A synopsis of the infrageneric classification of Astroloba Uitewaal (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae) is presented, and the 12 known species are assigned to two subgenera. Poellnitzia Uitewaal is reduced to subgenus rank in Astroloba, as A. subg. Poellnitzia (Uitewaal) Molteno & Gideon F.Sm., and three sections within A. subg. Astroloba, A. sect. Intercedens Molteno & Gideon F.Sm., A. sect. Inflata Molteno & Gideon F.Sm., and A. sect. Vastora Molteno & Gideon F.Sm., are recognised, all of which are described here. A new combination, A. spirella (Haw.) Molteno & Gideon F.Sm. based on Haworthia spirella Haw., is published here. An epitype is designated for this combination. The accepted species that are included in the infrageneric groupings are enumerated, along with an indication of their typification. Separate keys are provided to the subgenera, sections and species recognised in Astroloba.