Taxonomy

Eporini Fennah, 1982

Eporina Fennah, 1982

Paraepora Chang & Chen, gen. nov.

Type Species

Paraepora bifurca Chang & Chen, sp. nov., here designated.

Description

Medium-sized tropiduchids. Body length (from apex of vertex to tip of forewings): male 6.8–7.6 mm, female 7.3–8.4 mm.

Coloration. General color light green or yellow green (Figs. 1, 4, 7). Forewings translucent. Compound eyes brown, ocelli yellow green (Figs. 2, 5, 8). Tips of spines on hind tibiae and tarsi black.

Head and Thorax. Head with eyes narrower than pronotum, produced in front of eyes and apically rounded. Vertex (Figs. 16, 26, 36) more 2.0 times broader than long in middle line; anterior margin archly convex, lateral margins ridged and subparallel, posterior margin concave; disc depressed, with two subtle median carinae, not reaching anterior margin. Frons (Figs. 18, 28, 38) longer than broad, widest at apical fourth, with a distinct median carina, disc depressed between median carina and lateral margins, lateral margins slightly ridged, frontoclypeal suture distinctly arched. Clypeus with median carina, without lateral carinae. Rostrum long, reaching between hind coxae. Compound eyes oval, ocelli small. Antenna with scape short, ring-like; pedicel subglobose. Pronotum (Figs. 16, 26, 36) tricarinate, longer than vertex in middle line; anterior margin distinctly arched, posterior margin obtusely excavated, lateral carinae converging anteriorly; median carina distinctly ridged, not reaching anterior margin, with a short subcarinae between eyes and tegulae on each side. Mesonotum (Figs. 16, 26, 36) tricarinate, median carina straight, reaching to the mesoscutellum, lateral carinae curving anteriorly towards median carina. Forewings (Figs. 19, 29, 39) subhyaline, less than 2.5 times as long as the maximum width, widest at level of nodal line, anterior margin slightly arched, posterior margin straight, rounded apically; corium smooth, without granulation, costal cell broader, with sparse oblique transverse veinlets, Sc+R veins forked basad of middle of forewing, and Cu veins bifurcated in basal quarter, M veins simply reaching to nodal line, claval veins uniting in middle of clavus, nodal line and subapical line distinct, forming 7–9 subapical cells and 11–15 apical cells. Hind wing (Figs. 20, 30, 40) hyaline, simple. Hind tibia with 3 lateral spines, spinal formula of hind leg 7-7-2.

Male Genitalia. Pygofer (Figs. 21, 31, 41) bilaterally symmetrical, irregularly subquadrate in side profile, dorsal margin broad, ventral margin narrow, dorsal margin inclining to the ventrad. Anal tube (Figs. 21–22, 31–32, 41–42) symmetrical, relatively long, surpassing or not apex of aedeagus; anal styles relatively elongate, surpassing or not apex of anal tube in dorsal view. Gonostyli (Figs. 21–23, 31–33, 41–43) symmetrical, elongate; in lateral view, basal part narrower than breadth, the apical aspect round, with a stout triangular process on upper margin at base or in middle, beyond this process with a hooked process, lateroventrally directed, dorsal margin with a hooked-triangular process near apex, pointing medially. Aedeagus (Figs. 24–25, 34–35, 44–45) elongate, tube-like, membranous, narrow at base, distinctly expanded at apex, with several different processes. Periandrium (Figs. 24–25, 34–35, 44–45) tube-like, well developed, surrounding aedeagus medially, with different process at apex. Corpus connective (Figs. 24–24, 34–35, 44–45) stout, with a subtriangular plate-shaped process.

Etymology

The genus name, which is feminine, is a combination of “para-” (which means parallel, beside or near) and “Epora” (name of a similar genus), indicating that the new genus is similar to the genus Epora Walker.

Host Plant

Unknown.

Distribution

China (Yunnan).

Remarks

This new genus is similar to Epora Walker, 1857, in: i) vertex broader at base than long in midline, with subtle median carina or no carina (Figs. 2, 5, 8, 11); ii) forewings with complete oblique transverse veinlets in costal cell, with two ranks of transverse veins in membrane, forming apical cells and subapical cells (Figs. 12, 15, 19, 29, 39); iii) gonostyli with a triangular process on upper margin, with a hooked process, lateroventrally directed (Figs. 13–14, 21–22, 31–32, 41–42). But this new genus can be distinguished from the latter by: i) pronotum with one median carina, not reaching anterior margin (pronotum with two median carinae in Epora) (Figs. 2, 5, 8, 11); ii) forewings less than 2.5 times as long as their maximum width, costal cell broad, with 6–8 oblique transverse veinlets (forewings more 2.5 times longer than the maximum width, costal cell narrower, with 13–16 oblique transverse veinlets in Epora) (Figs. 12, 15, 19, 29, 39) ; iii) gonostyli long, dorsal margin with a hooked-triangular process near apex (gonostyli short, usually not reanhing to the tip of anal tube in Epora) (Figs. 13–14, 21–22, 31–32, 41–42).

