).

Now Colluricincla harmonica rufiventris Gould, 1841. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 458–462, and Boles, 2007: 432–433.

Holotype

AMNH 656849, adult male, collected on the Koppio ( =  Copio, as on label) Hills, 34.25S, 135.51E (USBGN, 1957), southern Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia, on 13 October 1909, by Samuel A. White (no. 8). From the Mathews Collection (no. 9304) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description. The specimen bears, in addition to White's label, Mathews and Rothschild type labels. C. r. whitei was published on 31 January 1912, and specimens from Eyre Peninsula cataloged by Mathews before that date are paratypes: AMNH 656850 (Mathews no. 9570), male, Arno Bay, 8 September 1911; AMNH 656851 (9569), male, Warunda Creek, 26 August 1911; AMNH 656852 (9571), male, Lake Greenly; AMNH 656856 (9970), male, 5 October 1911, AMNH 656857 (9969), male, 8 October 1911, and AMNH 656858 (9971), female, 5 October 1911, all three from nw Port Augusta. AMNH 656869 and 6568870 were collected by Arthur H. Mattingley at Warunda on 10 October 1900, but I did not find them in Mathews catalog and have no way of knowing when they came into his possession. I have not considered them paratypes.

Colluricincla rufiventris murchisoni Mathews

Colluricincla rufiventris murchisoni Mathews, 1912d: 94 (East Murchison, Westralia).

Now Colluricincla harmonica rufiventris Gould, 1841. See Whittell and Serventy, 1948: 66, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 458–462, and Boles, 2007: 432–433.

Holotype

AMNH 656809, adult male, collected at Milly Pool, East Murchison River drainage, Western Australia, Australia, on 17 October 1909, by F. Lawson Whitlock. From the Mathews Collection (no. 3896) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description and gave the range of murchisoni as East Murchison. In addition to Whitlock's label, the holotype bears Mathews and Rothschild type labels. Whitlock (1910: 186–187) was at Milly Pool, ca. 20 miles northwest of Wiluna, 26.37S, 120.12E (Times Atlas), from mid-September to 6 November 1909, and the type locality of murchisoni is hereby restricted to Milly Pool. Four additional Mathews specimens at AMNH are paratypes: AMNH 656810 (Mathews no. 3897), male, and AMNH 656811 (3898), female, 25 September 1909 (noted in Mathews' catalog as a pair); AMNH 656812 (3899), 20 September 1909, and AMNH 656813 (2901), 21 October 1909, juveniles, all collected in East Murchison by Whitlock. Whitlock (1910: 207) did not mention how many specimens of “Collyriocincla” rufiventris he collected, but another specimen was cataloged by Mathews as no. 3900, juvenile, collected on 20 September 1909 and, if found, is also a paratype of murchisoni.

Colluricincla rufiventris carteri Mathews

Colluricincla rufiventris carteri Mathews, 1923c: 35 (near Albany, South-west Australia).

Now Colluricincla harmonica rufiventris Gould, 1841. See Whittell and Serventy, 1948: 66, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 458–462, and Boles, 2007: 432–433.

Syntypes

AMNH 656835 (Mathews no. 2513), adult male, collected at “Tor Bay, Albany,” 35.02S, 117.53E (USBGN, 1957), southwestern Western Australia, Australia, 22 April 1905; AMNH 656836 (2511), immature male, collected at Albany, 11 February 1905, by Thomas Carter; AMNH 656837 (5203), immature male, collected at Albany, 9 January 1905, by Thomas Carter. From the Mathews Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Only three specimens from the Mathews Collection are labeled Albany, but none are indicated as the type; accordingly, all are considered syntypes. AMNH 656835 has no original label, only a Mathews Collection label with data supplied by Mathews; the locality probably should be Torbay Bay, near Albany. His catalog number is also written on it, but there is no further information concerning its provenance. The other two specimens are immatures but the original description is characteristically too vague to exclude them as types.

Colluricincla woodwardi Hartert

Colluricincla woodwardi Hartert, 1905a: 228 (10 miles east of South Alligator River).

Now Colluricincla woodwardi 158159160161Hartert, 1905. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 463, and Boles, 2007: 432–433.

Holotype

AMNH 656875, adult male, collected 10 miles east of South Alligator River, Northern Territory, Australia, on 15 August 1903, by John T. Tunney (no. 1545). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert cited Tunney's field number of the holotype in the original description; it is illustrated in Hartert, 1906b: pl. I, fig. 2. Hartert, in addition to the holotype, had three female specimens in his type series, one of which came to AMNH: paratype, AMNH 656876, adult female, South Alligator River, mountain country, 15 August 1903, Tunney no. 1546. Tunney's collection was divided between the WAM and Walter Rothschild (Hartert, 1905a: 194) and presumably the remaining paratypes are in WAM. The Tunney numbers of these two specimens are given by Hartert (1905a: 228) as nos. 1544 and 1545, the latter being a duplication of the number on the holotype, and it may be a typographical error.

Storr (1966) discussed Tunney's itinerary in northern Australia in 1901–1903 and (p. 63) gave his locality from 13–16 August as Margaret River, a mile west of Grove Hill, 13.29S, 131.33E (Times Atlas). However, Schodde (personal commun.) has pointed out that the Margaret River is 50–100 miles west of the South Alligator River, in open country with rounded quartzite outcrops, an area completely unsuitable for C. woodwardi, and that the locality on the label and cited by Hartert is an area of sandstone outcrops that skirt the east flood plain of the South Alligator River, an area to which C. woodwardi is confined.

Alphacincla woodwardi didimus Mathews

Alphacincla woodwardi didimus Mathews, 1916b: 83 (McArthur River, Northern Territory).

Now Colluricincla woodwardi 158159160161Hartert, 1905. See Mayr, 1967: 14, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 463, and Boles, 2007: 432–433.

Holotype

AMNH 656877, immature male, collected at McArthur Station, 16.27S, 136.06E (Storr, 1977:110), McArthur River, Northern Territory, Australia, on 5 September 1913, by H.G. Barnard. From the Mathews Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews gave the place and date of collection of the type as McArthur River on 5 September 1913. The above specimen is the only such specimen that came to AMNH and is the holotype. It bears a Mathews Collection label, marked “Type” by Mathews and a Rothschild type label. In addition there is an H.L. White Collection label (no. 145), filled in by Barnard, a Rothschild Collection label printed “Ex. coll. G.M. Mathews” and a “Figured” label, indicating that it was illustrated in Mathews (1923a, pl. 480, opp. p. 302, text p. 302), where it is confirmed as the type of didimus. The wing measurement of 114 mm given for this specimen is correct, but the specimen is a very worn juvenile. There is one paratype: AMNH 656878, female, collected on the McArthur River, on 29 August 1913, by Barnard and also from the H.L. White Collection (no. 145). These specimens were probably acquired from White during Mathews' 1914 trip to Australia; neither was cataloged by Mathews.

[Colluricincla woodwardi assimilis Mathews]

Mathews (1914: 100) described assimilis from “Northern Territory [East]” and designated as type a specimen collected at Napier Broome Bay, North-west Australia on 20 July 1910. There is no specimen of Colluricincla in AMNH collected on 20 July 1910 from either Northern Territory or Western Australia.

