Field surveys conducted in the montane forests of the East and West Usambara Mountains between 1991 and 1993 provide data on the species of shrews (Family Soricidae, Subfamily Crocidurinae) and elephant shrews (Family Macroscelididae). In total, 11 species of crocidurine shrew and one elephant shrew were documented on the Usambara Mountains, which include 10 shrew and one elephant shrew species for the East Usambara, and six species of shrew and one elephant shrew in the West Usambara. Information is presented on the captured animals regarding their natural history, distribution, ecology, and reproduction, as well as external and cranio-dental measurements. Species richness and different levels of endemism between the insectivorous small mammal faunas of tropical Africa and Madagascar are compared.