Garcinia evonymoides (Planch. & Triana) P. Sweeney & Z. S. Rogers, comb. Nova

≡ Ochrocarpos evonymoides Planch. & Triana in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. ser. 4, 14: 366. 1860.

Lectotypus (designated here): Madagascar: Voyage de M. Boivin, 1847–1852, imm. fr., Boivin 2614bis (P [P00852334]!).

= Ochrocarpos multiflorus O. Hoffm., Sert. Pl. Madagasc.: 7. 1881. ≡ Garcinia disepala Vesque, Ephar mosis: tab. 159. 1889. [nom. illeg.]. Typus: Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana: Nosy Komba, II.1880, ♂ fl., Hildebrandt 3337 (lecto-: G [G00090050, stamp 724413]!; isolecto-: G [G00090049, 2 sheets, G00090050, stamp 724412]!, GOET [GOET003975]!, JE [JE00002367, JE00002368]!, K [K000380200]!, M [M0109452]!, P [P030820, P030821, P00592816]!, WU [WU032899]!) (lectotypified by Sweeney & Rogers, 2008: 532), syn. nov.

The name Ochrocarpos evonymoides (Planchon & Triana, 1860) was not discussed in the Garcinia synopsis published in Sweeney & Rogers (2008). Three syntypes (Boivin 2614bis, Richard 53 [2 sheets], 661), misfiled in the P herbarium under the unpublished name “Mammea evonymoides (Planch. & Triana) Kosterm.”, have recently been found. An examination of the original material clearly shows that Ochrocarpos evonymoides is synonymous with the more recently published Garcinia disepala (Vesque, 1889 ), which was the name used for the species in Sweeney & Rogers (2008). A new combination in Garcinia is provided here for Planchon and Triana's earlier name.

With regard to the typification of Ochrocarpos evonymoides, at least two unnumbered collections were referenced in the protologue via the citation, “Vohémar (Richard, Boivin in herb. Mus.)”. In the Clusiaceae treatment published for the Flore de Madagascar et des Comores, Perrier de la Bâthie (1951) accepted O. evonymoides as a distinct species based on three collections, which were cited as “Richard 121, 161 [presumably a typographical error for 661], Boivin (Richard comm.) 2614bis).” The sheet of Boivin 2614bis (P00852334) is the most complete of the examined syntypes and is designated here as the lectotype of O. evonymoides.

Drake del Castillo (1896) published a plate engraved as “Ochrocarpus evonymoides” and “Madagascar” without any explanatory text linking the plate to the homonym published by Planchon and Triana in 1860. Thus, the two homonyms cannot be considered homotypic, but the plant illustrated in the plate belongs taxonomically to Garcinia evonymoides as first indicated by Perrier de la Bâthie (1951).

Garcinia goudotiana (Planch. & Triana) P. Sweeney & Z. S. Rogers, comb. Nova

≡ Ochrocarpos goudotianus Planch. & Triana in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. ser. 4, 14: 365. 1860.

Lectotypus (designated here): Madagascar. Prov. Toamasina: Tamatave [Toamasina], VII.1830, imm. fr., Goudot s.n. (P [P00592815]!; isolecto-: G [G00090054]!; MPU [MPU014394] image seen).

= Garcinia melleri Baker in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 92. 1883. Typus: Madagascar. Prov. Toamasina: Between Tamatave [Toamasina] and Antananarivo, VII–VIII.1862, imm. fr., Meller s.n. (lecto-: K [K000240242]!; isolecto-: P [P030819]!) (lectotypified by Sweeney & Rogers, 2008: 533), syn. nov.

= Garcinia comorensis Drake in Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris: 1221. 1896. ≡ Ochrocarpos comorensis (Drake) R. Vig. & Humbert in Rev. Gén. Bot. 25bis: 634. 1914. Lectotypus (designated here): Madagascar. Prov. Toamasina: Lac de Nossi-Vé, 11.IV.1882, ♂ fl., Humblot 144 (P [P00701479, branch labeled A1]!; isolecto-: K [K000240247]!, P [P00592817, P00701 479, the remaining specimens]!), syn. Nov.

This species was mistakenly referred to as Garcinia melleri Baker (Baker, 1883) in Sweeney & Rogers (2008) because of the overlooked priority of Ochrocarpos goudotianus (Planchon & Triana, 1860). The new combination G. goudotiana (Planch. & Triana) P. Sweeney & Z. S. Rogers is proposed here.

In the protologue of Ochrocarpos goudotianus (Planchon & Triana, 1860: 365), three elements provide information regarding the provenance of the original material: the manuscript name “Tovomita Goudotiana, Cambess. mss. in herb.” cited in synonymy, the locality of the collection “Madagascar (Goudot in herb. Mus. Par. et Cambess., ann. 1830)”, and the following sentence in the diagnosis “Arbor excelsa, Hippocastani facie (Goudot).” These statements indicate that at least two specimens were used for the description, namely Goudot material deposited at P and MPU (Herb. Cambessèdes). Two sheets (MPU014394, P00592815), labeled with information mentioned explicitly in the protologue, are clearly identifiable as syntypes (e.g., MPU sheet annotated as “Tovomita Goudotiana Camb. ined.”, P sheet annotated as “Arbor excelsa Hippocastani facie”).

Comparing the two sheets, P00592815 has the more complete specimen and includes the most detailed locality and date (viz Tamatave, juillet 1830). The entire sheet is designated as the lectotype of O. goudotianus. A further specimen collected by Goudot in 1830 is deposited in G (G00090054). It bears the annotation: “Grand arbre, ayant le port d'un maronnier et à peu près son volume moyen. Tamatave. Juillet.” and can be considered part of the same collection and is thus regarded as an isolectotype. P00568801, a scantly labeled sheet composed of five detached leaves, was cited as the “holotype” of O. goudotianus in Sweeney & Rogers (2008). Although the label may bear the annotation of the scientific name in Triana's handwriting and the leaves on the sheet correspond taxonomically to Garcinia goudotiana, it is very unlikely that P00568801 represents type material of Ochrocarpos goudotianus as it was part of the herbarium of Petit-Thouars and bears none of the provenance information mentioned in the protologue, nor any mention of a collector.

Sweeney & Rogers (2008) cited a P sheet of Humblot 144 as the “holotype” of Garcinia comorensis Drake. At the time of the publication a barcode number was not available to cite, but the sheet has since been barcoded as P00592817. Two branches are affixed to the sheet (one with flower buds and the other is sterile). In 2009 we located a second sheet of Humblot 144 at P (P00701479) that has three branches affixed to the sheet (one branch with several open staminate flowers and buds, one branch only with flower buds, and one completely sterile branch). Here we designate the lectotype of G. comorensis as the largest and most complete branch (labeled “A1”) on P00701479. The rest of material associated with P00701479 and both specimens affixed to P00592817 are regarded as isolectotypes.