Pitohui dohertyi Rothschild and Hartert

Pitohui dohertyi Rothschild and Hartert, 1903a: 95 (Ron).

Now Pitohui kirhocephalus dohertyi 378379Rothschild and Hartert, 1903. See Dickinson, 2003: 490, and Boles, 2007: 433–434.

Holotype

AMNH 656286, adult male, collected on Roon ( =  Ron) Island, 02.24S, 134.32E (Times Atlas), Teluk Cenderawasih ( =  Geelvink Bay), Papua Province, Indonesia, in June 1897, by William Doherty (no. 969). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, the type was listed as Doherty specimen no. 769 from Ron Island, collected in June 1897. This was apparently a lapsus, as Hartert (1920a: 454) listed the type as no. 969, without comment. The above specimen is marked “Type of P. dohertyi” on Doherty's label and bears a Rothschild type label. It is the only Roon Island specimen of Doherty's that has a number.

Rothschild and Hartert listed a type series of three males and two females collected in June 1897 and seven males and two females collected in July 1897. Seven of the males and two of the females collected by Doherty at that time on Roon came to AMNH, and it is not clear whether there is an error in the list of specimens or whether there were additional specimens that were not kept by Rothschild. The eight paratypes in AMNH are: AMNH 656287, AMNH 656288, males, July; AMNH 656289, male, June; AMNH 656290, male, July; AMNH 656291, AMNH 656292, males, June; AMNH 656293, AMNH 656294, females, July.

Pitohui jobiensis brunneivertex Rothschild

Pitohui jobiensis brunneivertex Rothschild, 1931: 262 (Mt. Derimapa).

Now Pitohui kirhocephalus brunneivertex Rothschild, 1931. See Dickinson, 2003: 490, and Boles, 2007: 433–434.

Holotype

AMNH 302921, adult male, collected on Mt. Derimapa, 5000 ft, Gebroeders Range, 03.40S, 135.55E (USBGN, 1943), Kobowre ( =  Weyland) Mountains, Papua Province, Indonesia, on 24 June 1930, by Frederick Shaw Mayer (no. 42).

Comments

In the original description, male number 42 from Mt. Derimapa was designated as the holotype. This specimen bears only an AMNH type label, which was incorrectly marked “syntype.” A second AMNH type label has been added, indicating that it is a holotype. Shaw Mayer's collecting in the Gebroeders was supported jointly by Leonard C. Sanford for AMNH and Walter Rothschild and was to be divided between the two museums. However, before this division occurred, Rothschild sold his collection to AMNH and Shaw Mayer's specimens all came directly to AMNH. Rothschild's type series comprised two males from Mt. Derimapa and one female from the Siriwo River. The two paratypes are: AMNH 302922 (Shaw Mayer no. 83), male, Mt. Derimapa, 28 June 1930; AMNH 302923 (4), female, Siriwo River, 30 miles above mouth, 9 June 1930.

Pitohui meyeri Rothschild and Hartert

Pitohui meyeri Rothschild and Hartert, 1903a: 96 (Takar).

Now Pitohui kirhocephalus meyeri 378379Rothschild and Hartert, 1903. See Dickinson, 2003: 490, and Boles, 2007: 433–434.

Holotype

AMNH 656319, adult male, collected at Takar, 02.02S, 139.08E (USBGN, 1982), Papua Province, Indonesia, in October 1896, by William Doherty (no. 1011). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, the type was said to bear the unique number 1011, thereby designating it the holotype. Rothschild and Hartert (1903a: 96) also listed their specimens, all of which came to AMNH. The paratypes are: AMNH 656320, female, Takar, October 1896; AMNH 656321, female, Takar, November 1896; AMNH 656340, unsexed, N.E. Coast, Tana Mera; AMNH 656341, female, Tana Mera, October 1896. The Tana Mera specimens are also paratypes of proteus (see below).

Pitohui kirhocephalus proteus Hartert

Pitohui kirhocephalus proteus Hartert, 1932: 469 (Ifaar).

Now Pitohui kirhocephalus meyeri 378379Rothschild and Hartert, 1903. See Dickinson, 2003: 490, and Boles, 2007 433–434.

Holotype

AMNH 656327, adult male, collected at Ifaar, 02.34S, 140.31E (USBGN, 1982), Sentani Lake, Papua Province, Indonesia, on 22 September 1928, by Ernst Mayr (no. 2513). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

When Hartert reported on New Guinea birds held in the Bogor ( =  Buitenzorg) Museum (MZB), he had retired from Rothschild's Museum and was living in Berlin but had borrowed specimens from Rothschild, one of which was the holotype of proteus. Hartert gave Mayr's unique field number of the holotype, but mistakenly published the date of collection as 22 September 1923. This is, indeed, the year that appears on Mayr's field label, but he was at Ifaar in September 1928; the date is correctly written on the printed Rothschild Museum label. Mayr's collection was divided between Rothschild and AMNH, with a subset sent to MZB; the Rothschild portion came to AMNH in 1932, but the five paratypes listed individually in the original description are apparently all at MZB. Additional specimens listed by Hartert (1932: 469) as belonging to his new form are the Tana Mera specimens listed as paratypes of meyeri (above); they are also paratypes of proteus: AMNH 656340, unsexed, N.E. Coast, Tana Mera; AMNH 656341, female, Tana Mera, October 1896. Furthermore, Hartert included as paratypes of proteus all of the specimens identified as meyeri that were collected by Mayr at Hollandia (9), in the Cyclops Mountains (3), and at Ifaar (27) in 1928 (see Hartert, 1930b: 60–61). Paratypes that came to AMNH are: Cyclops Mountains, AMNH 656322, 294152, 294153; Ifaar, AMNH 656323–656326, 656328–656335, 294138–294147; Hollandia, AMNH 656336–656339, 294148–294151. Of these AMNH 294146 was sent to the PNGM. Rothschild may have exchanged other specimens before his collection came to AMNH.

Pitohui dichrous monticola Rothschild

Pitohui dichrous monticola Rothschild, 1904: 79 (Upper Aroa River in British New Guinea).

Now Pitohui dichrous (Bonaparte, 1850). See Mayr, 1967: 49, Coates, 1990: 228–229, Boles, 2007: 434, and Dumbacher et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 656429, adult male, collected at Avera, Aroa River, Central Province, Papua New Guinea, on 27 January 1903, by Albert S. Meek (no. A. 124). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Meek's unique field number of the holotype was given in the original description, and he was said to have collected a series on the Upper Aroa River. Four paratypes collected there by Meek at Avera in 1903 came to AMNH: AMNH 656427 (Meek no. A 209), male, 6 January; AMNH 656428 (A 237), male, 16 February; AMNH 656430 (A 139) male, 28 January; AMNH 656431 (A 58), female, 23 January. AMNH 656430 was exchanged to FMNH in the 1960s.

The late W.S. Peckover had researched the location of Avera and thought that it was at ca. 08.38S, 147.05E; this is very near Aveve, which he found to be at 08.40S, 147.05E.

Pitohui ferrugineus fuscus Greenway

Pitohui ferrugineus fuscus Greenway, 1966: 19 (Batanta, off western New Guinea [West Irian]).

Now Pitohui ferrugineus fuscus Greenway, 1966. See Dickinson, 2003: 490, Boles, 2007: 434–435, and Dumbacher et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 789553, adult female, collected behind Wailabet Village, near sea level, Batanta Island, Papua Province, Indonesia, on 4 July 1964, by E. Thomas Gilliard.

