Trees outside forests (TOF) in India, mainly growing on private land, are the main source of wood in the country for industry and domestic woodfuel. The current growing stock is about 1.616 billion m3. The development and assessment of these resources over the years are shown. The methodology used by the Forest Survey of India to assess the resources at national level is described, as are the results and analysis of the national field inventory and two state-level inventories. These show that there is a knowledge gap regarding TOF resources at the district and state levels. The efforts made by the private sector to promote TOF are highlighted. Policy and legislation play an important role in any development, but rules in many state governments do not favour the growth of TOF resources. This is discussed in detail. Lastly, a set of recommendations is made to promote TOF resources in India.