Szlachetko, D. L. & P. Baranow (2013). New species of Palmorchis Barb. Rodr. (Orchidaceae) from Colombia. Candollea 68: 105–113. In English, English and French abstract.

Five new species of Palmorchis Barb. Rodr. (Orchidaceae, Vanilloideae) from Colombia, Palmorchis carlos-parrae Szlach. & Baranow, Palmorchis fractiflexa Szlach. & Baranow, Palmorchis maculata Szlach. & Baranow, Palmorchis misas-urretae Szlach. & Baranow and Palmorchis valdiviesoana Szlach. & Baranow, are described and illustrated. Diagnostic characters of the new taxa are compared with the closely related species in Colombia and an identification key is proposed. Ecology, habitat and distribution data for these taxa are also given.

Pradeep, A. K. & C. Pramod (2013). Parasopubia hofmannii Pradeep & Pramod and Parasopubia hofmannii var. albiflora Pradeep & Pramod (Orobanchaceae), two new taxa from India. Candollea 68: 115–122. In English, English and French abstracts.

Parasopubia hofmannii Pradeep & Pramod and Parasopubia hofmannii var. albiflora Pradeep & Pramod (Orobanchaceae) are two new taxa described from South India. They are compared with the Indian species Parasopubia delphinifolia (L.) H.-P. Hofm. & Eb. Fisch. Detailed descriptions, illustrations and taxonomical note are provided. A key for the identification of the Indian species of Parasopubia H.-P. Hofm. & Eb. Fisch, is also provided.

Figueiredo, E., G. F. Smith & R. Nyffeler (2013). August Wulfhorst (1861–1936) and his overlooked contributions on the flora of Angola. Candollea 68: 123–131. In English, English and French abstracts.

August Wulfhorst (1861–1936), a German missionary attached to the Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft, collected material in Omupanda (Amboland, Uukuanyama), which is located in present-day Angola. In the past, botanical collections from this area were wrongly proposed as originating from Namibia, so obscuring the occurrence of several taxa north of the borders of this former German colony, in Angola.

Deble, L. P. & F. S. Alves (2013). Herbertia amabilis Deble & F. S. Alves (Iridaceae), a new species from Brazil. Candollea 68: 133–137. In English, English and French abstracts.

A new species, Herbertia amabilis Deble & F. S. Alves (Iridaceae), is described and illustrated from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Herbertia Sweet is a predominately South American genus, now comprising 8 species with 7 of them occurring in southern Brazil. Herbertia amabilis is closely related with Herbertia lahue subsp. amoena (Griseb.) Goldblatt, but can be distinguished principally by robust habit, narrowly linear leaves, style arms recurved at the apex, and smaller obovate-clavate ovary. With just two known populations occurring in central Rio Grande do Sul State, with an extent of occurrence comprised in less than 100 km² and the populations size being smaller than 10 km² the new species is preliminary considered as critically endangered. The geographic distribution of the new species is presented as well as the key for the Brazilian species of Herbertia.

Cabral, E. L., S. V. Sobrado & E. B. Souza (2013). Three new species of Mitracarpus Zucc. (Rubiaceae) from Brazil. Candollea 68: 139–146. In English, English and French abstracts.

Three new species of Mitracarpus Zucc. (Rubiaceae), Mitracarpus carajasensis E. L. Cabral, Sobrado & E. B. Souza, Mitracarpus federalensis E. L. Cabral, Sobrado & E. B. Souza and Mitracarpus fernandesii E. L. Cabral, Sobrado & E. B. Souza, from Brazil, are described, illustrated and compared to related taxa.

Udayan, P. S., Regy Yohannan, M. S. Devipriya, V. Devipriya & A. K. Pradeep (2013). Salacia vellaniana Udayan, Yohannan & Pradeep (Celastraceae), a new species from India. Candollea 68: 147–149. In English, English and French abstracts.

Salacia vellaniana Udayan, Yohannan & Pradeep (Celastraceae), a new species from South India, is described and illustrated. It is also compared with the related Salacia macrosperma Wight.