Comments

Greenway cited the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description. The paratypes listed by Greenway are: AMNH 789549–789552, 789554–789557, taken by Gilliard between sea level and 1500 ft on Mt. Batanta (00.53S, 130.36E, USBGN, 1982) from 16 June to 6 July 1964 and AMNH 656457 collected by Bruijn's collectors on Batanta in 1875.

Rhectes ferrugineus brevipennis Hartert

Rhectes ferrugineus brevipennis Hartert (in Rothschild and Hartert), 1896c: 534 (Aru Islands).

Now Pitohui ferrugineus brevipennis (121122123124125Hartert, 1896). See Dickinson, 2003: 490, Boles, 2007: 434–435, and Dumbacher et al., 2008.

Lectotype

AMNH 656472, unsexed, collected at Manumbai ( =  Wanoembai  =  Wannambai), 06.02S, 134.18E (USBGN, 1982), Aru Islands, Papua Province, Indonesia, on 25 June 1896, by Herbert Cayley-Webster (no. 217). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

No type was designated in the original description; later, Rothschild and Hartert (1903a: 97) listed Cayley-Webster specimen no. 217 as the type of brevipennis, thereby designating it the lectotype. The number of specimens in the type series was not mentioned. Only one additional Aru Island specimen collected prior to the publication of brevipennis came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection: paralectotype, AMNH 656471, unsexed, collected at Maikoor (Mikroor on label), Aru Islands, 10 July 1896, by Cayley-Webster. Hartert also accepted A.B. Meyer's (1884: 285) prior mention of the shorter tail in Aru specimens; therefore, Meyer's specimens would also be paralectotypes (ICZN, 1999: 76, Art. 72.4.1).

An account of the collector's stay in the Maikoor area is found in Cayley-Webster (1898: 198–204).

Pitohui cristatus arthuri Hartert

Pitohui cristatus arthuri Hartert, 1930b: 61 (Cyclops Mountains).

Now Pitohui cristatus arthuri 191Hartert, 1930. See Dickinson, 2003: 490, Boles, 2007: 435, and Dumbacher et al, 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 294125, adult male, collected at Camp I, Cyclops Mountains, 02.32S, 140.36E (USBGN, 1982), Papua Province, Indonesia, on 23 August 1928, by Ernst Mayr (no. 1962).

Comments

Hartert cited Mayr's unique field number of the holotype in the original description and listed two specimens, a male and a female. The paratype is AMNH 656543, female, collected at Camp I, Cyclops Mountains, on 22 August 1928, by Ernst Mayr (no. 1948).

Mayr (1930) described his itinerary and collecting localities. His expedition was supported jointly by Walter Rothschild and by Leonard C. Sanford for AMNH (Hartert, 1930a: 18–19). The holotype came to AMNH with Sanford's portion of the collection, and the paratype came in 1932, when AMNH purchased the Rothschild Collection.

Pitohui cristata kodonophonos Mayr

Pitohui cristata kodonophonos Mayr, 1931c: 676 (terra typica: Aroariver).

Now Pitohui cristatus kodonophonos 285286Mayr, 1931. See Coates, 1990: 232–234, Boles, 2007: 435, and Dumbacher et al., 2008.

Syntypes

AMNH 656544 (Meek no. A 430), male, 18 March 1903; AMNH 656545 (A 269), male, 22 February 1903; AMNH 656546 (A 182), female, 2 February 1903; AMNH 656547 (A 265), female, 21 February 1903; AMNH 656548 (A 408), female, 12 March 1903; AMNH 656549 (A 450), female, 22 March 1903, all from Avera, upper Aroa River, Central Province, Papua New Guinea, collected by Albert S. Meek. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In naming kodonophonos, Mayr called attention to Hartert's (1930b: 61) mistakenly calling southeastern New Guinea specimens of Pitohui cristata by Ramsay's name P. cristata brunneiceps, which is, in fact, a nominal subspecies of Pitohui kirhocephalus. Mayr did not designate a type, stating only that the “terra typica” of kodonophonos was the Aroa River. Rothschild and Hartert (1907: 470) had listed six specimens of P. cristata from the Aroa River, giving Meek's field numbers; and those six specimens, which came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection, are the syntypes listed above. They had not been recognized as types previously; two of them, AMNH 656544 and AMNH 656547, were exchanged to FMNH in the 1960s.

The late W.S. Peckover had researched the location of Avera and thought it to be at ca. 08.38S, 147.05E, very near to Aveva at 08.40S, 147.05E.

Pitohui nigrescens wandamensis Hartert

Pitohui nigrescens wandamensis Hartert, 1930b: 59 (Wondiwoi).

Now Pitohui nigrescens wandamensis 191Hartert, 1930. See Dickinson, 2003: 490, Boles, 2007: 435, and Dumbacher et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 656570, adult female, collected in the Wondiwoi Mountains, inland from Wasior, 02.38S, 134.27E (Times Atlas), on the peninsula that juts out to the east of Wandamen Bay, Papua Province, Indonesia, on 9 July 1928, by Ernst Mayr (no. 1410). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert cited Mayr's unique field number of the holotype in the original description. He had one additional specimen, paratype AMNH 294178, adult male, collected in the Wondiwoi Mountains on 14 July 1928 by Ernst Mayr (no. 1511). Mayr's expedition was sponsored jointly by Walter Rothschild and by Leonard C. Sanford for AMNH. The paratype came directly to AMNH and the holotype came in 1932 with the purchase of the Rothschild Collection. See Mayr (1930: 24) for an account of his collecting in the Wondiwoi Mountains.

Pitohui meeki Rothschild and Hartert

Pitohui meeki Rothschild and Hartert, 1913: 507 (Mt. Goliath).

Now Pitohui nigrescens meeki Rothschild and Hartert, 1913. See Dickinson, 2003: 490, Boles, 2007: 435, and Dumbacher et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 656573, adult female, collected on Mt. Goliath, 04.40S, 139.52E (USBGN, 1982), Papua Province, Indonesia, on 7 February 1911, by Albert S. Meek (no. 5321). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Rothschild and Hartert based their description of meeki on the above single specimen.

Lectotype

AMNH 682912, adult male, collected at Reine Hortense near Cauterets, 42.53N, 00.06W (Times Atlas), central Pyrenees, France, on 22 March 1907 by J. Mousquès. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

When Hartert (1918c: 429) described this subspecies, he omitted the name, only providing it later as A. c. pyrenaicus (Hartert, 1919: 40). In the 1918 description, he (172173174Hartert, 1918: 429) had provided the above information for the type and said that he had 27 specimens from the central Pyrenees, collected by Mousquès. There are, however, 27 such specimens in AMNH in addition to the type. In this series, two specimens bear data identical to that given for the type, and Hartert (1920a: 442) did not further distinguish between them. AMNH 682912 bears the Rothschild type label and the Rothschild Museum label has “Type” written by Hartert on the reverse. It was Hartert's intent that this specimen be the type; and in order to remove the ambiguity, I hereby designate AMNH 682912 the lectotype of Aegithalos caudatus pyrenaicus. The 27 paralectotypes are: AMNH 682902–682911, and 682913–682929.

