Grube, M., Obermayer, W., Mayrhofer, H. & Spribille, T. 2016. Josef Hafellner — a life amongst lichens and their parasites. — Herzogia 29: 213–234.

The impact of Josef Hafellners scientific work on the systematics of lichenized ascomycetes and on the knowledge on lichenicolous fungi is discussed and the value of his extensive collections (c. 100,000 lichens including c. 8,000 lichenicolous fungi) is highlighted. A bibliography (1975–2016) is presented.

Berger, F. & Zimmermann, E. 2016. Ergänzungen zur Flechtenflora von Madeira mit besonderer Berücksichtigung lichenicoler Pilze. — Herzogia 29: 235–276.

100 lichenicole Pilze und 48 lichenisierte Ascomyceten werden erstmals aus Madeira berichtet. Davon sind 35 lichenicole Pilze Erstfunde in Makaronesien (Abrothallus suecicus, Arthonia columbiana, Bloxamia leucophthalma, Capronia epilobarina, Cladophialophora parmeliae, Chalara lobariae, Didymocyrtis foliaceiphila, D. slaponiensis, Endococcus propinquus, E. verrucisporus, Endophragmiella franconica, Epibryon conductrix, Epicladonia stenospora, Intralichen lichenum, Leptosphaerulina peltigerae, Lichenoconium cargillianum, L. follmannii, Lichenostigma chlaroterae, Niesslia peltigeriicola, Phaeospora parasitica, Phoma peltigerae, Polycoccum alboatrum, P. decolorans, P. deformans, Pronectria anisospora, P. leptogii, Skyttea megalosporae, Sphaerellothecium cladoniae, Stigmidium degelii, S. lobariae, S. peltidae, Trichonectria australis, Tubeufia heterodermiae, Xenonectriella aurantiaca, Zwackhiomyces kiszkianus), 7 lichenicole Pilze sind Neufunde für Europa (Abrothallus usneae var. tetraspora, Llimoniella pertusariae, Opegrapha melanospila, Stromatopogon geminatum, Trichonectria usneicola, Xenonectriella rosea und Zwackhiomyces kantvilasii). Die lichenicolen Pilze Arthonia griseopruinosa, A. leucomelodis, Opegrapha hafellneri, Pronectria neofissuriprodiens, Stigmidium parmotrematis und S. placopsidis werden neu beschrieben. Die Neukombination Zwackhiomacromyces hyalosporus wird vorgeschlagen. Von den 48 erstmals in Madeira nachgewiesenen Flechten sind zwei neu für Europa (Bacidina crystallifera, Malmidea fuscella) und 14 neu für die Makaronesien (Catapyenium daedaleum, Collemopsidium sublitorale, Dermatocarpon rivulorum, Ionaspis lacustris, Leptogium plicatile, L. tenuissimum, Lichenomphalia umbellifera, Melaspilea proximella, Polysporina simplex, Pseudosagedia globulans, P. interjungens, Rhizocarpon simillimum, Sporodictyon cruentum, Thelenella modesta). Amphibische Flechtenassoziationen konnten erstmals in Madeira gefunden werden.

Brackel, W. v. & Puntillo, D. 2016. New records of lichenicolous fungi from Calabria (southern Italy), including a first checklist. — Herzogia 29: 277–306.

Sixty-six sites of lichenological interest were visited during two excursions to Calabria in the years 2014 and 2015. The number of lichenicolous fungi known from this region was enlarged from 37 to 147. New to the Mediterranean are Echinodiscus lesdainii, Nectriopsis cariosae, Tremella cetrariicola and T. everniae, new to Italy are Burgoa angulosa, Cornutispora ciliata, Didymocyrtis consimilis s.lat., Endococcus ramalinarius, Monodictys fuliginosa, Phoma grumantiana, P. melanohaleicola, Pronectria fissuriprodiens, Reconditella physconiarum, Roselliniopsis tartaricola, Sphaerellothecium parietinarium, Stigmidium degelii and Taeniolella punctata. A further 91 species are new to Calabria. The new species Abrothallus puntilloi and Xenonectriella calabrica are described.

Braun, U. Khodosovtsev, A. Y., Darmostuk, V. V. & Diederich, P. 2016. Trichoconis hafellneri sp. nov. on Athallia pyracea and Xanthoria parietina, a generic discussion of Trichoconis and keys to the species of this genus. — Herzogia 29: 307—314.

The new lichenicolous species Trichoconis hafellneri, growing on Athallia pyracea and Xanthoria parietina, is described, illustrated and compared with lichenicolous and other species hitherto assigned to Trichoconis. This is followed by a brief discussion on the current circumscription of that genus, supplemented by keys to the accepted species of Trichoconis.

Etayo, J. & Pérez-Ortega, S. 2016. Lichenicolous lichens and fungi from Monfragüe National Park (western Spain). — Herzogia 29: 315–328.

We present the first survey of lichenicolous lichens and fungi in Monfragüe National Park, Cáceres (Spain). Seven localities were visited, including the most characteristic ecosystems. Forty taxa were recorded, mostly on epiphytic lichens. Seven species are reported from the Iberian Peninsula for the first time: Acremonium subeffusum, Cornutispora intermedia, Endococcus exerrans, Pronectria subimperspicua, Roselliniella cladoniae, Tremella cladoniae and Zwackhiomyces echinulatus. The species Arthonia pepei, growing on Parmelina cryptotiliacea, is described as new to science.