Rešetnik, I. & S. Bogdanović (2013). Typification of Lilium jankae A. Kern. and Lilium martagon var. cattaniae Vis. Candollea 68: 151–154. In English, English and French abstracts.

The names of Lilium jankae A. Kern. and Lilium martagon var. cattaniae Vis. (Liliaceae) are typified. Comments on the taxonomical characters useful for the differentiation of these taxa are also provided.

Gregor, T., J.-M. Tison & L. Garraud (2013). Neotypification of Potentilla cinerea Vill. (Rosaceae). Candollea 68: 155–158. In English, English and French abstracts.

A neotype is chosen for the name Potentilla cinerea Vill. (Rosaceae) for which the nomenclatural history is given. The description of the taxon is also reported.

Tien Tran, V., H. Nghia Nguyen & N.-H. Xia (2013). Annamocalamus H. N. Nguyen, N. H. Xia & V. T. Tran, a new genus of bamboo (Poaceae) from Vietnam. Candollea 68: 159–165. In English, English and French abstracts.

Annamocalamus H. N. Nguyen, N.-H. Xia & V. T. Tran (Poaceae-Bambusoideae), a new genus from Vietnam, is described and illustrated. It is based on the species Annamocalamus kontumensis H. N. Nguyen, N.-H. Xia & V. T. Tran. The new genus shares some morphological characters with Melocanna Trin. and Stapletonia Dash & al. but can be recognized by its shorter rhizome and the occurrence of pseudospikelets.

Taylor, C. M. & Z. S. Rogers (2013). Six new species of Danais Vent. (Rubiaceae, Danaideae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68: 167–180. In English, English and French abstracts.

Danais Vent. (Rubiaceae, Danaideae) comprises about forty species of woody climbing plants, with most of them found in Madagascar. Recent exploration there has documented six new endemic species that are described, illustrated, and mapped here: Danais antilahimenae C. M. Taylor, Danais disticha C. M. Taylor, Danais laciniata C. M. Taylor, Danais masoalana C. M. Taylor, Danais rakotovaoi C. M. Taylor, and Danais randrianaivoi C. M. Taylor. All six occur in humid vegetation and qualify as threatened based on preliminary IUCN conservation assessment (one “Critically Endangered”, four “Endangered”, one “Vulnerable”).

Štěpánek, J. & J. Kirschner (2013). A revision of mountain species of the genus Taraxacum F. H. Wigg. (Asteraceae) in Corsica. Candollea 68: 29–39. In English, English and French abstracts.

Mountain species of the genus Taraxacum F. H. Wigg. (Asteraceae-Cichorieae) in Corsica were revised on the basis of a detailed study of collections used by J. L. van Soest in his first studies of the genus in Corsica, and new collections deposited at the herbarium G. Four species are recognized, all considered as endemics to Corsica. Taraxacum pomposum Štěpánek & Kirschner (sect. Fontana Soest) is described as a new species. Taraxacum renosense Soest (sect. Fontana), Taraxacum litardieri Soest (sect. Alpina Hagl.) and Taraxacum cucullatiforme Soest (sect. Alpestria (Soest) Soest) are the other taxa treated. Two names are sunk in synonymy: Taraxacum gamisansii Soest is a synonym of Taraxacum renosense, and Taraxacum corsicum Soest is synonymised with the name Taraxacum cucullatiforme. Newly compiled descriptions are given for all taxa and an identification key is provided.

Cribb, P., L. Gautier & L. Nusbaumer (2013). How many species are there in the holomycotrophic genus Didymoplexis Griff. (Orchidaceae) in Madagascar? Candollea 68: 41–49. In English, English and French abstract.

The holomycotrophic genus Didymoplexis Griff. (Orchidaceae) is revisited for Madagascar. Two species, Didymoplexis avaratraensis P. J. Cribb, Nusb. & L. Gaut. and Didymoplexis recurvata P. J. Cribb, Nusb. & L. Gaut. are newly described based on recently collected flowering specimens. The relationship between these two species, the recently observed Didymoplexis verrucosa J. Stewart & Hennessy and the cryptic Didymoplexis madagascariensis (H. Perrier) Summerh., only known from two fruiting specimens, is discussed. A key to species in the genus in Madagascar and Africa based on flowering material is provided.

