Cheilolejeuneinae is an early diverging lineage of Lejeuneaceae tribe Lejeuneeae with a pantropical distribution. The current phylogeny and classification of this subtribe is based on morphological and limited-sampling molecular studies. Here we present a molecular phylogeny of Cheilolejeuneinae and related lineages based on maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses, as well as Bayesian inference of two chloroplast regions (trnL-F, trnG) and the nuclear ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region, to test the monophyly of this subtribe, and to re-evaluate the infrageneric classification of Cheilolejeunea. The results confirm the monophyly of Cheilolejeuneinae, which consists of one single genus, Cheilolejeunea. Aureolejeunea and Omphalanthus are nested in Cheilolejeunea and, consequently, all species (11) and varieties (2) accepted in these two genera are transferred to Cheilolejeunea. Based on morphological and molecular evidence a new infrageneric classification of Cheilolejeunea into nine sections is proposed: sect. Anomalolejeunea, sect. Cheilolejeunea, sect. Cyrtolejeunea, sect. Euosmolejeunea, sect. Leucolejeunea, sect. Paroicae, sect. Omphalanthus, sect. Strepsilejeunea and sect. Xenolejeunea. Cheilolejeunea decurviloba is resolved in a sister relationship to Pycnolejeunea densistipula and C. gaoi constitues a separate lineage remote from Cheilolejeuneinae.

Lejeunea palaeomexicana was described in 1984 based on an inclusion of a sterile leafy liverwort in a piece of Miocene Mexican amber. A reinvestigation of the type specimen provided evidence for a basal group of ocelli in the leaf lobes. Ocelli are unknown among extant representatives of Lejeunea but occur in several other genera of Lejeuneaceae. Based on the brown colour of the cell walls, the asymmetrical leaf lobes, the two cells wide ventral merophyte and the position of the ocelli, we propose a transfer of Lejeunea palaeomexicana to Ceratolejeunea.

The moss Macromitrium larrainii sp. nov. from Mt Panié, the highest summit of New Caledonia, is described and illustrated. This species is characterised by 1) the hairy appearance of branches due to the long aristate leaves arranged irregularly, not spirally, 2) the narrow leaf lamina asymmetrical above, 3) leaf cells consistently smooth, and 4) upper leaf cells irregular in shape and basal ones linear with a straight lumen. Comparison with similar Macromitrium species in neighbouring countries confirms that it is a new species, likely endemic.

Sixteen species of liverworts, two of which are represented by non-type varieties only, are reported for the first time from subantarctic Macquarie Island. These are Acrobolbus cinerascens (Lehm.) Schiffn., A. ochrophyllus (Hook.f. et Taylor) R.M.Schust., Andrewsianthus marionensis (S.W.Arnell) Grolle, Cephaloziella varians (Gottsche) Steph., Cryptolophocolea mitteniana (Colenso) L.Söderstr. var. obtusa (J.J.Engel) L.Söderstr., Herbertus oldfieldianus (Steph.) Rodway, Herzogobryum atrocapillum (Hook.f. et Taylor) Grolle, Isotachis montana Colenso, Lepidozia obtusiloba Steph., Lophocolea novaezeelandiae (Lehm.) Nees var. grandistipula (Schiffn.) Váňa, comb. nov., L. semiteres (Lehm.) Mitt., Metzgeria flavovirens Colenso, Radula aneurismalis (Hook.f. et Taylor) Gottsche, Lindenb. et Nees, Schistochila altissima E.A.Hodgs., Syzygiella teres (Carrington et Pearson) Váňa and Temnoma quadripartitum (Hook.) Mitt. Considering these records, the liverwort flora of Macquarie Island now totals 62 species and, after South Georgia, it is the second richest flora of hepatics in the Subantarctic. One additional new combination, Lophocolea novaezeelandiae var. meridionalis (Steph.) Váňa, comb. nov., is proposed.

Based on type studies in neotropical Plagiochila, 66 new synonyms and 17 new lectotypes are proposed. The correct spelling of the name Plagiochila adiantoides is “Plagiochila adianthoides”.

This article presents the characteristics of liverworts of snowbeds of the entire Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians) area based upon studies conducted during 2002–2014. The studies concerned four groups of snowbeds (located on covering and rock slopes) distinguished by geomorphologic criteria. The list of liverworts is composed of 38 species of various degrees of linkage to the studied habitats. The species exclusive to the Tatra Mts snowbeds (i.e., not growing in other habitats) include Marsupella condensata, M. apiculata, and Nardia breidleri. The most frequent and most abundant include Anthelia juratzkana, Fuscocephaloziopsis (= Pleurocladula) albescens, and Pseudolophozia (= Lophozia) sudetica. Based upon all available data published from 1814–2014 as well as personal studies (more than 18000 records), the degree of endangerment of snowbed liverworts in the Tatra Mts was determined according to IUCN criteria. New localities are presented for snowbed liverworts thus far considered very rare and previously reported in the Tatra Mts in few localities only (e.g., Marsupella condensata, M. boeckii, Nardia breidleri, and Moerckia blyttii), which significantly changes the view of their rarity in the Tatra Mts.

Chonecolea doellingeri (Nees) Grolle, whose South American record is restricted to Argentina and Brazil, is reported for the first time for Paraguay. Additionally, its differences to related species are discussed and SEM microphotographs are provided.

A list of 10 moss species collected in several Departments of Uruguay is presented. Campylopus pilifer, Chryso-hypnum elegantulum, Sphagnum aciphyllum, S. perichaetiale and S. recurvum are new records for the moss flora of Uruguay. Hypopterygium tamariscina and Philonotis curvata collected in Rocha, as well as Bryum densifolium and Sphagnum uruguayense found in Canelones are new records for the moss flora of these Departments; the last one mentioned species is reported for the second time for Uruguay. For each species ecology and distribution data are given. For some new records or uncommon taxa, photographs, morphological diagnostic characteristics, and comments on the nomenclature and taxonomy are also added.