Twenty species of Desmodium and three species of Hylodesmum occur in Alabama. Of these, all are native except D. tortuosum, which is introduced from tropical America. The most common species are D. paniculatum and H. nudiflorum. The least common species are D. floridanum and D. fernaldii. Desmodium ochroleucum, which has a global rank of G2G3 and a state rank of S2, was known from seven extant populations from five counties in 2003. Results from this study identified four additional populations from Butler, Monroe, Montgomery, and Wilcox Counties, all of which are county records. Dichotomous keys and descriptions were generated based on morphological features of the vegetative and reproductive structures of the more than 1,000 specimens studied during this project. Data for the county-level distribution maps were compiled entirely from herbaria vouchers.