Aegithalus caudatus italiae Jourdain

Aegithalus caudatus italiae Jourdain, 1910: 39 (Cremona, Italy).

Now Aegithalos caudatus italiae Jourdain, 1910. See Dickinson, 2003: 538, and Harrap, 2008a: 95–96.

Holotype

AMNH 682942, male, collected at Cremona, 45.08N, 10.01E (Times Atlas), Italy, in September 1907, no. 1190. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Jourdain had only the type specimen from the Rothschild Collection before him when he described italiae, although he refers to other Italian specimens in BMNH; the number 1190 is written on the Rothschild type label. Hartert (1920a: 442) noted that the collector of this specimen was Ferragni.

Aegithaliscus concinnus tonkinensis Delacour and Jabouille

Aegithaliscus concinnus tonkinensis Delacour and Jabouille, 1930: 394 (Chapa (Tonkin), altitude: 1.600 mètres).

Now Aegithalos concinnus talifuensis (Rippon, 1903). See Snow, 1967a: 57, Eck and Martens, 2006: 4–5, Dickinson et al., 2006a: 69, and Harrap, 2008a: 96–97.

Holotype

AMNH 292190, adult male, collected at Chapa, 1600 m, 22.21N, 103.49E (Hennache and Dickinson, 2000: 624), Vietnam, 15 November 1929, by Jean Dealcour and P. Jabouille (no. 904). From Delacour's Fifth Expedition, October 1929–February 1930.

Comments

Delacour and Jabouille gave their unique field number of the holotype in the original description. Sixteen specimens were collected between 8 November 1929 and 10 January 1930; of these, seven came to AMNH and six are paratypes: Chapa, AMNH 291763, male, 8 November 1929; AMNH 291764 (Delacour and Jabouille no. 3054), female, 28 December 1929: AMNH 291765 (754), unsexed, 10 November 1929; AMNH 291766 (1413), unsexed, 22 November 1929; AMNH 291767 (3055), unsexed, 28 December 1929; Long-Phinh, AMNH 291768 (3379), male, 10 January 1930.

See Hennache and Dickinson (2000) for a detailed account of the various expeditions to Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia by Delacour and colleagues between 1923 and 1939.

Aegithaliscus anophrys Swinhoe

Aegithaliscus anophrys Swinhoe, 1868: 64 (Tingchow mountains).

Now Aegithalos concinnus concinnus (Gould, 1855). See Swinhoe, 1871: 362, Eck and Martens, 2006: 4–5, 76Dickinson et al., 2006: 69, and Harrap, 2008a: 96–97.

Syntype

AMNH 682834, unsexed [immature], collected in the Tingchow mountains, Fujian Province, China, in August 1867, by collectors for Robert Swinhoe. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Swinhoe did not say how many specimens he had, describing the adult, “full-grown young,” and noting that he had “two partially moulted, showing the change from the immature into the adult.” The syntype in AMNH is one of the two immatures molting into adult plumage. There are four syntypes in BMNH (Warren and Harrison, 1971: 30) and one in RMNH (Dekker and Quaisser, 2006: 11). Swinhoe (1868: 62) further elaborated on the locality at which his collectors obtained specimens, calling it “the high ‘Black-Tea range’—about 120 miles north-east from Amoy,” 24.26N, 118.07E (Times Atlas), and noted that they returned with specimens in the third week of August. The letter in which this new form is named is dated “18 September 1867,” wherein Swinhoe noted that he intended to send collectors back into the same mountains. I think that Swinhoe was mistaken in saying that his locality was “north-east from Amoy.” Seltzer (1962: 370, 1915) noted that present-day Changting (25.24N, 116.17E, Times Atlas) had been known as Tingchow until 1913. This locality is aproximately 120 miles north-west of Amoy.

Of two additional Swinhoe specimens from the Tingchow mountains in AMNH, one is undated and the other is dated October 1867, taken after the date of Swinhoe's letter with its description of anophrys.

AMNH 682834 had not previously been recognized as a type. Swinhoe (1871: 362) himself later synonymized anophrys with A. concinnus, and the name seems to have disappeared from synonymies until listed by Dickinson et al. (2006a: 69).

Aegithaliscus iouschistos obscuratus Mayr

Aegithaliscus iouschistos obscuratus Mayr in Stanford and Mayr, 1940: 705 (Chengou Forks, 7600 ft., 30 miles west of Wenchwan, Sungpan district, northern Szechwan).

Now Aegithalos bonvaloti obscuratus (Mayr, 1940). See Eck and Martens, 2006: 5–7, Dickinson et al., 2006a: 69, and Harrap, 2008a: 98.

Holotype

AMNH 423917, adult male, collected at Chengou Forks, 30 miles west of Wenchwan, 7600 ft, 31.29N, 103.40E (Times Atlas), western Sichuan ( =  Szechwan) Province, China, on 4 December 1934, by T. Donald Carter (no. c 332), on the Sage West China Expedition.

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was given in the original description. Vaurie (1959: 469) noted that Wenchwan is in western Sichuan rather than the Sungpan district of northern Sichuan. Cheng (1987: 500) gave the current name of Wenchwan as Maowen. Mayr did not mention specimens other than the type in the original description; however, Birckhead (1937) reported on the birds collected on the Sage Expedition and noted three adult males collected at Chengou Forks, all of which would have been available to Mayr. The two paratypes are: AMNH 423916, male collected on 28 November 1934 (no. c 293), and AMNH 423918, male collected on 4 December 1934 (no. c 333).

Often considered a subspecies of A. niveogularis, obscuratus was considered a subspecies of allospecific A. bonvaloti by Harrap (2008a: 98).

Psaltriparus lloydi Sennett

Psaltriparus lloydi Sennett, 1888: 43 (Limpia Cañon, near Fort Davis, Presidio County).

Now considered a hybrid population between P. minimus plumbeus and the melanotis group of populations. See Raitt, 1967, Rea, 1986, Sloane, 2001, and Harrap, 2008a: 99.

Syntypes

AMNH 86426, adult male, and AMNH 86427, sexed as male on original label but changed to female by Sennett and published as female; both collected at Limpia Canyon, near Fort Davis, 30.35N, 103.54W (Times Atlas), Presidio County, Texas, USA, on 16 June 1887 by William Lloyd (nos. 120 and 121, respectively) for G.B. Sennett (nos. 4895 and 4896, respectively).

Comments

In the original description, Sennett listed eight specimens of lloydi, giving his collection numbers for each and designating 4895 and 4896 as syntypes. In a note on the reverse of the type label, J.T. M[arshall] called attention to the original sexing of AMNH 86427 and considered it a juvenile male. Because Sennett designated the above two specimens as syntypes, the other six specimens in his original series, his numbers 4897, 4898, 4903, 4904, 4912, and 4913, are excluded from the type series (ICZN, 1999: 77, Art. 72.4.6).

Following Raitt's (1967) study, most authors have agreed that P. melanotis and P. minimus are conspecific; but no two authors seem to agree on the validity of lloydi. Harrap (2008a: 99) considered lloydi a hybrid population between plumbeus and the melanotis groups of populations.

Holotype

AMNH 683262, [male adult], collected at Ereğli, Turkey, on 8 May 1908, by P. Ürmös. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert designated as type his only Ürmös specimen collected on 8 May 1908. It bears a Rothschild type label. Vaurie (1959: 548) noted that the type locality of persimilis was in southern Turkey; it is probably the Ereğli shown in the Times Atlas at 37.30N, 34.02E.

