Two new species of the genus Longipenis Wu (Lepidoptera: Lecithoceridae), L. paradeltidius M. Wang and Xiong, sp. nov. and L. dentivalvus H. Wang and M. Wang, sp. nov. are described from South China. Longipenis paradeltidius is very similar to L. deltidius Wu in external morphology, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by M3 free from CuA1 in the hindwing and cornutus as long as 2/3 length of aedeagus. Longipenis dentivalvus differs from the 2 preceding species by uncus not apically forked. Adults, male genitalia, and wing venation are illustrated. A key and a distribution map of the species are given. The type specimens are deposited in the Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
The subfamily Torodorinae in the order Lepidoptera includes more than 270 species belonging to 37 genera, and more than 90% of the species are distributed in the Oriental Region and a few occur in the Australian and Palaearctic Regions, except for 1 species from the Neotropical Region (Park & Lee 1999; Park et al. 2006; Park 2008; Park & Byun 2008; Park & Kim 2009). The genus Longipenis, established by Wu in 1994 on the basis of the type species L. deltidius Wu, is a monotypic genus of Torodorinae distributed only in China so far. It is generally characterized by the following features: forewing venation with R3, R4 and R5 stalked, R5 extending to the apex, M2 very close to M3, CuA1 and CuA2 stalked at basal 1/3; hindwing 1/4–1/3 wider than forewing, Rs and M1 stalked at 2/5, M3 and CuA1 with short stalk or free; abdominal tergites with spinose zones. This genus is very similar to the genus Torodora Meyrick, but differs from the latter by discal cell with remains of closing vein, the male genitalia with long triangle-shaped vinculum, and a relatively long aedeagus.
During surveys of the Lepidopterous fauna of South China, we found 2 new species which are described in this paper, and presented along with a distribution map of the genus (Fig. 1).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Descriptions are based on the dried specimens from the Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. Photographs of adults were taken with a Nikon Coolpix 4500 digital camera. Genitalia were dissected in water after the abdomen was removed and dipped in boiled 10% KOH solution for 3–4 min. Wings of the paratypes were prepared for venation images by cleaning with 95% absolute ethyl alcohol and then stained with acetocarmine solution. Genitalia and wing venation were subsequently mounted on microscope slides with glycerin for photographing and then preserved in a micro-tube attached to the specimens. The images of genitalia and wing venation were taken through a Carl Zeiss Stemi 2000-CS stereoscope with the Nikon Coolpix 4500 camera body attached to the stereoscope phototube and compared with illustrations of L. deltidius by Wu (1994). Post processing of all the photos was done with Adobe Photoshop 6.0.
Fig. 1.
Distribution of Longipens species. L. deltidius Wu (
); L. paradeltidius M. Wang and Xiong, sp. nov. (
); L. dentivalvus H. Wang and M. Wang sp. nov. (
).
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LONGIPENIS BASED ON MALE GENITALIA
1 Uncus not apically forked L. dentivalvus H. Wang and M. Wang, sp. nov.
- Uncus apically forked 2
2 Cornutus longer than aedeagus L. deltidius Wu
- Cornutus 2/3 length of aedeagus L. paradeltidius M. Wang and Xiong, sp. nov.
Longipenis paradeltidius M. Wang and Xiong,
new species,
(Figs. 2, 4, 6 and 7)
Diagnosis. The new species, in external morphology, is hardly distinguishable from L. deltidius Wu which was described from Fujian Province, China, except for its slightly smaller size. However, distinguishing characters are found in the male genitalia and the hindwing venation. In males of the new species, the aedeagus is thick and short with the cornutus length 2/3 that of the aedeagus, whereas in L. deltidius, the aedeagus is slender and the cornutus length exceeds that of the adeagus; in the hindwing venation of the new species, M3 free with CuA1, but M3 and CuA1 short stalked in L. deltidius.
Description. Adult. Wingspan 23 mm. Head brown, occiput with dark yellow scales; antenna almost as long as forewing, basal half black, apical half whitish yellow, with white fringe scales; labial palpus long, second segment yellowish brown, third segment brown; compound eye surrounded by yellowish brown scales. Thorax and tegula dark brown. Forewing dark brown and purplish, with a yellow costal margin patch at 3/4 costa, radius base with yellow transverse fasciae, yellow crescent longitudinal fasciae at middle; fringe scales brown, inner margin slightly concave; R1 and R2 arising before discal cell, R3, R4 and R5 stalked, R5 to termen, M1 almost parallel to M2, CuA1 and CuA2 stalked about 1/3, 1A+2A stalked near base. Hindwing wider than forewing, brownish black, apical angle acute, outer margin oblique, fringe scales brown, area between costal margin and forewing grayish brown; Rs and M1 stalked at 2/5, M3 free from CuA1. Abdomen yellow, with spinose zones. Legs yellowish brown.