Hawksworth, D. L., Halıcı, M. G., Kocakaya, Z. & Kocakaya, M. 2016. Henfellra muriformis gen. et sp. nov., a new dictyosporous pycnidial fungus on Candelariella, with a key to the lichenicolous fungi known from that genus. — Herzogia 29: 329–336.

The new generic name Henfellra gen. nov. is introduced for a new species of pycnidial fungus with hyaline muriform euseptate conidia, H. muriformis sp. nov., discovered on Candelariella antennaria in Turkey. This is the first lichenicolous fungus with muriform conidia to be recognized, and the separation from non-lichenicolous pycnidial genera with muriform conidia, such as Camarosporium, is discussed. A key to the 16 lichenicolous fungi now known to occur on Candelariella species worldwide is provided, and it is noted that the generic placement of several of those will need to be reassessed as they do not appear to be congeneric with the type species of the genera in which they are currently placed. Interestingly, several rather widespread lichenicolous genera have yet to be encountered on the genus, and few are known from the three other genera of Candelariellaceae; whether this is attributable to antifungal properties of the pulvinic acid derivatives they contain merits exploration.

Millanes, A. M., Diederich, P., Westberg, M. & Wedin, M. 2016. Three new species in the Biatoropsis usnearum complex. — Herzogia 29: 337–354.

Three new species of Biatoropsis are formally described based on our previous molecular studies, and on additional molecular, morphological, and ecological data. Biatoropsis protousneae sp. nov. is confined to Protousnea dusenii. Biatoropsis minuta sp. nov. is characterized by the small and brown to black basidiomatal galls, and by growing on Usnea barbata and U. lapponica. Biatoropsis hafellneri sp. nov. is distinguished by 2-celled basidia with cells that elongate laterally at maturity, and by growing on species of the Usnea fragilescens aggregate. A fourth Biatoropsis species is left unnamed, and two other lineages are not described, all waiting for the study of additional material.

Suija, A., Suu, A. & Lõhmus, P. 2016. Substrate specificity corresponds to distinct phylogenetic lineages: the case of Chaenotheca brunneola. — Herzogia 29: 355–363.

We compared eight Chaenotheca specimens recently found to grow on fruit bodies of Trichaptum abietinum and T. fuscoviolaceum in Estonia with externally similar wood-dwelling Chaenotheca brunneola as well with another Trichaptum-inhabiting species, C. balsamconensis. We analysed their rDNA ITS sequences by means of phylogenetic analyses and five morpho-anatomical and pigmentation characters by cluster analysis. The obtained ten rDNA ITS sequences, including those from Chaenotheca balsamconensis, formed a supported clade distinct from C. brunneola as well as from the rest of 18 analysed Chaenotheca species. The Trichaptum clade included two lineages, of which one corresponded to Chaenotheca balsamconensis. According to cluster analysis, seven out of eight Chaenotheca specimens from Trichaptum formed a separate cluster. The morphological character that most differentiated woodinhabiting from Trichaptum-inhabiting specimens was the length of the stalks being somewhat shorter in the latter. Therefore, the Chaenotheca species externally similar to C. brunneola but growing on Trichaptum basidiomata form separate evolutionary lineage representing a case of convergent evolution and cryptic speciation.

Zhurbenko, M. P., Etayo, J., Demidova, A. N. & Zhdanov, I. S. 2016. Capronia josefhafellneri sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Herpotrichiellaceae) and some other lichenicolous fungi from Vietnam. — Herzogia 29: 364–373.

Eleven species of lichenicolous fungi are recorded from Bi Doup-Nui Ba National Park in Vietnam. Capronia josefhafellneri growing on apothecia and thallus of Septotrapelia triseptata is described as new to science. It is characterized by comparatively short setae up to 30 μm long and (0-)1(-2)-septate ascospores. Clypeococcum rugosisporum and Zwackhiomyces diederichii are reported as new to Asia, and Abrothallus usneae, Arthophacopsis cf. parmeliarum, Lichenoconium erodens, Pseudoseptoria usneae and Roselliniella cladoniae new to Southeast Asia. Arthophacopsis cf. parmeliarum is found on Hypotrachyna species.

Breuss, O. 2016. Über einige von Miroslav Servít beschriebene Verrucaria-Arten (lichenisierte Ascomycota, Verrucariaceae). — Herzogia 29: 374–382.

Vierzehn von M. Servít beschriebene Verrucaria-Arten werden behandelt. Auf ihre kennzeichnenden Merkmale und ihre Verbreitung wird kurz eingegangen. Verrucaria monguillonii wird mit V. apatela synonymisiert. Verrucaria pseudovirescens ist neu für Deutschland, V. subcuneata ist neu für Deutschland und Österreich.

Cestaro, L., Tønsberg, T. & Muggia L. 2016. Phylogenetic data and chemical traits characterize a new species in the lichen genus Tephromela. — Herzogia 29: 383–402.

The species complex of Tephromela atra is one example of a widely distributed and highly polymorphic species, adapted to multiple substrates and ecological niches, whose diversity was recently investigated worldwide. Here, we provide improved morphological and molecular analyses to understand the diversity of corticolous taxa and support the recognition of a new species. We included specimens from the Mediterranean region and from the Pacific Northwest coast of North America and analysed the genetic diversity of both mycobionts and photobionts. Our study confirms the presence of a new monophyletic lineage, here described as Tephromela pacifica, which is further characterized by the production of a new, still unnamed, lichen secondary compound. The corticolous Tephromela samples from the Mediterranean region are consistently recovered in two paraphyletic lineages and their diversity is herewith discussed.