Hartert listed five other specimens that he considered part of his type series. There are two paratypes at AMNH: AMNH 683263, sex given as female by Hartert (but the sex symbol on the label is an ambiguous upside-down male symbol), Ereğli, 11 May 1908, P. Ürmös; and AMNH 683264, male, Lenkoran, 2 February 1882, originally from the H.H. Slater collection.

Aegithalus musculus Hartlaub

Aegithalus musculus Hartlaub, 1882: 91 (Lado).

Now Anthoscopus musculus (Hartlaub, 1882). See Fry et al., 2000: 111–112, and Madge, 2008: 72.

Lectotype

AMNH 683351, female, collected at Ladò, Sudan, on 8 March 1881, by Emin Pasha ( =  Emin Bey). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Hartlaub did not designate a type or say how many specimens he examined. Two specimens collected by Emin at Ladò came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection. AMNH 683351 is marked “Type” on the field label and bears a Rothschild type label. Hartert (1920a: 441) listed the specimen collected on 8 March 1881 as the type, thereby designating it the lectotype. The second specimen, also a female and collected on 9 March 1881 by Emin, is labeled “Cotypus”; but with the designation of the lectotype, this specimen, AMNH 683352 became a paralectotype.

Chapin (1954: 685) gave the coordinates for the Lado Enclave as 02.10N to 05.30N, 30.00E to 32.07E, and it is uncertain exactly where Emin Pasha was within this enclave.

Anthoscopus flavifrons ruthae Chapin

Anthoscopus flavifrons ruthae Chapin, 1958: 23 (Nyamiringe, a village close to Kabunga, at about 1°39′ south lat., 28°06′ east long., alt. 2090 ft, Belgian Congo).

Now Anthoscopus flavifrons ruthae Chapin, 1958. See Fry et al., 2000: 107–108, and Madge, 2008: 73–74.

Holotype

AMNH 764870, adult female, collected at Nyamiringe Village, 2090 ft, ca. 01.39S, 28.06E, Congo (Kinshasa), on 2 October 1957, by James and Ruth Chapin (no. 1531).

Comments

Chapin cited his unique field number of the holotype in the original description and noted that he had a single specimen.

Anthoscopus rocatti (sic) taruensis van Someren

Anthoscopus rocatti (sic) taruensis van Someren, 1921: 112 (Samburu).

Now Anthoscopus caroli robertsi Haagner, 1909. See Fry et al., 2000: 112–115, and Madge, 2008: 72–73.

Holotype

AMNH 683344, adult female, collected at Samburu, 03.47S, 39.17E (Times Atlas), Kenya, on 25 July 1918, by collectors for V.G.L. van Someren. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, van Someren said that the type, in the Rothschild Collection, was obtained at Samburu on 25 July 1918. The field label is marked “Type,” it bears a Rothschild type label, and was listed by Hartert (1928a: 209) as the type. It is the only van Someren specimen of taruensis that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection. The range of taruensis given by van Someren as “coast of British East Africa to Taru Desert” implies that the collecting locality of the type was at the Samburu given above and not at the game reserve at ca. 00.40N, 37.30E (R. Dowsett, personal commun.)

Anthoscopus ansorgei Hartert

Anthoscopus ansorgei Hartert, 1905b: 74 (Mangonga River, Benguella).

Now Anthoscopus caroli ansorgei 158159160161Hartert, 1905. See Fry et al., 2000: 112–115, Dean, 2000: 266, and Madge, 2008: 72–73.

Holotype

AMNH 683385, adult male, collected on the Mangonga River, 12.49S, 15.49E (Chapin, 1954: 697), Huambo Province (labeled Benguela by Ansorge), Angola, on 15 December 1904, by William J. Ansorge (no. 912). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert gave Ansorge's unique field number of the holotype in the original description and said only that Ansorge had collected a small series in Bié and Benguela, Angola, including male, female, and immature specimens. The Mangonga River locality is in what is now Huambo. Dean (2000: 381) did not list coordinates for the locality; the above coordinates from Chapin are also within Huambo. Paratypes are: labeled Benguela Province by Ansorge, AMNH 683384 (Ansorge no. 121), female, Fort Quillenges, 14 January 1905; AMNH 683386 (1), male, Losili River, 16 September 1904; AMNH 683387 (29), female, Wanbo, 18 September 1904; labeled Bié Province by Ansorge, AMNH 683388 (418), male, Bigando, 24 October 1904; AMNH 683389 (207), female, Fort Belmont (Silva Porto), 7 October 1904; AMNH 683390 (274), male, Caiala, 13 October 1904; AMNH 683391 (229), male, Caiala, 10 October 1904; AMNH 683392 (230), female, Caiala, 10 October 1904; AMNH 683393 (825), female, Caiala, 1 December 1904; AMNH 683394 (794), male, Chiyuka, 27 November 1904; and AMNH 683395 (479), male, Menjiri River (entering [?] bank of the Quanza River), 1 November 1904. Two additional Ansorge specimens are not considered paratypes: AMNH 683384 collected at Fort Quillenges, Benguela Province, on 7 January 1906, was collected after the publication of the name (5 June 1905); and AMNH 683396, collected at Kaponzo (3rd day from Duque de Brangança), on 11 September 1903, is in Malanje Province.

Anthoscopus caroli winterbottomi C.M.N. White

Anthoscopus caroli winterbottomi C.M.N. White, 1946: 101 (Mwinilunga).

Now Anthoscopus caroli winterbottomi C.M.N. White, 1946. See Snow, 1967b: 67, Fry et al., 2000: 112–115, and Madge, 2008: 72–73.

Holotype

AMNH 704561, male, collected east of Mwinilunga, 11.44S, 24.24E (Times Atlas), Zambia, on 31 October 1939, by Charles M.N. White.

Comments

In the original description, White noted that the type, then in his collection, was a male collected on 31 October, 1939 at Mwinilunga and that he had a type series of seven specimens. In 1953, White gave AMNH six of his seven specimens, including the holotype bearing his red type label on which he had written “Type of Anthoscopus caroli winterbottomi.” The five paratypes in AMNH are: Mwinilunga, AMNH 704556, unsexed, 31 October 1939; AMNH 704557, male, 15 July 1946; AMNH 704558, female, 22 December [year not noted]; AMNH 704559, female, 16 April 1944; Lusaka, AMNH 704560, female, 27 July [year not noted]. Snow (1967b: 67) considered winterbottomi a synonym of A. c. robertsi, but it was recognized as valid by Fry et al. (2000: 112–115) and Madge (2008: 72–73).

Anthoscopus sharpei Hartert

Anthoscopus sharpei Hartert, 1905b: 75 (Usambiro).

Now Anthoscopus caroli sharpei 158159160161Hartert, 1905. See Snow, 1967b: 67, Fry et al., 2000: 112–115, and Madge, 2008: 72–73.

