Aeschimann, D., N. Rasolofo & J.-P. Theurillat (2012). Analysis of the flora of the Alps. 4: ecology. Candollea 67: 193–219. In French, English and French abstracts.

The fourth in a series, this paper continues the statistical analysis of the data published in “Flora Alpina”, treating that which concerns the ecology: preferred substrate and indicator values of the soil (humidity and trophic level). Expressed as percentages, the results concerning the flora are envisaged globally, by vegetation belt, by administrative division, by floristic contingent, by family, by genus and by biological form. Among the 4485 taxa studied in the Alps, a xerophilous, calcicole and oligotrophic tendency is prominent. Within the endemics, this trend is clearly more pronounced and, moreover, they are mostly stenoecious for the substrate, because they are often in extreme habitats where edaphic determinism is considerable. On the other hand, the profile of the xenophytes is more balanced: mesophilous, euryoecious for the substrate and meso-eutrophic (even eurytrophic). These ecological tolerances confer an important potential for colonization on the xenophytes. The correlations between factors are also studied and it is shown, for example, that the xerophilous taxa tend to be oligotrophic, whereas hygrophilous ones tend to be eutrophic.

Foggi, B., C. Quercioli, M. Gennai, E. Nardi & M. A. Signorini (2012). Lectotypification of taxa belonging to the “Festuca circummediterranea” group. Candollea 67: 221–228. In English, English and French abstracts.

This paper reports the lectotypifications of the names Festuca ovina var. laevis Hack., Festuca ovina subsp. laevis Hack., Festuca circummediterranea Patzke, Festuca duriuscula var. campana N. Terracc. and Festuca campana (N. Terracc.) Alexeev. As the lectotype of Festuca duriuscula var. campana N. Terracc. previously designated by Alexeev is to be considered a neotype, a new lectotype is proposed.

Galán de mera, A. (2012). Typification of Taraxacum canariense Soest (Asteraceae). Candollea 67: 229–232. In Spanish, English and French abstracts.

The name Taraxacum canariense Soest (Asteraceae) is lectotypified. The lectotype corresponds to a plant specimen collected in La Gomera (Canary Islands), deposited at L.

Grande Allende, J. R. & W. Meier (2012). Taxonomical novelties in neotropical Campanulaceae I: two new species of Centropogon C. Presl from Venezuela. Candollea 67: 233–241. In Spanish, English and French abstracts.

Two new species of Centropogon C. Presl (Campanulaceae) from northeastern Venezuela, Centropogon carupanensis J. R. Grande & W. Meier and Centropogon pataensis J. R. Grande & W. Meier, are described and illustrated. Centropogon carupanensis presents most morphological similarities with Centropogon berteroanus (Spreng.) DC. (a species from the Lesser Antilles), as Centropogon pataensis with Centropogon monagensis McVaugh (from the Caripe mountains from northeastern Venezuela). These four species show great similarity with Centropogon roraimanus E. Wimm., a species from the Guayana shield that can be attributed to the same group within subsect. Colombiani McVaugh. A synopsis of subsect. Colombiani, including a key to distinguish these five taxa, with some notes on the biogeography, ecology and conservation status of the mountain ecosystems of Paria peninsula, are also given.

Sáez, L. & J. A. Rosselló (2012). Cotoneaster majoricensis L. Sáez & Rosselló (Rosaceae), a new species from Majorca (Balearic Islands, Spain). Candollea 67: 243–253. In English, English and French abstracts.

A new species from the northern mountains of Mallorca (Balearic Islands), Cotoneaster majoricensis L. Sáez & Rosselló (Rosaceae), is described and illustrated. It belongs to section Cotoneaster Medik. and is morphologically close to Cotoneaster tomentosus (Aiton) Lindl. and Cotoneaster raboutensis K. E. Flink & al., differing however by various morphological characters. Data on taxonomic relationships, ecology, and conservation status of this new apparently narrow-ranged endemic species are also provided.

