A commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantitate cotinine, a nicotine metabolite, in the plasma of caged birds exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Birds in smoking households were found to have significantly higher plasma cotinine levels (4.3–37.8 ng/ml) than control birds from nonsmoking households (0–3.6 ng/ml) (P < .001). These high levels of cotinine are similar to those reported in humans with clear evidence of clinical alteration and resultant disease from environmental tobacco smoke.
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1 December 2005
Detection of Cotinine, a Nicotine Metabolite, in the Plasma of Birds Exposed to Secondhand Smoke
Carolyn Cray,
Joy Roskos,
Karen Zielezienski-Roberts
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Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery
Vol. 19 • No. 4
December 2005
Vol. 19 • No. 4
December 2005
Avian
birds
cigarette smoke
cotinine
environmental tobacco smoke
nicotine
secondhand smoke