Biases in the ethnohistoric literature of the Maohi have resulted in a misconception that cultivation practices were not well developed in the Society Islands. Though observations of cultivation practices are indeed few and far between in these sources, taken together they clearly indicate the importance of cultivated plants to many aspects of Maohi life. This paper documents 47 taxa, and many more varieties, that the Maohi relied on for food and technology. Cultivation techniques ranged from minimum tillage, to major modifications of the landscape. Few of these crops, and their associated cropping techniques, are used by the Maohi today.