Nguyen, V. T., V. L. Le, V. D. Vu & N.-H. Xia (2012). Dendrocalamus velutinus N.-H. Xia, V. T. Nguyen & V. D. Vu (Poaceae), a new species from Vietnam. Candollea 67: 255–259. In English, English and French abstracts.

A new species, Dendrocalamus velutinus N.-H. Xia, V. T. Nguyen & V. D. Vu (Poaceae) from Vietnam, is described, illustrated and discussed. It is similar to Dendrocalamus calostachyus (Kurz) Kurz in general appearance, but differs by many morphological characters.

Schneider, J. V. & G. Zizka (2012). Quiina maracaensis J. V. Schneid. & Zizka and Quiina zamorensis J. V. Schneid. & Zizka (Quiinaceae), two new species from the Neotropics. Candollea 67: 261–267. In English, English and French abstracts.

Quiina maracaensis J. V. Schneid. & Zizka and Quiina zamorensis J. V. Schneid. & Zizka (Quiinaceae) are described and illustrated and their geographical distributions are provided in the Neotropics. Quiina maracaensis J. V. Schneid. & Zizka is a species from southern Venezuela and northern Brazil, while Quiina zamorensis J. V. Schneid. & Zizka is confined to the montane rain forest of the Ecuadorian Andes. A detailed description and illustrations are provided for each taxon.

Cribb, P., L. Nusbaumer & L. Gautier (2012). Angraecum darainense P. J. Cribb & Nusb. and Aeranthes unciformis P. J. Cribb & Nusb. (Orchidaceae), two new species from northern Madagascar. Candollea 67: 269–275. In English. English and French abstracts.

Two new orchid species, Angraecum darainense P. J. Cribb & Nusb. and Aeranthes unciformis P. J. Cribb & Nusb. (Orchidaceae) from northern Madagascar are described here, illustrated and compared with other species in their respective genera. Angraecum darainense appears to be related to Angraecum melanostictum Schltr., but differs in having flowers with a longer spur and leaves more densely arranged on the longer stems, leaf blade much shorter and narrower. Aeranthes unciformis appears to be related to Aeranthes caudata Rolfe, but differs by having flowers borne two or three at a time and having a very distinctive transversely elliptic lip tapering into a long acumen at the tip and a distinctive dorsal sepal curving forwards over the column and lip. The distribution, ecology and conservation status of these two orchids species are briefly discussed.

Wahlert, G. A., P. B. Phillipson, L. Nusbaumer & L. Gautier (2012). Cyphostemma darainense Wahlert & Phillipson (Vitaceae), a new species from northeastern Madagascar. Candollea 67: 277–283. In English, English and French abstracts.

Cyphostemma darainense Wahlert & Phillipson (Vitaceae), a new species from northeastern Madagascar, is described and illustrated. Recent floristic inventories in the Loky-Manambato region of northeastern Madagascar have highlighted the area as an important area of local endemism for plants. The new species was identified after survey of the collections for this genus in the Geneva herbarium and latter confirmed during the preparation of the treatment of Vitaceae for the “Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar”. Observations about its ecology are also provided, its potential range is modeled using the statistical package “BIOMOD”, and its preliminary IUCN conservation status is given.

Stauffer, F. W. & H. Balslev (2012). Socratea karstenii F. W. Stauffer & Balslev (Arecaceae), a new species from Venezuela. Candollea 67: 285–291. In English, English and French abstracts.

Socratea karstenii F. W. Stauffer & Balslev (Arecaceae), a new species described from Venezuela, is a morphological well delimited, geographically isolated, and ecologically distinct canopy palm, distributed in the cloud forest of the Coastal Cordillera and the east Andean Cordillera in Venezuela. This paper traces its tortuous taxonomic and nomenclatural history, and discusses its relationship to other species of Socratea H. Karst.

Jeanmonod, D. & A. Schlüssel (éd.) (2012). Notes and contributions on Corsican flora, XXIV. Candollea 67: 293–321. In French, French and English abstracts.