Description

Measurements. Body length (from apex of vertex to tip of forewings): male 6.8–6.9 mm (N = 6), female 7.7–7.8 mm (N = 5).

Coloration. General color yellow green. Compound eyes brown, ocelli yellow green. Tips of spines on hind tibiae and tarsi black.

Head and Thorax. Vertex (Fig. 16) broader than long in middle line (2.5:1.0). Frons (Fig. 18) longer in middle than maximum width (1.5:1.0), widest at apical fourth. Pronotum (Fig. 16) obviously wider than long in middle (5.4:1.0). Mesonotum (Fig. 16) wider than long in middle (1.4:1.0). Forewings (Fig. 19) anterior margin arched, posterior margin straight, costal cell with 5–7 short transverse veinlets, Sc+R forking about at basal 2/5, Cu₁ forking about at basal 1/4, with about 11 apical cells and 8 subapical cells, claval veins uniting middle of clavus. Hindwing with venation as in Fig. 20. Hind tibia with 3 lateral spines, spine formula of hind leg 7-7-2.

Male Genitalia. Pygofer (Fig. 21) narrow and high in lateral view, anterior margin concave on dorsal 1/3, posterior margin concave on ventral 1/4, lateral margins parallel. Anal tube (Figs. 21–22) relatively short, not reaching the apex of aedeagus; anal styles relatively elongate, just reaching to apex of anal tube in dorsal view. Gonostyli (Figs. 21–23) symmetrical, elongate, in lateral view, relatively long, basal part narrower than apical part, the apical margin round, with a stout triangular process on upper margin at basal 1/3, beyond this process with a hooked process, lateroventrally directed, dorsal margin with a hooked-triangular process near in middle, pointing inward. Aedeagus (Figs. 21, 24–25) elongate, tube-like, distinctly expanded and membranous, with a cystic component at apex on left side, with a bifurcate process near apex in right view. Periandrium (Figs. 24–25) tube-like, developed, surrounding aedeagus medially, with an acinaciform process at apex on left side, with a foliate plate in right side. Corpus connective stout, with a subtriangular plate-shape process.

Type Material

HOLOTYPE: ♂, CHINA: Bingzhongluo (N 28° 00′ E 98° 37″), Gongshan County, Yunnan Province, 30-VII-2012, J.-K. Long; (GUGC). PARATYPES: 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, same data as holotype; (GUGC). 1 ♂, Fugong County (N 27° 00′ E 98° 51″), Yunnan Province, 25-VII-2012, Y.-G. Xiao; (GUGC). 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Pengdang (N 27° 57′ E 98°40″), Gongshan County, Yunnan Province, 29-VII-2012, J.-K. Long and Y.-G. Xiao (GUGC).

Etymology

The name is derived from the Latin word “bifurca” referring to the bifurcate process near the apex of aedeagus.

Host Plant

Unknown.

Distribution

China (Yunnan).

Remarks

This new species is distinguished from other species of this genus Paraepora gen. nov. by: i) aedeagus with a cystic component at apex in left side, with a bifurcate process near apex in right view; ii) periandrium with an acinaciform process at apex in left side, and with a foliate plate in right side.

Description

Measurements. Body length (from apex of vertex to tip of forewings): male 7.4–7.5 mm (N = 5), female 8.2–8.4 mm (N = 4).

Coloration. General color green or yellow green. Compound eyes brown, ocelli yellow green. Tips of spines on hind tibiae and tarsi black.

Head and Thorax. Vertex (Fig. 26) broader than long in middle line (2.7:1.0). Frons (Fig. 28) longer in middle than maximum width (1.4:1.0), widest at apical fifth. Pronotum (Fig. 26) obviously wider than long in middle (5.2:1.0). Mesonotum (Fig. 26) wider than long in middle (1.4:1.0). Forewings (Fig. 29) anterior margin arched, posterior margin straight, costal cell with 7–8 short transverse veinlets, Sc+R forking about at basal 2/5, Cu₁ forked near basal 1/4, with about 11 apical cells and 7–8 subapical cells, claval veins uniting middle of clavus. Hind wing with venation as in Fig. 30. Hind tibia with 3 lateral spines, spine formula of hind leg 7-7-2.