Clerc, P. 2016. Notes on the genus Usnea (lichenized Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae) IV. — Herzogia 29: 403–411.

Several species of the genus Usnea occurring supra-continentally are treated. Usnea barbata is new to the United Kingdom. Usnea entoviolata is new to Europe and a map of its known worldwide occurrence is given. Usnea perhispidella (syn. nov: U. eumitrioides), U. poliotrix, and U. subdasaea are new to North America. Usnea perplexans, a Himalayan taxon, is the correct name for U. lapponica, a widely occurring species in Europe and North America. Usnea aciculifera, U. hondoensis and U. pangiana are also discussed.

Holien, H., Palice, Z., Björk, C. R., Goward, T. & Spribille, T. 2016. Lecidea coriacea sp. nov., a lichen species from oldgrowth boreal and montane forests in Europe and North America. — Herzogia 29: 412–420.

Lecidea coriacea is described as new to science from the boreal forests of Europe and montane conifer forests of northwestern North America. It is probably related to some of the species currently assigned to the genus Puttea, but is included in Lecidea awaiting a more thorough revision of this group. The species is characterized by pale to dark brown apothecia, plusiosporic asci and by the production of secalonic acid A in the hypothecium causing a golden yellow reaction with KOH. Lecidea coriacea seems to be a species of oldgrowth forests and is threatened by forestry. It often grows on old trees of Betula, Picea and Salix or on old conifer snags. Notes on similar species and other plusiosporic epiphytic and lignicolous species in boreal forests are given.

Kantvilas, G. 2016. Further observations on the lichen genus Megalaria in Tasmania: some species with blue-green apothecial pigments. — Herzogia 29: 421–434.

Four species of the lichenised Ascomycete genus Megalaria are treated, namely the cosmopolitan Megalaria grossa, the two new species, M. hafellneriana (from Tasmania and Victoria) and M. planocarpa (endemic to Tasmania), and M. subintermixta (new combination), which is recorded for Tasmania, Victoria and New South Wales. Catillaria grossulina is reduced to synonymy with Megalaria grossa. The species are described and illustrated, and their affinities with other taxa are discussed. The structure and pigmentation of the proper excipulum, the anatomy of the asci, and ascospore size are seen as the most important characters in the delimitation of Megalaria species whereas substrate and thallus characters can be ambiguous. A provisional key to Tasmanian species is provided.

Keller, C. & Scheidegger, C. 2016. Multiple mating events and spermatia-mediated gene flow in the lichen-forming fungus Lobaria pulmonaria. — Herzogia 29: 435–450.

Lichen-forming fungi have developed combined reproductive strategies that involve both sexual and asexual propagules, which are produced in varying frequencies over space and time. Lobaria pulmonaria reveals the characteristic traits of genetically diverse, fully recombinant populations, despite the generally rare occurrence of sexual reproductive structures. This study aimed at investigating the genetic diversity of the progenies of single apothecia of L. pulmonaria from different populations. Because the percentage of germinating ascospores is often very small and single spore cultures are thus difficult to obtain, we tested a protocol of DNA isolation from a multispore fraction and identified the alleles of three fungus-specific microsatellite markers. Multispore samples analysed from single apothecia revealed two to three different alleles. This confirms a heterothallic mating system in L. pulmonaria and indicates multiple matings in single apothecia. Paternal thalli were found at different distances up to more than one hundred meters. Our results show that spermatia are an important source of gene flow with dispersal distances in the same order of magnitude as vegetative and sexual diaspores.

Kison, H.-U., Eckstein, J., Seelemann, A. & Stordeur, R. 2016. Erstnachweise und bemerkenswerte Funde von Flechten und lichenicolen Pilzen im Harz und dem nördlichen Harzvorland (Sachsen-Anhalt und Niedersachsen). — Herzogia 29: 451–464.