Holotype

AMNH 683337, female, collected at Usambiro, ca. 03.05S, 32.40E (Polhill, 1988), Tanzania, on 8 September 1889, by Emin Pasha (no. 336). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

The holotype is the only specimen of this form collected by Emin now in AMNH, and its data agree with those given by Hartert for his type. Hartert (1920a: 441) confirmed its type status by giving Emin's field number. Snow (1967b: 67) considered sharpei a synonym of the monotypic species Anthoscopus sylviella; Fry et al. (2000: 112–115) and Madge (2008: 72–73) recognized it as a valid subspecies of A. caroli.

Anthoscopus rothschildi Neumann

Anthoscopus rothschildi Neumann, 1907a: 597 (Simba).

Now Anthoscopus caroli sylviella Reichenow, 1904. See Fry et al., 2000: 112–115, and Madge, 2008: 72–73.

Holotype

AMNH 683335, female, collected at Simba, 3350 ft, 02.09S, 37.36E (Polhill, 1988), Kenya, on 18 January 1906, by C.F. Camburn (no. 55). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Neumann had the single specimen. The name of the collector, indicated on the original label as “C.F.C.,” has been transcribed erroneously onto the Rothschild type label as “F.C. Coburn.” The original label is printed “Collection Maurice de Rothschild.” J.P. Chapin's collector's cards in the archives of the Department of Ornithology note that Camburn collected in Congo (Kinshasa) in 1906, but under whose auspices is not mentioned. Maurice de Rothschild's expedition to Africa was earlier, 1904–1905, but he apparently purchased specimens collected later by Camburn.

Auriparus flaviceps sinaloae Phillips

Auriparus flaviceps sinaloae Phillips, 1986: 99 (SE end of Ensenada del Pabellón, SW Culiacán, Sinaloa, ca. 24°20′N, 107°30′W).

Now Auriparus flaviceps sinaloae Phillips, 1986. See Webster, 1999: 3, and Madge, 2008: 74.

Holotype

AMNH 831489, adult male, collected at Club Pichigüila, southeastern end of Laguna Chiricahueto,  =  southeastern end of Bahía  =  Ensenada del Pabellón, ca. 24.20N, 107.30W, S-W Sinaloa, Mexico, on 18 December 1985, by Allan Phillips (no. 11458). From the collection of Allan R. Phillips.

Comments

See Dickerman and Parkes (1997) for a list of Phillips types and their current whereabouts. The holotype of sinaloae, from the estate of A.R. Phillips, was deposited in AMNH in May 1996. It bears a Phillips Collection label marked “Type” and a red Phillips type label in addition to an AMNH type label. Phillips' original number is 11458, not 11485 as given in Dickerman and Parkes (1997: 224). Phillips gave no indication of how many specimens he examined.

Conirostrum ornatum Lawrence

Conirostrum ornatum Lawrence, 1851: 112 (no locality given).

Now Auriparus flaviceps ornatus (Lawrence, 1851). See Webster, 1999: 3, and Madge, 2008: 74.

Syntype

AMNH 39401, unsexed, collected at Brownsville, 25.54N, 97.30W (Times Atlas), Texas, USA, no date, by Capt. J.P. McCown. From the G.N. Lawrence Collection.

Comments

No type was designated in the original description, Lawrence only saying that he examined two specimens; the above specimen is the only one in AMNH from the Lawrence Collection that was collected before the publication of ornatum, undoubtedly in 1850 when McCown was stationed at Brownsville (Mearns and Mearns, 1992: 301). It is illustrated in Lawrence (1851: pl. 5, fig. 1). The original label is not with this specimen; on the Lawrence label, the number 300 appears, the significance of which is unknown. The publication date of this form is often given as 1852 (e.g., Snow, 1967b: 69); although it was included in volume 5 of the Annals of the Lycaeum of Natural History of New York, dated 1852, the description of ornatum was in part 3, issued in May 1851 (Foster, 1892: 2, and LeCroy, personal observation).

Syntypes

AMNH 455866, male, and AMNH 455867, female, both collected at Renthendorf, 50.48N, 11.58E (USBGN, 1959), Germany, on 4 January 1851; and AMNH 455868, immature female, collected in the Roda River Valley ( =  Rodathal, as on label), Germany, on 1 June 1853. From the Brehm Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Brehm, in the original description, did not indicate a type or give the number of specimens he examined. Hartert (1918a: 27) listed the above pair as the “types,” noting that as all of the specimens were from Renthendorf, that was the “terra typica.” These two specimens are tied together and bear a single Rothschild type label. This does not represent the designation of a lectotype, and I consider all of the Brehm specimens labeled subpaulustris by Brehm and collected before the publication of the name in 1855 to be syntypes. The third syntype in AMNH was not listed by Hartert, but is labeled subpalustris by Brehm. It has been given an AMNH type label and included in the type collection. AMNH 455859–455868 were all cataloged as subpalustris and all except the three listed above were exchanged to ZFMK; if any or all were collected before 1855 and labeled subpalustris by Brehm, they are also syntypes.

Hartert (1918a: 27) synonymized subpalustris with P. p. communis, which Snow (1967c: 72) considered a synonym of P. p. palustris. Until recently palustris usually has been included in the broad genus Parus, and this is still preferred by some authors. Gill et al. (2005) suggested elevating five subgenera within Parus to generic status to reflect the phylogeny obtained in their study of mitochondrial cytochrome-b in the Paridae, and placed palustris in the genus Poecile. See David and Gosselin (2008: 19) for use of masculine endings with this genus.

Parus stagnatilis Brehm

Parus stagnatilis Brehm, 1855: 242 (in Galizien).

Now Poecile palustris stagnatilis Brehm, 1855. See Hartert, 1918a: 27, and Gosler and Clement, 2007: 711–712.

Lectotype

AMNH 455853 (Kleinschmidt no. 1), adult male, collected in Poland or the Ukraine ( =  Galizia), on 3 January 1853, by Count Wodzicki. From the C.L. Brehm Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Brehm noted that this form was from Galicia. Kleinschmidt (1897: 70) listed three Brehm specimens as syntypes, two from Galicia (Kleinschmidt nos. 1 and 2) and one from Dniester River (no. 3), and added his numbers on the reverse of the Brehm labels. Hartert (1918a: 27) listed the male specimen collected on 3 January 1853 as the type, thereby designating it the lectotype. The AMNH catalog number had been written incorrectly on this specimen as 455803; an AMNH type label has been added to correct this error. The other two syntypes listed by Kleinschmidt also came to AMNH. AMNH 455854 (no. 2), also from Galicia, and collected on 12 March, year not given in AMNH catalog, was exchanged to ZFMK. If it is labeled stagnatilis by Brehm and was collected early enough, it is a paralectotype. AMNH 455855 collected on the Dniester River, on 1 February 1851, the third syntype listed by Kleinschmidt, is a paralectotype.

Parus dresseri longirostris Kleinschmidt

Parus dresseri longirostris Kleinschmidt, 1897: 65 (Latour).

Now Poecile palustris palustris (Linnaeus, 1758). See Hartert, 1905d: 373, Snow, 1967c: 72, and Gosler and Clement, 2007: 711–712.

Holotype

AMNH 455879, female immature, collected at Latour, 45.32N, 02.42E (Times Atlas), Auvergne, France on 3 August 1857, by Léon Olphe-Galliard (Kleinschmidt no. 36). From the C.L. Brehm Collection, via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Kleinschmidt considered longirostris a manuscript name of Brehm's and he had two specimens from the Brehm Collection bearing this name, written by Brehm. Kleinschmidt (1897: 65) gave the numbers 36 and 37 to these specimens, incorrectly transcribing the collecting dates as 1851 instead of 1857. On p. 96 of the same publication, he listed his number 36 as the type of longirostris; and the label bearing the number 36 is marked “Typus von P. longirostris” and initialed by Kleinschmidt. It bears a Rothschild type label although Hartert did not list it in any of the Rothschild type lists.