Male Genitalia. Uncus broad basally, apically forked. Gnathos broad ellipse-shaped basally, with a rectangular hook at apex. Valva triangular with dorsally recurved apex and concaved dorsal margin. Juxta with a pair of long caudal processes. Vinculum broad triangle-shaped medially, apex with minute setae. Aedeagus curved basally, longer than valva. Cornutus slender, as long as 2/3 length of aedeagus.
Female. Unknown
Holotype: Male, Cenwanglaoshan Mt., Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, 30V-2002, leg. Wang Min. Paratype: 1 male, same data as holotype, which was used for the venation preparation.
Distribution. China (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region).
Etymology. The specific name is derived from Latin, “para” meaning next to or near, referring to similarity between this species and L. deltidius Wu.
Figs. 2
and 3. Adults of Longipenis species. (2) L. paradeltidius M. Wang and Xiong, sp. nov., male holotype. upperside; (3) L. dentivalvus H. Wang and M. Wang, sp. nov., male holotype, upperside.
Longipenis dentivalvus H. Wang and M. Wang,
new species,
(Figs. 3, 5, 8 and 9)
Diagnosis. This new species is very similar to L. deltidius Wu and the preceding species, but can be distinguished by the uncus not apically forked, shorter cornutus and valva with a dentiform projection on dorsal margin.
Description. Adult. Wingspan 29–30 mm. Head brown, with dark yellow scales dorsally; antenna almost as long as forewing, basal half black, apical half festucine; labial palpus long, upcurved, first segment very short, covered with yellow scales, second segment with rough, yellow scales, third segment brown, being more slender than second segment; compound eye surrounded by yellowish brown scales. Thorax and tegula dark brown. Forewing dark brown, with purplish, a yellow spot at 3/4 of costal margin, radius base with a yellow transverse fascia, a yellow crescent longitudinal fascia in middle; fringe scales yellow, inner margin slightly concave; R1 and R2 arising before discal cell, R3, R4 and R5 stalked, R5 to the apex, M1 almost parallel to M2, CuA1, and CuA2 stalked about 1/3, 1A+2A stalked at base. Hindwing wider than forewing, brownish black, apical angle acute, outer margin oblique, fringe scales yellow, area between costal margin and forewing yellow. Rs and M1 stalked at 2/5, M2 approaching short stalk of M3+CuA1. Abdomen with spinose zones, anterior half part dark brown, posterior half part yellow. Legs yellow.
Male Genitalia. Uncus long and thick, truncate, slightly concaved. Gnathos long, apex slightly bent, obtuse angle, large and stout at basal part, emarginated on caudal margin. Valva trianglar, apex acute, with a process on outer margin. Sacculus broad. Juxta with a ligulate process medially and a pair of narrow, long lateral processes. Aedeagus slender, narrower than valva, apically with a long cornutus. Coruntus as long as width of valva base.
Female. Unknown
Holotype: Male, Nanling Mt., Guangdong Province, China, 3-VI-2006, leg. Liusheng Chen. Paratype: 1 male, data same as holotype, which is used for the venation preparation.
Distribution. China (Guangdong Province).
Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin “dent” and “valva”, referring to the costa of valva with a median dentiform projection.
DISCUSSION
There is some variation in the hindwing venation of the genus Longipenis. In the type species L. deltidius, M3 and CuA1 shortly stalked and Rs stalked with M1 at 2/5. However, examination of the 2 new species reveals that M3 and CuA1 are free in L. paradeltidius and Rs stalked with M1 near 1/3 in L. dentivalvus. The variation of venation is also found in other genera of Torodorinae (Park 2003; Park 2007; Park 2008). Therefore, the 2 new species are doubtlessly placed in this genus due to the similarity of the male genitalia and other external characteristics. In addition, the genus is probably belonging to diurnal moths group, for both of the 2 new species were collected when they were flying during the daytime.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We sincerely appreciate Prof. Chunsheng Wu, Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China, and Dr. Kyu-Tek Park, The Korean Academy of Science and Technology, Korea, for help in providing useful references. We thank Dr. Liusheng Chen, Shihezi University, for collecting the materials.