Aeschimann, D., N. Rasolofo & J.-P. Theurillat (2013). Analysis of the flora of the Alps. 5: habitats and phytosociology. Candollea 68: 5–27. In French, English and French abstracts.

Last in a series, this paper concludes the statistical analysis of the data published in «Flora alpina», treating that which concerns habitats and phytosociology. Expressed as percentages, the results concerning the flora are envisaged globally, by vegetation belt, by administrative division, by floristic contingent, by family, by genus and by biological form. More than 81% of endemics are found in rocky habitats, a proportion that increases with altitude, from 39% to 97% between the colline and the nival belts. Very stenoecious, 27% of the endemic taxa are exclusive of one of the major habitats, while this percentage drops to 16% among non-endemic indigenous taxa. Xenophytes are very nitrophilous: 95% of them are present in these, often anthropogenic, habitats and more than 38% are exclusive of them. Phytosociology confirms the stenoecity of endemics, as well as most of the other trends that are strongly correlated but not parallel. Cartographic patterns of four sub-alliances endemic to the Alps are provided: Physoplexido-Potentillenion, Saxifragenion lingulatae, Saxifragenion pedemontanae and Caricenion austroalpinae. The presence of many endemic taxa in these syntaxa, some narrowly stenoecious, justifies their phytosociological individualization.

Callmander, M. W. & S. Buerki (2013). Notes on New Caledonian Pandanaceae: identity and typifications of Pandanus decumbens (Brongn.) Solms and Pandanus reticulatus Vieill., with the new species Pandanus letocartiorum Callm. & Buerki. Candollea 68: 51–60. In English, English and French abstracts.

The identity of three endemic New Caledonian species of Pandanaceae is resolved: Pandanus decumbens (Brongn.) Solms, Pandanus neocaledonicus Martelli and Pandanus reticulatus Viell. After careful examination of the relevant collections and the rediscovery of the fragmentary type of Pandanus neocaledonicus, the latter is now considered to be a synonym of Pandanus decumbens. A new species is described, Pandanus letocartiorum Callm. & Buerki, which is characterized by its habit, drupes and stigmas. The two accepted species and the new species are described in detail and their taxonomic affinities are discussed. A lectotype is designated for Pandanus neocaledonicus, and a neotype is chosen for Pandanus reticulatus. A preliminary IUCN risk of extinction assessment for each species is also provided along with colour pictures and line drawings.

Callmander, M. W., P. B. Phillipson, T. Deroin & L. Gautier (ed.) (2013). Notes on the flora of Madagascar, 27–29. Candollea 68: 61–71. In English, English and French abstracts.

Ongoing research on Madagascar's flora is revealing numerous taxonomic novelties and nomenclatural inconsistencies, and providing new data on species distribution. This is the sixth set of notes in a series that aims to provide the botanical community working on the flora of Madagascar an opportunity to publish short communications on these topics. This issue comprises three notes.

— Note 27. An earlier name for Lindernia andringitrae Eb. Fischer (Linderniaceae), by Mats Thulin. Lindernia andringitrae Eb. Fischer was published in 1995 as a new name for Craterostigma cerastioides Bonati (non Lindernia cerastioides T. Yamaz.). However, the synonym Craterostigma perrieri Bonati provides an earlier epithet and the new combination: Lindernia perrieri (Bonati) Thulin is therefore proposed. An update of the distribution of this narrow endemic of the Andringitra Massif is also provided.

— Note 28. An earlier name for Nesaea pubescens Koehne (Lythraceae), by Paul E. Berry & Hans-Joachim Esser. While attempting to account for all Euphorbia L. names published from Madagascar, the authors re-examined type material of Euphorbia hildebrandtii Baill. and determined that it was conspecific with Nesaea pubescens Koehne, in Lythraceae. Since Baillon's name has priority, it requires a new combination under Nesaea Kunth, namely Nesaea hildebrandtii (Baill.) P. E. Berry.