Es werden 56 Taxa behandelt, 51 davon sind Flechten, drei sind lichenicole Pilze und zwei werden zu den saprophytischen Pilzen gezählt. Micarea nigella wurde (aus Niedersachsen) neu für Deutschland nachgewiesen. Für Sachsen-Anhalt können die folgenden 16 Arten als neu gemeldet werden: Agonimia flabelliformis, A. globulifera, Arthonia didyma, Arthopyrenia fraxini, A. salicis, Buellia epigaea, Dactylospora saxatilis, Fuscidea lygaea, Helocarpon pulverulum, Melanohalea elegantula, Pertusaria coronata, Pycnora sorophora, Stigmidium eucline, Thelidium minutulum, Trapeliopsis aeneofusca und Verrucaria floerkeana. Acht Arten sind bedeutende Wiederfunde nach sehr langer Zeit. Vier davon, Lecidoma demissum, Montanelia panniformis, Ramalina fastigiata und Rhizocarpon hochstetteri, waren in der Roten Liste von Sachsen-Anhalt bereits als ausgestorben verzeichnet, Collema flaccidum und Naetrocymbe punctiformis galten als vom Aussterben bedroht, und Peltula euploca und Zwackhia viridis fehlen in der Roten Liste. Für 13 Arten mit schon länger zurückliegenden Nachweisen können aktuelle Funde gemeldet werden, darunter auch Steinia geophana, die erst zum zweiten Mal in Sachsen-Anhalt nachgewiesen wurde. Die letzten Angaben für diese Arten stammten ausnahmslos aus der Zeit vor der Jahrtausendwende. Für 11 Arten, die in den letzten Jahren entweder neu gefunden oder wieder nachgewiesen wurden, werden weitere Funde vorgelegt. Hervorzuheben sind hier Cladonia polycarpoides und Frutidella pullata als Zweitfunde für Sachsen-Anhalt. Als neu für Niedersachsen wurde Aspilidea myrinii nachgewiesen, Zwackhia viridis konnte nach genau 150 Jahren wieder aufgefunden werden. Cetrariella commixta wird für Niedersachsen seit 1958 als ausgestorben geführt. Es konnte jedoch ein Herbarbeleg von H. Ullrich aus dem Jahr 1988 aufgefunden sowie zwei aktuelle Funde dieser Art angegeben werden. Für weitere sechs in Niedersachsen meist sehr bis extrem seltene Arten werden aktuelle Funde gemeldet.

Knudsen, K. & Kocourková, J. 2016. Acarospora sphaerosperma (Acarosporaceae), new to Europe and the Czech Republic, and Acarospora irregularis, new for Austria. — Herzogia 29: 465–472.

Acarospora sphaerosperma, a species described from the Ozarks in North America, is reported new for Europe from Bohemia in the Czech Republic. The species is expected to be more widespread in Europe. An earlier European name has not been found. Acarospora irregularis is reported new for Austria.

Komposch, H. 2016. Fissurina subcorallina (lichenized Ascomycota, Ostropales), another drop in the bucket. — Herzogia 29: 473–478.

The fertile and isidiate lichen species Fissurina subcorallina is described as new from Costa Rica, where it was collected on a tree bole in the basal height zone of a moist lowland rainforest near the coastline. It is distinguished from the other isidiate Fissurina species by transverse (6–)7-septate ascospores and coralloid isidia. The crack-like lirellae are comparable with those of F. dumastii and are grouped in fertile zones.

Leavitt, S. D., Divakar, P. K, Crespo, A. & Lumbsch, H. T. 2016. A matter of time — understanding the limits of the power of molecular data for delimiting species boundaries. — Herzogia 29: 479–492.

The complexity of species delimitation has not decreased with the availability of molecular data and careful interpretation of data is needed for classification at the species level. Recent studies have revolutionized our understanding of species delimitations in lichen—forming fungi, including the discovery of a bewildering number of cryptic species. However, molecular sequence data has also illustrated the difficulty of separating some lineages that are well characterized by phenotypical traits. Without acknowledging the temporal aspect, species delimitation using molecular data will fail across a wide range of scenarios. In light of the prevalent use of molecular sequence data in species delimitation research of lichen—forming fungi, here we aim to highlight the major strengths and limitations of using genetic data to inform species—level taxonomy. Using examples from our research in Lecanoraceae and Parmeliaceae, we underscore how understanding the temporal component of diversification and statistical inference under the multi—species coalescent model can help to inform taxonomic decisions. We use examples from Bryoria (Parmeliaceae) and Thamnolia (Icmadophilaceae) to demonstrate the power of statistical inference in helping to inform taxonomic decisions in closely related species groups. We conclude with a general discussion of some guidelines to incorporate evidence from molecular sequence into species—level taxonomy

Lücking, R., Mangold, A. & Lumbsch, H. T. 2016. A worldwide key to species of the genera Myriotrema and Glaucotrema (lichenized Ascomycota: Graphidaceae), with a nomenclatural checklist of species published in Myriotrema. — Herzogia 29: 493–513.

A worldwide key to 54 species currently accepted in the genera Myriotrema sensu Frisch (50) and Glaucotrema (4) is presented, including six species with provisional placement in Myriotrema. We also provide a nomenclatural checklist of all 138 names published in Myriotrema and their current status, with the following eleven new combinations being proposed: Myriotrema leucohymenium, M. zollingeri, Ocellularia craterella, O. extendens, O. masonhalei, O. parvidisca, O. pertusarioides, O. squamuloides, Schizotrema flavolucens and Thelotrema configuratum.

Magain, N., Sérusiaux, E., Zhurbenko, M. P., Lutzoni, F. & Miadlikowska, J. 2016. Disentangling the Peltigera polydactylon species complex by recognizing two new taxa, P. polydactylon subsp. udeghe and P. seneca. — Herzogia 29: 514–528.

A new species, Peltigera seneca, and two subspecies within P. polydactylon (s.str.), P. polydactylon subsp. udeghe and P. polydactylon subsp. polydactylon, were segregated from a broadly defined P. polydactylon s.lat., based mostly on molecular data and distinct geographical ranges. Peltigera polydactylon s.str. and P. seneca form well-supported monophyletic lineages that share a most recent common ancestor and were recognized as two distinct species by multiple species delimitation and validation methods. Peltigera polydactylon s. str. has a broad intercontinental distribution whereas the new species P. seneca is restricted to eastern North America where it seems to be rare. Peltigera polydactylon subsp. udeghe and P. polydactylon subsp. polydactylon, were defined to accommodate two monophyletic and strongly supported clades separated geographically (North America, eastern Northern Asia and Australasia versus Europe, Middle East and central Northern Asia, respectively). Despite the low genetic distance, especially for the ITS, between these two subspecies, they are well segregated genetically throughout their allopatric ranges. However, there seems to be an intermediary pattern of variation in the geographical area where both taxa are likely to co-occur (e.g., central and eastern Northern Asia). Phenotypic traits have limited value in distinguishing these three taxa. They are chemically (secondary metabolites) similar and share the same Nostoc (cyanobiont) phylogroup. Nevertheless, there are helpful phenotypic trends in addition to their diagnostic genotypes.