These “notes” deal with 87 noteworthy taxa amongst which 14 are new to the island's flora. 3 of these taxa are native: Milium montianum, Rorippa palustris, Scleranthus annuus subsp. verticillatus and 8 are introduced: Centaurea jacea subsp. decipiens, Citrullus aff. colocynthis, Eleusine tristachya, Geranium sanguineum, Lampranthus brownii, Oenothera lindheimeri, Paspalum notatum, Vitis aff. labrusca and 3 were present in the past but have probably desappeared from the island: Camelina sativa subsp. microcarpa, Malcolmia maritima, Malcolmia triloba. The presence of Cuscuta suaveolens, Pelargonium graveolens, Ranunculus aquatilis, Sedum litoreum and Vicia narbonensis is once and for all confirmed. New localities are given on one hand for 32 taxa considered as “very rare” (RR) out of which 7 (Brassica rapa, Luzula sylvatica subsp. sieberi, Orchis mascula, Petroselinum crispum, Seseli djianeae, Trifolium phleoides subsp. audigieri and Veronica beccabunga) become “rare” (R). On the other hand 21 taxa considered to be “rare” (R) out of which 9 (Arum cylindraceum, Crassula vaillantii, Elymus caninus, Moenchia erecta subsp. erecta, Lathyrus annuus, Physospermum cornubiense, Scrophularia nodosa, Solanum villosum subsp. villosum and Vicia laeta) change their status from “rare” to “not common” (PF) or “localised” (LOC). Finally, the datas published for the 11 remaining taxa (considered “localised” (LOC) or “not common” (PF) taxa) constitute a considerable increase of our knowledge about their distribution. The new sites correspond often to a new sector for the presence of a given taxon. 14 of the whole lot of 88 taxa are part of the red list and 26 are xenophytic species. A distribution map is also provided for Crassula vaillantii, Platanthera algeriensis, Physospermum cornubiense and Vicia laeta.

Callmander, M. W., P. P. Lowry II, F. Forest, D. S. Devey, H. Beentje & S. Buerki (2012). Benstonea Callm. & Buerki (Pandanaceae): characterization, circumscription, and distribution of a new genus of screwpines, with a synopsis of accepted species. Candollea 67: 323–345. In English, English and French abstracts.

Pandanaceae, a palaeotropical monocot family of c. 700 species, comprises four currently recognized genera: Freycinetia Gaudich., Martellidendron (Pic. Serm.) Callm. & Chassot, Pandanus Parkinson and Sararanga Helms. Within Pandanus (c. 500 spp.), species of sect. Acrostigma Kurz [one of four sections comprising subg. Acrostigma (Kurz) B. C. Stone] possess highly distinctive morphological features (viz. sharp spiniform, linear styles with the stigmatic groove on the abaxial side of the style and a staminate flower reduced to 1 to 3 stamens) shared with two other species (likewise belonging to subg. Acrostigma but originally placed in sect. Fusiforma B. C. Stone) that separate them from all other congeners. Based on morphology, biogeography, and recent inferences from plastid DNA sequence data, we place these distinctive species in a new genus, Benstonea Callm. & Buerki, making the necessary new combinations for the 50 recognized species, accompanied by six lectotypifications, one epitytification and two neotypifications, and placing seventeen names in synonymy. A generic key is provided to facilitate distinguishing Benstonea from the four other genera of Pandanaceae. Comments are provided on the distribution, ecology and typification of each accepted species.

Ramella, L. & P. Perret (ed.) (2012). Notulae ad Floram paraquaiensem, 113–115. Candollea 67: 347–368. In Spanish, French and English abstracts.

