Since animal diet affects manure properties, it is expected that manures from different diets may elicit differences in crop response. The objective of the study was to assess how application of manure from cattle fed with dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) affected N and P availability, dry matter, and nutrient uptake in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] under controlled environment conditions. Treatments included manure from diets with barley grain (BARL), or barley grain replaced with triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) DDGS, flaxseed (FLAX), or both DDGS and flaxseed (DDGS/FLAX). Crops were grown for four consecutive phases (barley–camelina–barley–camelina). The DDGS/FLAX treatment had significantly higher barley dry matter weight (DMW) in phase 1 and camelina DMW in phase 2 than the other three manures (17 vs. 5–13 g kg^-1 soil in phase 1 and 10 vs. 1–7 g kg^-1 soil in phase 2). Barley N uptake in phase 1 and camelina N uptake in phase 2 were significantly higher for DDGS/FLAX than the other manures (222 vs. 82–191 mg kg^-1 soil, phase 1; 146 vs. 20–102 mg kg^-1 soil, phase 2). Our results indicate that cattle diet modifications have the capacity to tailor manure properties for optimum crop production.