Mayrhofer, H., Czeh, D., Kobald, E.-M. & Bilovitz, P. O. 2016. Catalogue of the lichenized and lichenicolous fungi of Kosovo. — Herzogia 29: 529–554.

The catalogue is based on a comprehensive evaluation of 37 publications containing records from Kosovo, and on recent collections from the Šar Planina. The lichen mycota as currently known includes 488 taxa (477 species with 5 subspecies, 5 varieties and 1 form) of lichenized and 25 species of lichenicolous fungi. Fifty one species are reported for the first time.

Neuwirth, G., Aptroot, A. & Stocker-Wörgötter, E. 2016. Hemithecium salacinicum, a new species in the family Graphidaceae (lichenized Ascomycota: Ostropales) from northern Thailand. — Herzogia 29: 555–560.

Hemithecium salacinicum is described as new from the province of Chiang Mai in North Thailand. The distinguishing characters from other species are the thallus, containing the depsidone salazinic acid only, the excipulum with a distinct yellow to orange coloured inner part and the poorly striate labia. The densely muriform, hyaline ascospores with dimensions of 60-110 × 15-22 µm are 25–36/5–7-locular and show conspicious constrictions at transverse septa.

Peterson, E. B. & Goward, T. 2016. Chaenothecopsis aeruginosa sp. nov., an overlooked calicioid in the Pacific Northwest of North America. — Herzogia 29: 561–565.

Northwestern North America has lately been shown to support a rich assemblage of calicioid lichenized and non-lichenized fungi. Here we describe the non-lichenized fungus Chaenothecopsis aeruginosa (Ascomycota, Mycocaliciales) as new to science. This species is endemic to the U.S. Pacific Northwest and adjacent Canada, where it ranges from Oregon northward to inland British Columbia. It is locally frequent in coastal old-growth rainforests in the southern portions of its range and inland old-growth rainforests farther north.

Printzen, C., Halda, J. P., McCarthy, J. W., Palice, Z., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Thor, G., Tønsberg, T. & Vondrák, J. 2016. Five new species of Biatora from four continents. — Herzogia 29: 566–585.

Biatora australis and B. hafellneri from South America, B. pacifica from East Asia, B. radicicola from central and northern Europe and the Caucasus, and B. terrae-novae from Newfoundland are described as new to science. The phylogenetic position of four of these species is reconstructed using ITS and mrSSU sequence data. Revised identification keys for the Biatora vernalis group and Biatora species with non-septate ascospores and blue or green apothecial pigments are also provided.

Roux, C., Nordin, A. & Bertrand, M. 2016. Lobothallia controversa Cl.Roux & A.Nordin sp. nov., correspondant au Lecanora farinosa sensu Nyl. non (Flörke) Nyl. — Herzogia 29: 586 -595.

Aspicilia farinosa sensu auct. (syn. Lecanora farinosa sensu Nyl.) étant une espèce bien distincte du type d'Aspicilia farinosa (Flörke) Flagey et n'ayant pas été jusqu'ici nommée validement, les auteurs en donnent une description détaillée et la nomment Lobothallia controversa Cl.Roux & A.Nordin sp. nov. La nouvelle espèce, qui comprend deux chémotypes, est très proche de L. chadefaudiana Cl.Roux.

Ruprecht, U., Søchting, U. & Türk, R. 2016. Porpidia navarina, a new endemic species from Isla Navarino (southern Tierra del Fuego, Chile). — Herzogia 29: 596–609.

As part of a comprehensive taxon sampling in southern Patagonia, South America, along a latitudinal gradient from Isla Navarino (55°S) to Bariloche (41°S) saxicolous lecideoid lichen species were collected in 20 habitats, all within the subantarctic climate zone above tree line by increasing altitude to the north. Phylogenetic analyses of the closely related genera Lecidea and Porpidia revealed altogether more than ten well-supported new lineages. The most strongly supported group of 13 accessions, found at Isla Navarino solely at the ridge of Cerro Bandera is described as the new endemic species Porpidia navarina.

Werth, S., Reynisdóttir, S., Guðmundsson, H. & Andrésson, Ó. S. 2016. A fast and inexpensive high-throughput protocol for isolating high molecular weight genomic DNA from lichens. — Herzogia 29: 610–616.

Isolating high molecular weight DNA as required for genomic library preparations and other applications is a challenging task. We optimized a glass-fiber column-based, high throughput DNA isolation protocol to yield comparatively large quantities of high molecular weight, pure DNA; cell lysis based on a CTAB buffer was followed by centrifugation to remove cell debris, binding to a glass-fiber membrane under high concentration of a chaotropic salt (guanidine hydrochloride), followed by two 70 % ethanol washes and elution. This method was utilized successfully on several species of lichenized ascomycetes and on two non-lichenized basidiomycetes. Thus, while developed for lichens, the method is suitable for a range of fungal taxa.

