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1 July 2004 ADAPTIVE SIZE MODIFICATION BY DOMINANT FEMALE MEERKATS
Andrew F. Russell, Anne A. Carlson, Grant M. McIlrath, Neil R. Jordan, Tim Clutton-Brock
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Abstract

In species of cooperative insects that live in large groups, selection for increased fecundity has led to the evolution of an increased body size among female reproductives, but whether this is also true of cooperative vertebrates is unknown. Among vertebrates, morphological modification of female breeders has only been documented in a single species; in naked mole rats (Heterocephalus glaber), acquisition of alpha status is associated with a significant increase in body size through an elongation of the lumbar vertebrae. Here we provide evidence of morphological modification among breeding females of a cooperative carnivore, the meerkat (Suricata suricatta), and demonstrate that this modification is likely to be adaptive. The same female meerkats were significantly larger when they were dominant than when they were subordinate. This increased body size was not explained by differences in age, foraging efficiency, or investment in offspring care, but may have arisen, in part, through increased levels of hormone that govern bone growth. Increases in body size are likely to result in fitness benefits, for large females delivered larger litters and had heavier offspring, both of which are known to correlate positively with measures of breeding success in meerkats. Our results suggest that the acquisition of alpha status in female meerkats is associated with an adaptive increase in body size and hence that morphological modification of female vertebrates may be more widespread than has been previously supposed.

Andrew F. Russell, Anne A. Carlson, Grant M. McIlrath, Neil R. Jordan, and Tim Clutton-Brock "ADAPTIVE SIZE MODIFICATION BY DOMINANT FEMALE MEERKATS," Evolution 58(7), 1600-1607, (1 July 2004). https://doi.org/10.1554/03-480
Received: 15 August 2003; Accepted: 18 March 2004; Published: 1 July 2004
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KEYWORDS
eusocial
fecundity
morphological modification
naked mole-rat
progesterone
vertebrate
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