Kleinschmidt included in his type series a second specimen from the Brehm Collection, his number 37, paratype AMNH 455880, male, Loire, 10 September 1857 (marked “Cotypus von longirostris” and initialed by Kleinschmidt), and other specimens from his own collection from the region of the Rhein, which are also paratypes.

Poecile communis hellmayri Bianchi

Poecile communis hellmayri Bianchi, 1902: 236 (Umbegung von Peking).

Now Poecile palustris hellmayri Bianchi, 1902. See Kleinschmidt, 1897: 77, Hartert, 1920a: 443, Snow, 1967c: 75, Eck and Martens, 2006: 10–12, 76Dickinson et al., 2006: 71, and Gosler and Clement, 2007: 711–712.

Holotype

AMNH 682148, immature male, collected at Beijing ( =  Peking), 39.55N, 116.25E (Times Atlas), China, in May 1885. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Bianchi's subspecies Poecile communis hellmayri was based on the single specimen that Kleinschmidt (1897: 77) referred to as Parus spec. nov. from Peking, collected in May 1885, and housed in the Rothschild Collection. Kleinschmidt did not give the sex of his specimen, but the above specimen is certainly the specimen he had in hand, as a separate label is attached bearing his comments and signed with his characteristic initials. Hartert (1905d: 375) confirmed this when he referred to Bianchi's type as a male. Bianchi described the form in the genus Poecile, as was correctly given by Snow (1967c: 75). Hartert (1905d: 375, 1920a: 443) listed the description as “Parus palustris hellmayri” and labeled the type “Parus hellmayri Bianchi.” An AMNH type label has been added giving the correct information. A second immature specimen, labeled female, and also collected in Peking in May 1885, has no type standing.

Parus lugens Brehm

Parus lugens Brehm, 1855: 243 (in Griechenland).

Now Poecile lugubris lugens (Brehm, 1855). See Hartert, 1918a: 27, Snow, 1967c: 75, and Gosler and Clement, 2007: 711.

Lectotype

AMNH 455915 (Kleinschmidt no. 42), adult male, collected in Attica, Greece, in 1844, by Anton Lindermayer. From the C.L. Brehm Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

No type was designated in the original description, nor was there mention of the number of specimens available to Brehm. Hartert (1918a: 27) listed the above specimen as the type of lugens, thereby designating it the lectotype. It is the only Brehm specimen of this form from Greece that came to AMNH. Kleinschmidt (1897: 95–96) gave this specimen the number “42” and illustrated its bill, but did not discuss it further.

Parus lugubris anatoliae Hartert

Parus lugubris anatoliae Hartert, 1905d: 368 (Ahoory, Klein-Asien, 5000 Fuss hoch).

Now Poecile lugubris anatoliae (158159160161Hartert, 1905). See Gosler and Clement, 2007: 711.

Holotype

AMNH 681944, adult male, collected at Ahoory, 5000 ft, Asia Minor, on 6 April 1874, by Henry J. Elwes (no. 6474). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Hartert cited Elwes' number of the holotype. It is the only specimen of this form that came to AMNH, but Hartert mentioned other specimens in BMNH and from Taurus, Jamaular-Dagh, and Smyrna.

Sharpe (1906: 346) noted that in 1874 Elwes traveled from Izmir ( =  Smyrna) to the Lycia district, Turkey; this specimen was doubtless collected on that trip.

Parus lugubris kirmanensis Koelz

Parus lugubris kirmanensis Koelz, 1950: 8 (Dehibakri [Deh Bakri] in the Kuh i Jamal Bariz Range, west of Bam in southeastern Kirman, Iran).

Now Poecile lugubris kirmanensis (Koelz, 1950). See Vaurie, 1950a: 2–4, and Gosler and Clement, 2007: 711.

Holotype

AMNH 803072 (FMNH 246502), adult male, collected at Dehibakri, Kuh i Jamal Bariz Range, southeastern Kerman ( =  Kirman) Province, Iran, on 28 January 1940, by Walter Koelz.

Comments

In the original description, Koelz listed his type series as 12 males and six females, including the holotype, all taken between 27 January and 13 February, 1940, at Dehibakri and vicinity. Part of Koelz's collection was eventually deposited at FMNH, apparently including types of all of the forms described by Koelz (1950), and the types were exchanged back to AMNH in April 1972 because they were said in the original description to be in AMNH. AMNH 803072 bears an AMNH type label filled in by Vaurie and my measurements are identical with the measurements given by Koelz (1950: 9) for the type of kirmanensis: wing 78 mm, tail 64, bill from skull 14. A second male, AMNH 464245, was also collected on 28 January, but measured: wing 76, tail 62, bill from skull, 14. Paratypes of kirmanensis in AMNH, all collected in Kirman, Iran in 1940, are: Maskun, 13 February AMNH 464241, adult male, and AMNH 464242, adult female; Dehibakri, 27–30 January, AMNH 464243, adult female, AMNH 464244, adult male, AMNH 464245, adult male, AMNH 464246, adult male; Gndar Ushturn, 30 January, AMNH 464247, adult male; Dehidisk, 31 January, AMNH 801053 (FMNH 234633), adult male, and AMNH 801054 (FMNH 234636), adult female. These latter two were also exchanged to AMNH from FMNH, probably in the 1960s. The additional five male and four female paratypes are probably in FMNH.

The Kuh i Jamal Bariz Range listed by Koelz is apparently the Kūh-e Jebāl Bārez, south of Bam, 29.07N, 58.20E (Times Atlas), Kerman, Iran.

Parus assimilis Brehm

Parus assimilis Brehm, 1855: 242 (Galizien).

Now Poecile montanus borealis (Sélys-Longchamps, 1843). See Snow, 1967c: 76, and Gosler and Clement, 2007: 712–713.

Lectotype

AMNH 682238 (Kleinschmidt no. 53), adult male, collected in the Carpathian Mountains ( =  Karpathen, as on label), Galicia, southwestern Poland, on 6 April 1852, by Count Wodzicki. From the Brehm Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Brehm did not designate a type or indicate how many specimens he examined. Kleinschmidt (1897: 88) listed the type of assimilis as his no. 53 in the Brehm Collection, thereby designating the above specimen the lectotype. I did not find other specimens labeled assimilis by Brehm.

Gosler and Clement (2007: 711) commented: “[Poecile] normally treated as feminine, but no evidence in original description or elsewhere justifies this, so genus is masculine by default.” See David and Gosselin (2008: 19) for explanation of derivation of Poecile.

Parus accedens Brehm

Parus accedens Brehm, 1855: 242 (Deutschland).

Now Poecile montanus salicarius (Brehm, 1831). See Hartert, 1918a: 28, Snow, 1967c: 78, and Gosler and Clement, 2007: 712–713.