Wirth, V. 2016. Diploschistes euganeus in Deutschland nachgewiesen. — Herzogia 29: 617–623.

Diploschistes euganeus wird zum ersten Mal in Deutschland nachgewiesen. Die Flechte wurde in niederen Lagen des Schwarzwaldes in Nachbarschaft zur Rheinebene gefunden. Standortökologische Daten und Vergesellschaftung werden vorgestellt. Das Vorkommen ist jung und vermutlich auf eine Einwanderung zurückzuführen. Die nächsten Vorkommen liegen in etwa 300 km Entfernung im Tessin und am Rande der Ardennen. Diploschistes actinostomus wurde in der Literatur zweimal für Deutschland und auch für die benachbarten Vogesen angegeben; diese Angaben sind nachweislich oder sehr wahrscheinlich nicht korrekt.

Köckinger, H. 2016. Rediscovery and redescription of the enigmatic Radula visianica (Porellales, Marchantiophyta). — Herzogia 29: 625–634.

The supposedly extinct liverwort Radula visianica was rediscovered in the southern and north-eastern Austrian Alps. It was found in five localities, growing on cold, moist, north-facing dolomite rocks in the upper montane and subalpine belts. The new material proved highly variable and only a minority of it comes close to the type material, which is perhaps unsurprising since that originated from a much warmer area at the southern rim of the Italian Alps. An emended description of the species is presented. R. visianica is characterized by its small size, a Lejeunea cavifolia-like habit, the usual absence of gemmae, spreading lobes and in particular an enormous variability in lobule shape which ranges from strongly saccate and shortly orbicular in cold and exposed sites to sickle-shaped and extended to a fine apex in warmer, moister and protected sites. It is suggested that the species is a European endemic, which probably evolved in situ during the Pleistocene from a thermophilous Tertiary ancestor, becoming adapted to an increasingly harsh climate and dolomite rock.

Bakalin, V. A. 2016. Notes on Lophozia VIII. The lectotypification of Lophozia longiflora (Nees) Schiffn. (Lophoziaceae, Hepaticae). — Herzogia 29: 635–642.

Lophozia longiflora is lectotypified by the specimen from authentic material of the taxon housed in the herbarium STR. The species prefers moist to wet cliffy or swampy habitats in hemiarctic and northern boreal zones and corresponding mountain belts throughout the northern Holarctic, and is morphologically different from the mainly epixylous boreal and oroboreal taxon Lophozia guttulata. The main features of the species are canaliculate-concave leaves, with gibbous sinus and leaf lobes turned to the apex and inward of the leaf, convex trigones of midleaf cells, strongly recurved sinus margins of female bracts and bracteoles and a sparsely dentate perianth mouth with teeth 1–2 cells long.

Müller, F., Biedermann, S., Baumann, M. & Haynold, B. 2016. Ergänzungen zur Moosflora Sachsens. — Herzogia 29: 643–653.

Dicranum flexicaule, Didymodon glaucus, Ephemerum rutheanum, Orthotrichum acuminatum, O. urnigerum, Oxystegus tenuirostris var. holtii, Syntrichia ruralis var. ruraliformis und Thamnobryum neckeroides werden erstmals aus Sachsen angegeben. Für die aus Sachsen letztmals in den Jahren 1916 bzw. 1863 nachgewiesenen Arten Buxbaumia viridis und Cinclidotus fontinaloides konnten aktuelle Vorkommen ermittelt werden. Für die Sippen Ephemerum rutheanum, Orthotrichum acuminatum, O. urnigerum und Oxystegus tenuirostris var. holtii werden wichtige diagnostische Merkmale abgebildet.

Berg, C., Schwager, P., Pöltl, M. & Dengler, J. 2016. Plot sizes used for phytosociological sampling of bryophyte and lichen micro-communities. — Herzogia 29: 654–667.

To study the ecology of bryophytes and lichens, a plot-based approach in the tradition of phytosociology is widely used in Europe. Plot size has a crucial influence on the outcome of various analyses. Vegetation-environment analyses, biodiversity studies and vegetation classifications can be strongly biased if different plot sizes are compared or combined. For this reason, standard plot sizes have been recommended repeatedly. We collected 122 articles from eight international journals to analyse which plot sizes they used for sampling bryophyte and lichen communities. We found 11,573 relevés from 19 European countries, with German data and bryophyte communities being prevailing. Overall plot sizes ranged from 0.0002 to 30 m². The medians of plots sizes of saxicolous, corticolous, terricolous and lignicolous communities were all in the range of 0.04 to 0.09 m². Much smaller plots were used for bird casts and for epiphyllous micro-communities, with the smallest plots being only 2.1 cm² in size. The largest plots exceeded 1m² and were mostly used for terricolous lichen communities, in which most authors also recorded vascular plants. The most frequently used plot sizes in all data were 0.04, 0.01 and 0.03 m², while differences between the substrate types and among the two taxa were of subordinate importance. To replace the former vague criteria used to determine the plot size, like minimum area, representativeness and homogeneity, we recommend the use of a standard plot size for future studies of cryptogam micro-communities. To achieve best-possible compatibility with former studies, 0.04m² (20cm × 20 cm) appears as a good option. If cryptogam-rich vegetation types regularly cover many square metres or even hectares, we recommend to analyse them not only as micro-communities, but, including the co-occurring vascular plants and using plot sizes of 4–16 m², also as part of the normal system of complete plant communities, where such types typically had been neglected. Finally, we emphasize the fundamental difference between complete phytocoenoses, which alone should be considered in conventional syntaxonomy, and partial communities (merocoenoses, synusia), which better should be treated in a parallel classification system with its own ranks. Plot size can be considered as strong circumstantial evidence, whether a record refers to a complete phytocoenosis or to a synusia. We recommend assuming for plot sizes below 1 m² that they are either synusiae or incomplete records of phytocoenoses, thus in either case not suitable for conventional syntaxonomy. Syntaxa based on such micro-plots should generally be considered as invalid.

