The name of Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius is closely associated with the Brazilian flora. Martius collected thousands of specimens during his exploration of Brazil from 1817 to 1820, and subsequently was the founder, mentor and promoter of the monumental Flora Brasiliensis. Little known, or simply overlooked, however, is the fact that many of the Brazilian specimens that Martius had distributed to other herbaria, or to his web of collaborators, are not his own collections, but those of other naturalists. The present study concerns the specimens that Martius sent to Luigi Colla in 1827. In volume I of Herbarium Pedemontanum, Colla cited 36 species received from Martius, treating 23 of them as new species. Original material examined by Colla (now held at TO), was found, verified and compared with duplicates held elsewhere. The majority of specimens attributed to Martius were, in fact, collected by Prince Maximilian of Wied. Except for five names whose specimens have not been located at Turin, all the others are here discussed and updated. Three new combinations, 14 new synonymies, 16 lectotypifications and one neotypification are proposed.