Lectotype

AMNH 455901 (Kleinschmidt no. 54), immature male, collected at Renthendorf ( =  “Berg mit Nadelholz bei Renthendorf,” as on label), 50.48N, 11.58E (USBGN, 1959), Germany, on 3 July 1833. From the Brehm Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Neither a type nor the number of specimens in hand was listed in the original description. Hartert (1918a: 28) listed as the type the male collected on 3 July 1833, thereby designating it the lectotype. It is among the Brehm material of accedens listed by Kleinschmidt (1897: 83). The lectotype is one of three immature specimens collected together and tied together. The other two specimens are paralectotypes AMNH 455902 (Kleinschmidt no. 55), female, and AMNH 455903 (56), female; they remain in the type collection because they are tied to the lectotype. There are four additional paralectotypes in AMNH: AMNH 455904 (57), male adult, Renthendorf, 6 January 1853; AMNH 455905 (58), female adult, Renthendorf, 6 January 1853; AMNH 455906 (59), female adult, Greiz im Voigtlande, 10 January 1854; and AMNH 455908 (60), male adult, Holland, 4 July 1834.

[Parus salicarius was described by Brehm in 1831, but there are no Brehm specimens of that form in AMNH collected before that date.]

Parus murinus Brehm

Parus murinus Brehm, 1855: 242 ( Deutschland).

Now Poecile montanus salicarius (Brehm, 1831). See Hartert, 1918a: 28, and Gosler and Clement, 2007: 712–713.

Syntypes

AMNH 455909 (Kleinschmidt no. 72), male, collected at Renthendorf, 50.48N, 11.58E (USBGN, 1959), on 19 November 1851; AMNH 455910 (73), female, collected at Renthendorf, on 19 November 1851; AMNH 455911 (70), male, collected at Renthendorf, 15 April 1851; AMNH 455914 (75), female immature, collected in the valley of the Roda River ( =  Rodathal, as on label), on 4 June 1852. From the Brehm Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert (1918a: 28), by listing a male and a female type of murinus, failed to designate a lectotype. Kleinschmidt (1897: 79–82) listed Brehm specimens nos. 70–75 in the Brehm Collection, and added these numbers to the back of the Brehm labels. Two additional Brehm specimens were exchanged to ZFMK: AMNH 455912, female, Renthendorf, 15 April 1851, and AMNH 455913, male, Rodathal, 4 June 1852. If they are labeled murinus by Brehm and bear Kleinschmidt's numbers 71 and 74, they would also be syntypes.

[Parus montanus kleinschmidti Hellmayr]

Hellmayr's (1900: 212) Parus montanus kleinschmidti was based on two specimens in the Rothschild Collection. Hartert (1920a: 443) listed as type a female, collected at Coalfall Wood, Finchley, near London, on 22 September 1897, by W. Burton; and the Rothschild type label was tied on AMNH 450916. However, because a second specimen, AMNH 682181, bears exactly the same data, Hartert's listing did not distinguish between them and is thus not a valid designation of a lectotype. AMNH 450916 was among the United Kingdom types from the Rothschild Collection that were presented to BMNH in September 1936, now BMNH Reg. no. 1936.10.15.7. Certainly, this was the specimen that was intended as the type by Hartert, and was thought to be the type at AMNH; Warren and Harrison (1971: 285) considered it the holotype, and their wording satisfies Article 74.6 of the Code (ICZN, 1999: 83) concerning the fixation of a lectotype by inference. The second specimen, AMNH 682181, female, collected at Coalfall Wood, Finchley, near London, on 22 September 1897, by W. Burton, is the paralectotype.

Parus borealis restrictus Hellmayr

Parus borealis restrictus Hellmayr, 1900: 215 (Südjapan (Hondo)).

Now Poecile montanus restrictus (Hellmayr, 1900). See Morioka et al., 2005: 108, Eck and Martens, 2006: 13–15, 76Dickinson et al., 2006: 72, and Gosler and Clement, 2007: 712–713.

Syntypes

AMNH 682343, adult male, collected at Shimotsuke, Japan, in December 1893; and AMNH 682344, adult male, collected at Shimotsuke-no-Kuni, Tochigi Prefecture, Honshu ( =  Hondo) (Morioka et al., 2005: 108), Japan, undated, by collectors for A. Owston (no. 216). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hellmayr did not designate a type in the original description; therefore, all seven specimens listed by him are syntypes. This is the form called Parus spec. nov. by Kleinschmidt (1897: 94), and he cited a male and a female specimen in the Rothschild Collection ( =  Tring). The female specimen, now at AMNH, has no type standing, as only males and unsexed adults were listed by Hellmayr in the original description and females were not mentioned. I misled Morioka et al. (2005: 108) by originally considering the female to be part of the type series.

There is no information on the collector of AMNH 682343. What appears to be an original label bears the name “Parus palustris japonicus” along with the number 51 and the other data. It was apparently seen by Kleinschmidt, as his distinctive manner of noting measurements and his initials are added to the label, but I did not find a specimen no. 51 listed in his review (Kleinschmidt, 1897).

These syntypes were not recorded by Hartert in any of his lists of types in the Rothschild Collection and were not recognized as types until pointed out to me by Edward Dickinson in 1999.

Parus Salicarius stötzneri Kleinschmidt

Parus Salicarius stötzneri Kleinschmidt, 1921a: 20 (Jehol-Vögel, nordöstlich von P. S. affinis).

Now Poecile montanus stoetzneri (226Kleinschmidt, 1921). See Eck and Quaisser, 2004: 290, Eck and Martens, 2006: 17–18, and Gosler and Clement: 2007: 712–713.

Syntype

AMNH 682329, male, collected 30 km north of Balihandien, northeast of Ch'eng-te-shih ( =  Jehol), 40.59N, 117.52E (Times Atlas), northeast Hopeh ( =  Tschili, as on label), China, on 29 April 1916, by H. Weigold on the Stoetznersche Szetschwan Expedition. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Kleinschmidt (1921a: 20) did not designate a type and did not give an exact locality for his new form, listing it only among the Jehol specimens collected by Weigold and noting that P.S. affinis was replaced to the northeast by a form he named P.S. stötzneri. The locality given above is that on the label of AMNH 682329, marked “Cotypus von Parus Salicarius stötzneri,” apparently by Kleinschmidt. Later, Kleinschmidt and Weigold (1922: 14) enumerated their specimens, still not indicating a type. The type series comprised three males, three females, and one sex?, collected 29–30 April [1916], north of Balihandién. AMNH 682329 is annotated on the label as “♂III.”

Eck (1976: 46) pictured MTD specimen no. C. 23845 and referred to it as the type of P. s. stötzneri. According to the Code (ICZN, 1999: 82, Art. 74.5), this does not fulfill the requirements for lectotype designation before 2000, as the term “lectotype” was not used and more than one specimen was known to have been in the type series. Eck and Quaisser (2004: 290) listed a holotype in MTD; however, a type was not designated in the original description of stötzneri. Eck and Martens (2006: 18, fn. 28), in what appears to be a similar case, concluded that the specimen listed as the holotype of P. weigoldicus by Eck and Quaisser (2004: 290, see below), in fact, did not qualify as such.

Only one specimen of this form came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection. It had undoubtedly been either sold or exchanged to Rothschild and is the “paratype” in New York, referred to by Eck and Quaisser (2004: 290). This specimen had not previously been included with the AMNH types.

Parus Salicarius weigoldi Kleinschmidt