Paciorek, T., Stebel, A., Jankowska-Błaszczuk, M. & Wojciechowska, A. 2016. Bryophyte species diversity in human-influenced habitats within protected areas — a case study from the Świętokrzyski National Park in Poland. — Herzogia 29: 668–687.

The occurrence of bryophytes on 124 sites influenced by human within the Świętokrzyski National Park located in south-eastern Poland was analyzed. For each site we determined detailed localization (GPS), list of bryophytes and substrata on which particular species grew. We also noted sporophyte occurrences for each species.

The results showed that despite the small area occupied by the analyzed habitats, their flora was rich and consisted of 103 species and two varieties of mosses, 21 liverworts and one hornwort, accounting for 46 % of the total flora of this area. The main habitat requirements of bryophytes were as follows: neutral (moisture), neutral-shade-loving to photophytic (light) and neutral-alkaliphilic to weakly alkaliphilic (pH). The degree of hemeroby of particular species indicated rather moderate influence of human impact on the investigated bryoflora. In terms of life strategies most of the species are dominant colonists (28 %), followed by perennials (17 %), competitive perennials (17 %), pioneer colonists (12 %) and stress-tolerant perennials (9 %). The overwhelming majority of species were noted on epilithic habitats, including concrete, asphalt, stones (natural origin used as a component of the walls) and asbestos (used as a cover of roofs). Amongst bryophytes occurring in epigeic habitats the species growing on mineral soil were dominant. Lower numbers of species were observed on bark of wayside trees, wood and straw (using as building material, cover of roofs or lying near roads). The studied habitats turned out to be the places of occurrence of some species protected and threatened in Poland, for example Anthoceros agrestis, Fossombronia wondraczekii and Syntrichia latifolia. Our observations indicated that generative reproduction clearly dominated over vegetative.

Our main conclusion is that anthropogenic habitats surrounded by natural forest were the suitable places for bryophyte colonists and that this has an effect on the species richness within all protected areas.

Aptroot, A. 2016. The first European Willeya (Verrucariaceae) on limestone brought from China. — Herzogia 29: 688–691.

The new species Willeya tetraspora is described from a Botanical Garden in the Netherlands, where it grows on naturally shaped limestone that was imported from China. It differs from all other species in the genus by the 4-spored asci, and also from most species by the globose hymenial algae. It is the first species of the genus reported from Europe. Its natural distribution is in China, where this species remains to be found, but several similar taxa are known.

Gasparyan, A., Aptroot, A., Burgaz, A. R., Otte, V., Zakeri, Z., Rico, V. J., Araujo, E., Crespo, A., Divakar, P. K. & Lumbsch, H. T. 2016. Additions to the lichenized and lichenicolous mycobiota of Armenia. — Herzogia 29: 692–705.

Two hundred and thirty-three lichenized and lichenicolous fungi are reported here from Armenia. Eighty-nine are new records for the country. Fifty-three taxa were found on basaltic rocks of the ancient megalithic monument “Zorats Karer”. The new combination Protoparmeliopsis bolcana (Pollini) Lumbsch is introduced.

Konoreva, L. A., Chesnokov, S. V. & Davydov, E. A. 2016. Stictis and Schizoxylon (Stictidaceae, Ostropales) in Russia. — Herzogia 29: 706–711.

The distribution and ecology of Schizoxylon albescens, Stictis brunnescens and S. radiata in Russia is discussed. Schizoxylon albescens is new for Russia and Asia, Stictis brunnescens is new for North Asia, Stictis radiata is reported for the first time for the Asian part of Russia from the Altai Mountains, Salair Ridge (Altaysky Krai), the Sayan Mountains (Krasnoyarsk Krai), Sakha Republic and Kodar Ridge (Zabaykalsky Krai) as well as additionally recorded from the Kola Peninsula (Murmansk region).

Kubiak, D. & Łubek, A. 2016. Bacidia hemipolia f. pallida in Poland — distribution and ecological characteristics based on new records from old-growth forests. — Herzogia 29: 712–720.

This paper presents 31 new sites for the lichen Bacidia hemipolia f. pallida found in central and north-eastern Poland. An ecological description and the current distribution of the taxon in Poland is presented based on new data and previously published information. At present, the world's largest density of the lichen's sites occurs in large forest complexes of north-eastern Poland. Because of the limited distribution and the affinity with specific forest habitats, the taxon has been submitted to be included on the Red List of the lichens of Poland.

Pykälä, J. 2016. Examination of types of twenty-two species of Verrucaria described by Hermann Zschacke. - Herzogia 29: 721–729.

