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1 October 2004 Effects of Selected Fungicides on Growth and Development of Larval Honey Bees, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Eric C. Mussen, Julio E. Lopez, Christine Y. S. Peng
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Abstract

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of incorporating selected almond fungicides into the diet of larval honey bees, Apis mellifera Linnaeus. One-day-old larvae, from mixed Italian stocks, were grafted to basic larval diet or basic diet containing various fungicides. Experimental concentrations were calculated from field dose application rates of formulated product per hectare. Larvae were transferred to fresh diet daily and incubated in the dark at 35°C and 95% RH. After defecation, prepupae were moved into a dark incubator at 35°C and 75% RH. Mortalities of larvae, prepupae, and pupae were recorded daily. No larvae fed Captan, Rovral, or Ziram completed development to adults. In the case of Rovral, a novel amorphogenic effect was observed. There were no significant differences in total mortality between the controls and larvae fed Abound, Elevate, Flint, Rally, and Vangard.

Eric C. Mussen, Julio E. Lopez, and Christine Y. S. Peng "Effects of Selected Fungicides on Growth and Development of Larval Honey Bees, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)," Environmental Entomology 33(5), 1151-1154, (1 October 2004). https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-33.5.1151
Received: 16 December 2003; Accepted: 1 May 2004; Published: 1 October 2004
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KEYWORDS
amorphogenic effects
Apis mellifera
fungicides
honey bee
toxic effects
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