Thirty-eighth installment of a series dedicated to the presentation of taxonomic, nomenclatural or floristic novelties in relation with the project “Flora del Paraguay” as well as complements to already published treatments. Organizational information and accounts on the advancement of the Flora are sometimes added by the editors. — Notula 113. The collections of Johann Rudolph Rengger (1795–1832) in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. III. Typification of the names based on the Renggers' herbaria, by Lorenzo Ramella & Patrick Perret. The authors present the typification of 22 names whose type material was collected by J. R. Rengger and other collectors. To do this, they present an analysis of the geographical origin of the Renggers' collections and conclude that the majority of these were collected in Bahia (Brazil) and not Paraguay. For each name, the authors discuss the origin of the specimens and indicate the collections in which they are kept. The Rengger's type material consists of 31 specimens housed in the herbaria of P (21), US (7) and ZT (3). The types of 17 names (15 holotypes and 2 lectotypes) are based on Renggers' collections and 5 on material of other collectors. Among the Renggers' collections, the types of 9 names have been collected in Brazil, the presence of these taxa in Paraguay requiring further confirmation. The origin of 8 other types have yet to be determined as well as the presence in Paraguay of the corresponding names. 4 lectotypes are designated for the following names: Fuirena haemaglottis Steud. (Cyperaceae), Panicum equinum Steud. (Gramineae), Pavonia sepium var. balansae Gürke (Malvaceae) and Nymphaea nervosa Lehm. (Nymphaeaceae). Finally, the authors confirm the presence in Paraguay of Cuphea pterosperma Koehne and Pavonia sepium var. balansae Gürke, but they exclude of the flora of Paraguay Nymphaea nervosa Lehm., Panicum cordifolium Steud. non Desv. and Panicum renggeri Steud. Notula 114. Ceiba samauma (Mart.) K. Schum. (Bombacaceae), a new record for the flora of Paraguay, by Juana De Egea, María Fátima Mereles & Gloria R. Céspedes. Ceiba samauma (Mart.) K. Schum. (Bombacaceae) is mentioned for the first time for the flora of Paraguay. Ecological observations, descriptions and images of diagnostic characters are included, as well as a key for the identification of Ceiba Mill. species existing in Paraguay. Notula 115. New combinations in the genus Euploca Nutt. (Boraginaceae) in Paraguay, by Rosa Degen Naumann & José Iranildo Miranda de Melo. The authors present 4 new combinations in the genus Euploca Nutt.: Euploca cerroleonensis (R. Degen) R. Degen, Euploca distantiflora (I. M. Johnst.) J. I. M. Melo & R. Degen, Euploca dunaensis (R. Degen) R. Degen and Euploca margaritensis (I. M. Johnst.) J. I. M. Melo & R. Degen.

Dedicamos la presente notula a la memoria de Osvaldo Morrone (1957–2011), destacado agrostólogo argentino y colaborador del proyecto Flora del Paraguay.

Callmander, M. W., P. B. Phillipson & L. Gautier (ed.) (2012). Notes on the flora of Madagascar, 26. Candollea 67: 369–372. In English, English and French abstracts.

Ongoing research on Madagascar's flora is revealing numerous taxonomic novelties and nomenclatural inconsistencies, and providing new data on species distribution. This is the fifth in a series of notes that aims to provide the botanical community working on the flora of Madagascar an opportunity to publish short communications on these topics, and in this issue comprises a single note.

— Note 26. An endemic species of Rotheca Raf. (Lamiaceae) from Madagascar, by Martin W. Callmander & Peter B. Phillipson. A new combination is proposed for the only endemic species in the genus Rotheca Raf. (Lamiaceae): Rotheca nudiflora (Moldenke) Callm. & Phillipson. A generic key to Clerodendrum s.str. and its segregate genera: Rotheca and Volkameria L. is also presented.

Wohlhauser, S. & M. W. Callmander (2012). Exacum albertigrimaldiiWohlh. & Callm. (Gentianaceae), a new species endemic to northern Madagascar. Candollea 67: 373–378. In English, English and French abstracts.

Exacum alberti-grimaldii Wohlh. & Callm. (Gentianaceae), a new species endemic to northern Madagascar, is described and illustrated. It resembles morphologically two other species: Exacum dolichantherum Klack. and Exacum nossibense Klack., also endemic to Madagascar. The three species have in common verticillated upper leaves and umbella-shape inflorescence. The new species can, however, be easily recognized by its smaller discrete petals and by the absence of wings on the sepals. It is known only from the Ampantsona river watershed in the Andrafiamena region in semi-decidous or sclerophyllous forests.