— Note 29. A clarification of B.C. Seeman's Malagasy species of Colea Meisn. (Bignoniaceae), by Peter B. Phillipson & Martin W. Callmander. Berthold Carl Seeman described two species of Colea Meisn. from Madagascar based on multiple collections including a mixed gathering made by Louis-Hyacinthe Boivin comprising species belonging to different families. In this note, the authors resolve the typification and the identity of the corresponding type material of Colea purpurescens Seem. and Colea hispidissima Seem. Flowers of Colea hispidissima Seem. pertain to the genus Vitex L. (Lamiaceae) and the authors therefore formally designate this as the lectotype, and they also chose an epitype for this species and establish the necessary new combination Vitex hispidissima (Seem.) Callm. & Phillipson.

Ramella, L. & P. Perret (ed.) (2013). Notulae ad Floram paraquaiensem, 116–117. Candollea 68: 73–85. In Spanish, French and English abstracts.

Thirty-nineth installment of a series dedicated to the presentation of taxonomic, nomenclatural or floristic novelties in relation with the project “Flora del Paraguay” as well as complements to already published treatments. Organizational information and accounts on the advancement of the Flora are sometimes added by the editors. — Notula 116. Typifications and synonymy in the genus Crumenaria Mart. (Rhamnaceae) of the Flora of Paraguay, by Roberto D. Tortosa, Lorenzo Ramella & Patrick Perret. The authors present the typification of six names in the genus Crumenaria Mart. based on types collected in Paraguay; they lectotypify Crumenaria polygaloides subsp. paraguariensis Hassl. and Crumenaria polygaloides f. glabrata Chodat. They present the synonymy of Crumenaria lilloi Suess. including Crumenaria polygaloides subsp. paraguariensis Hassl. as a new synonym and of Crumenaria erecta Reissek with the specification of its correct date and place of publication. Notula 117. New records for the flora of Paraguay in the genus Mimosa (Mimosoideae, Leguminosae), by Matías Morales & Renée H. Fortunato. Mimosa dalyi Barneby, Mimosa dolens var. rigescens (Benth.) Barneby, Mimosa sensitiva L. var. sensitiva and Mimosa serra Burkart are mentioned for the first time for the flora of Paraguay. A short description of each taxon is provided with an illustration and comments about its morphologic variability, habitat and geographic distribution.

Wahlert, G. A., L. Nusbaumer & L. Gautier (2013). Rinorea ranirisonii Nusb. & Wahlert (Violaceae): a new species from the Daraina region of northern Madagascar. Candollea 68: 87–92. In English, English and French abstracts.

Rinorea ranirisonii Nusb. & Wahlert (Violaceae), a new species from the Daraina region of northern Madagascar, is described and illustrated. This species, with opposite leaves and endemic to Madagascar, is immediately distinguished from all other species belonging to Rinorea subsect. Verticillatae Engl. by its young branches, upper and lower leaf surfaces, inflorescence axis, pedicels, sepals, and ovary covered in golden-reddish hispid indumentum. Distribution and ecology of the new species are discussed and a preliminary IUCN conservation assessment is given.

Kollmann, L. J. C. & A. L. Peixoto (2013). Begonia pachypoda L. Kollmann & Peixoto (Begoniaceae), a new species from Brazil currently known in cultivation as Begonia leathermaniae O'Reilly & Kareg. Candollea 68: 93–97. In English, English and French abstracts.

Begonia pachypoda L. Kollmann & Peixoto (Begoniaceae), a new species known only from Alegre in the Atlantic Forest of the state of Espírito Santo in Brazil, is described. We established that it is currently cultivated and misidentified under the name Begonia leathermaniae O'Reilly & Kareg. Description, illustration and comments about geographic distribution of this new species are provided. It is morphologically related to Begonia aconitifolia A. DC. and Begonia platanifolia Schott. The name Begonia leathermaniae must be used only for another species from Bolivia.

Bandyopadhyay, S. (2013). Second-step lectotypification of Bauhinia khasiana Baker (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae). Candollea 68: 99–103. In English, English and French abstracts.

A specimen at K is designated here as the second-step lectotype of the name Bauhinia khasiana Baker (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae).