A revision of the 14 species of Romanschulzia is presented. Full synonymy, descriptions, ecological data, when available, and a key are given. Based on the examination of type collections of all species, the limits of Romanschulzia is expaned to include two species, R. alpina and R. mexicana, previously placed in the genera Lexarzanthe, Sisymbrium, and Thelypodiopsis. The present account deviates from the most recent account of the genus, especially for the most widespread species.

Streptanthus tortuosus subsp. truei is described, and its distinguishing characters from subsp. tortuoSUS and other infraspecific taxa synonymized are discussed. The novelty is easily distinguished from other plants of the species by having caudate-acuminate (vs. obtuse to subacute) sepals distinctly longer (vs. shorter) than the petals and acuminate (vs. acute to obtuse or rounded) cauline leaves. Limits of the genus Streptanthus and S. tortuosus are discussed.

We document an orchid species not previously reported or illustrated for the flora of Venezuela, Veyretia szlachetkoana, collected in the context of the project ″Flora de orquĺdeas de los estados Amazonas y Bolivar, Venezuela. ″ The genus Veyretia is briefly discussed, herbarium specimens of V. szlachetkoana are cited, and field diagnostic characters are provided. We also include a key to distinguish Sarcoglottis from Veyretia and one to identify the three species of Veyretia so far reported for the flora of Venezuela.

The name of Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius is closely associated with the Brazilian flora. Martius collected thousands of specimens during his exploration of Brazil from 1817 to 1820, and subsequently was the founder, mentor and promoter of the monumental Flora Brasiliensis. Little known, or simply overlooked, however, is the fact that many of the Brazilian specimens that Martius had distributed to other herbaria, or to his web of collaborators, are not his own collections, but those of other naturalists. The present study concerns the specimens that Martius sent to Luigi Colla in 1827. In volume I of Herbarium Pedemontanum, Colla cited 36 species received from Martius, treating 23 of them as new species. Original material examined by Colla (now held at TO), was found, verified and compared with duplicates held elsewhere. The majority of specimens attributed to Martius were, in fact, collected by Prince Maximilian of Wied. Except for five names whose specimens have not been located at Turin, all the others are here discussed and updated. Three new combinations, 14 new synonymies, 16 lectotypifications and one neotypification are proposed.

Based on molecular data, the rank of Rhizophora harrisonii, a well-known red mangrove from the Neotropics and West Africa, is formally presented here as a natural hybrid produced by ongoing hybridization and introgression between R. mangle and R. racemosa.

Ongoing studies of taxa in Liparis section Ramosae reveal one more species whilst simultaneously defining the group more strictly. Liparis rusbyi is lectotypified. Furthermore, research into the allied genus Crossoglossa reveals six new species. A synopsis of the latter is also supplied. The new taxa proposed here are Liparis section Retusae, L. schneidert, Crossoglossa chocoensis, C. garciana, C. harlingii, C. ospinae, C. santamartana and C. tillettii.

Continuing studies of neotropical Goodyerinae reveal new distributional records for Aspidogyne umbraticola and Microchilus familiaris. The synonymy of Aspidogyne querceticola is elaborated upon. One new combination, Aspidogyne clavigera var. rhodostachys is proposed, as well as four new species of Microchilus, viz. M. boyacanus, M. callejasii, M. quetamensis, and M. schneidert. Physurus debilis and Spiranthes pedicellata are lectotypified.

We present a morphological description of the flower and fruit of Ottoschulzia rhodoxylon based on material collected at Hacienda La Esperanza Nature Reserve, Puerto Rico, cultivated material, as well as on data in herbarium specimens. Plants of Ottoschulzia rhodoxylon bear hermaphrodite flowers, and at least some appear to be fully functional. We also summarize phenological data for the species: flowering occur at the beginning of the rainy season, especially June; fruits develop further, until November.

Ottoschulzia (Icacinaceae) includes four species of small trees found in the Antilles, Southern Mexico, and Central America. Several species in the genus have never been explicitly typified. Herein a lectotype is proposed for Ottoschulzia cubensis, and neotypes are proposed for O. domingensis, and O. rhodoxylon.

Generic delimitations and understanding of relationships among the herbaceous Afro-Asian genera Ammannia L., Hionanthera A. Fern. & Diniz, and Nesaea Comm. ex Kunth were long elusive due to the extensive similarity in their habit and floral morphology. Recently, studies based on morphological and molecularbased evidence found the three genera forming a strongly supported monophyletic clade. The need for taxonomic unification as a result of this finding is satisfied here by formal nomenclatural recognition of a single genus under the earliest available name, Ammannia, and new synonyms Hionanthera and Nesaea. To accommodate the required nomenclatural changes, 77 new combinations are proposed. Seven new names are provided for replaced synonyms: Ammannia brevistyla S.A.Graham & Gandhi, A. fernandesiana S.A. Graham & Gandhi, A. grayi S.A. Graham & Gandhi, A. involucrata S.A. Graham & Gandhi, A. mauritiana S.A.Graham & Gandhi, A. parvula S.A. Graham & Gandhi, and A. pauciramosa S.A. Graham & Gandhi. Lectotypes are designated for 18 names.

Draba henrici, a new species from New Mexico, is described and illustrated. It resembles widespread D. aurea and the Colorado-endemic D. streptobrachia in habit, foliage, and fruits but is readily distinguished from them by the smaller white vs. yellow flowers, shorter (1–2(-3) vs. 3–20 mm) fruiting pedicels, and several aspects of indumentum discussed below.