A small population of Xylosma buxifolia A. Gray (Flacourtiaceae) was recently discovered in pine rockland habitat of Long Pine Key, Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. This is the first known report of this species in the United States. Based on the proximity to naturally occurring populations in the northern Bahamas, the similarity of habitat where plants were found to Bahamian pinelands and the relatively unaltered state of the pine rocklands where plants were found, it is believed that this species is a naturally occurring component of the flora of Florida.