Specimens from the collections at B and considered as types of twenty-two species of Verrucaria (lichenized Ascomycota) described by Hermann Zschacke from Central Europe were studied. Specimens of three species (V. fuscorubens, V. infidula and V. tiroliensis) may not belong to the type material, which may be lost. Three species were not identifiable (V. adelminienii, V. confusa, V. constricta). The identity of V. bigorrensis remains also uncertain due to the tiny size of the studied specimen. Verrucaria hypophaeodes is synonymized with V. muralis and V. diesparmena with Thelidium fontigenum. Verrucaria erubescens may be conspecific with V. cernaensis. Ten species (V. atroviridula, V. commutata, V. dilacerata, V. endolithea, V. gypsophila, V. harzynica, V. horizontalis, V. langei, V. rimicola and V. transfugiens) are accepted as current names. A lectotype is selected for V. gypsophila.

Rettig, J. 2016. On the occurrence of lichenicolous fungi in East Thuringia. — Herzogia 29: 730–744.

The occurrence of 30 lichenicolous fungi in the area of Gera (Germany, East Thuringia) is reported. In addition few records from the Grabfeld (South Thuringia), Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Hesse are presented. Everniicola flexispora is reported for the first time from Germany. Arthonia phaeophysciae, A. varians, Cercidospora macrospora, C. stenotropae, Dacampia cyrtellae, Hainesia xanthoriae, Intralichen baccisporus, I. lichenicola, Lichenoconium xanthoriae, Polycoccum peltigerae and Stigmidium rivulorum are new to Thuringia. Sphinctrina anglica was found again in Thuringia after more than 140 years. The localities are listed for all species and the fungi are briefly described.

Cezanne, R., Eichler, M., Berger, F., Brackel, W. v., Dolnik, C., John, V. & Schultz, M. 2016. Deutsche Namen für Flechten. — Herzogia 29: 745–797.

Für 2051 in Deutschland nachgewiesene Flechten werden deutsche Namen vorgestellt. Die Verwendung von deutschen Namen in der Literatur vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart sowie die Methode der Namensfindung werden kurz diskutiert. Die deutschen Namen sollen einen Beitrag leisten, das Interesse an der Vielfalt und Besonderheit dieser Gruppe zu fördern und die Kommunikation mit interessierten Laien zu vereinfachen. Zukünftig können damit in Roten Listen, Gutachten und Berichten im deutschsprachigen Raum einheitliche deutsche Namen verwendet werden.

Wang, L.-H., Tsegmed, T., Bai, X.-L., Zhao, D.-P. & Chen, G.-L. 2016. Didymodon rufidulus new to Mongolia. — Herzogia 29: 798–800.

Didymodon rufidulus (Pottiaceae) is reported for the first time from Mongolia. A brief description and digital photographs of the species are provided, and its relationship with some closely related species within the genus is discussed.

Pantović, J., Milanović, Ð. & Sabovljević, M. 2016. Three novelties for the bryophyte flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina. — Herzogia 29: 801–804.

During the field investigation of the bryophyte flora of the National Park Sutjeska (the Republic of Srpska, SE Bosnia and Herzegovina), three new records were discovered. One new moss species (Fissidens serrulatus) and two liverwort species were recorded (Porella arboris-vitae and Cololejeunea rossettiana).

Qasımov, T., Kürschner, H. & Parolly, G. 2016. Three new moss records from the Bozqır yaylası area of Azerbaijan. — Herzogia 29: 805–809.

Three taxa, Aloina aloides, Syntrichia caninervis var. gypsophila and Trichostomum brachydontium (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) are first recorded for the moss flora of Azerbaijan. Bryum capillare, Didymodon acutus, Pleurochaete squarrosa, Pottia lanceolata, Pterygoneurum ovatum, Tortula canescens and Tortula muralis represent new regional records for the wider Bozqır yaylası area.

Górski, P. & Romański, M. 2016. Rediscovery of the rare liverwort Liochlaena subulata (Jungermanniaceae) in Poland. — Herzogia 29: 810–813.

Liochlaena subulata is a rare liverwort in North America and Europe, but relatively common in Asia. In Europe it was reported for the first time in 1969. To date, L. subulata had only one locality in north-western Poland. A new station is situated near the Polish-Lithuanian border in Wigry National Park (north-eastern Poland).

Liška, J. 2016. Czech database of lichen type material. — Herzogia 29: 814–818.

An online database of lichen type material with open access is presented. This project of the Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, covers lichen names of all taxonomic ranks based on material collected on the present territory of the Czech Republic. The search is not restricted to Czech herbaria only; other herbaria important in this respect are also involved. The database includes the name of a lichen with its bibliographic citation. The digitized documentation includes the protologue and the deposited type specimens, i.e. the label with locality, the specimen with all accompanying documentation (e.g. notes by the collector, notes by the author of the name, further revisions) and a detailed image of the lichen in high resolution. Nomenclatural revision was performed and the kind of type annotated. Also further notes are provided concerning lectotypification, exsiccate collections, revisions and comments concerning errors in the protologue. At present, the database includes 592 names of lichens and lichenicolous fungi, almost 1,500 specimens from 19 European herbaria and nearly 4,500 pictures including protologues, specimen labels, specimens as well as detailed images of lichens. The database is accessible at  http://herbarium.ibot.cas.cz.