Male Genitalia. Pygofer (Fig. 31) narrow and high in lateral view, anterior margin concave on dorsal 1/2, posterior margin concave on ventral 2/3, dorsal margin 2.4 times broader than ventral margin. Anal tube (Figs. 31–32) relatively short, not reaching the apex of aedeagus; anal styles relatively elongate, just surpassing to apex of anal tube in dorsal view. Gonostyli (Figs. 31–33) symmetrical, elongate, in lateral view, relatively long, basal part narrower than apical part, the apical margin narrow, with a stout triangular process on dorsal margin at basal 1/2, beyond this process with a hooked process, lateroventrally directed, dorsal margin with a hooked-triangular process near apical 1/3, pointing inward. Aedeagus (Figs. 34–35) elongate, tube-like, distinctly expanded and membranous, with a cystic component at apex in left side, with a cultrated process near apex on right side. Periandrium (Figs. 34–35) tube-like, developed, surrounding aedeagus medially, with a falcate process at apex in left side, tip of the process truncate or acute, with a hooked process in right side. Corpus connective stout, with a subtriangular plate-shape process.

Type Material

HOLOTYPE: ♂, CHINA: Baihualing (N 25° 18′ E 98° 48″), Gaoligong Mountain National Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, 13∼15-VI-2011, Y.-J. Li; (GUGC). PARATYPES: 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, same data as holotype (GUGC).

Etymology

This new species is named for the presence of a cultrated process near apex of aedeagus in right side.

Host Plant

Unknown.

Distribution

China (Yunnan).

Remarks

This new species is similar to P. bifurca Chang & Chen, sp. nov., but can be distinguished from the latter by: i) vertex broader than long in middle line (2.7:1.0); ii) aedeagus with a cultrated process near apex in right side; iii) periandrium with a falcate process at apex in left side, with a hooked process in right side.

Description

Measurement. Body length (from apex of vertex to tip of forewing): male 7.4–7.6 mm (N = 7), female 7.3–8.0 mm (N = 4).

Coloration. General color yellowish green. Vertex, pronotum and mesonotum green. Compound eyes brown to black, ocelli yellow green. Tips of spines on hind tibiae and tarsi black.

Head and Thorax. Vertex (Fig. 36) broader than long in middle line (2.5:1.0). Frons (Fig. 38) longer in middle than maximum width (1.4:1.0), widest at apical fifth. Pronotum (Fig. 36) obviously wider than long in middle (5.1:1.0). Mesonotum (Fig. 36) wider than long in middle (1.5:1.0). Forewing (Fig. 39) about 2.4 times longer than the widest part, anterior margin arched, posterior straight, costal cell with 7–8 short transverse veinlets, Sc+R forked near basal 1/3, Cu₁ forked near basal 1/3, with about 15 apical cells and 9 subapical cells, claval veins unite at middle of clavus. Hind wing with venation as in Fig. 40. Hind tibia with 3 lateral spines, spine formula of hind leg 7-7-2.

Male Genitalia. Pygofer (Fig. 41) irregularly subquadrate in lateral view, anterior margin moderately concave, posterior margin concave on ventral 1/3, dorsal margin broad, ventral margin narrow. Anal tube (Figs. 41–42) elongate, reaches to apex of aedeagus, dorsal margin and ventral margin parallel, ventral margin bent ventrad in apical 1/5, with a sharp point in lateral view; lateral margins parallel in dorsal view; anal styles relatively long, slightly surpass apex of anal tube in dorsal view. Gonostyli (Figs. 41–43) elongate, expanded at basal 1/3 then narrowing toward the apex in lateral view, with median triangular process in apical 2/5 and a hook-like process produced in dorsolateral side, pointing outward, with a distinct triangular process in apical 1/5, directed inward. Aedeagus (Figs. 44–45) tubular, apex of aedeagus expanded membranous, with tegular process in dorsal margin, with a quadrangular process in left view, with one foliate process in right view. Periandrium (Figs. 44–45) asymmetrical, well developed, tubular, surrounding aedeagus in basal 3/4, with an irregular sheetlike process in right view.

Type Material

HOLOTYPE: ♂, CHINA: Baoshan city (N 25° 12′ E 99° 08″, 1,946 m), Yunnan Province, China, 21-VIII-2006, Q.-Z. Song and Y. Tang; (GUGC). PARATYPES: 8 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, same data as holotype (GUGC).

Host Plant

Unknown.

Distribution

China (Yunnan).

Etymology

The specific name refers to the Latin word “tegula”, meaning the aedeagus with tegular process in dorsal margin.

Remarks

This new species is similar to P. bifurca Chang & Chen, sp. nov. and P. cultellata Chang & Chen, sp. nov., but can be distinguished from those 2 species by the following traits: i) forewings with 9 subapical cells and 15 apical cells; ii) apex with tegular process in dorsal margin, with a quadrangular process in left view, with one foliate process in right view; iii) periandrium with an irregular sheet-like process in right view.