Compared to phytoplankton, relatively little information exists about the importance of benthic algae as a source of dissolved organic C (DOC) in lakes. We enriched outdoor tanks with N and P in a full factorial design (unenriched, N, P, N P) to evaluate effects of nutrients on the release, composition, and decomposition of DOC from Cladophora glomerata (L.) Kütz. in Lake Michigan. After 10 d of enrichment, biomass-specific rates of gross primary productivity (GPP) were significantly greater in the N P treatment than in the N or P treatments. The fraction of fixed C released as DOC was ∼37% of GPP in the N P treatment, which was similar to material collected from the lake (initial samples). Biomass-specific rates of DOC release did not vary significantly with treatment, whereas GPP declined in the nutrient-limited treatments ( N, P, and unenriched). Consequently, DOC release represented a higher percentage of GPP (>100%) under severe nutrient limitation. Specific ultraviolet (UV) absorbance, an indicator of aromatic compounds, indicated that DOC from material grown in the N P treatment (DOC_{N P}) was more labile than DOC from material grown in the N treatment (DOC _N). Both DOC_{N P} and DOC _N supported an exponential increase in bacterial density during a 19-d incubation, but DOC_{N P} was used more rapidly and supported higher bacterial density than DOC _N. Cladophora has become a major contributor to primary production in the shallow nearshore areas of the lower Laurentian Great Lakes, and our data suggest that ≥⅓ of this productivity is available for the benthic microbial loop as DOC. The amount of DOC released remains relatively constant as nutrient limitation reduces productivity, but the nutrient status of the alga affects the quality of DOC as a substrate for heterotrophic bacteria.