Wu, H.L., 2020. Protection of water resources in Dongsha Scenic Area of south sea. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 1–5. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

As the scenic spot of Dongsha sea area in Nanhai Sea, it is faced with the situation of coexistence of opportunity and challenge as the scenic spot strategic water source. Firstly, the paper constructs the three objective functions of economic, social and environmental benefits of Dongsha Scenic Area in Nanhai Sea, taking the available water supply, water demand, comprehensive evaluation index of water environment, total water quality and water balance as the constraint conditions, taking the ecological environment benefit, economic and social benefit as the optimization goal to construct the multi-objective coupling model of water resources protection in Dongsha Scenic Area in Nanhai Sea, and solves the multi-objective coupling model of water resources protection by particle swarm optimization algorithm. The results show that the total value of scenic resources in Dongsha Sea area of Nanhai Sea is 80 points. After 2014, the comprehensive development level of the water resources eco-environment system in the Dongsha Sea Area of the Nanhai Sea was above 0, and maintained an upward trend. The comprehensive development level is rising rapidly, and the reduction of main pollutants in the water resource ecological environment in the Dongsha Sea Area of the Nanhai Sea is controlled.

Wu, X., 2020. Economic benefit evaluation of water resources recycling utilization based on analytic hierarchy process. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 6–9. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Due to the backwardness of current industrial production mode and technology and people's lack of understanding of water crisis and other reasons, there are low utilization efficiency and serious waste in the process of using water resources, which aggravates the shortage of water resources. In order to improve the utilization rate of water resources and improve the economic benefits of water resources, an evaluation method of economic benefits of water resources recycling based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed. This paper introduces the theoretical basis of the development of circular economy, analyzes various modes of the development of circular economy of urban water resources, and forecasts the optimal water demand quota or water demand of a certain region in a certain period through the elastic coefficient method of water price. On this basis, the hierarchical structure model is established by using the multi index system of regional water resources recycling, and the directional distance function model is constructed to measure the water resources utilization efficiency reasonably. Finally, the index weight and comprehensive correlation degree are determined based on the analytic hierarchy process to realize the evaluation of economic benefits of water resources recycling. Based on the basic data of water resources utilization in a certain region from 2015 to 2019, this paper evaluates the benefits of water resources recycling utilization, and concludes that the economic development level has a significant positive effect on the water resources utilization efficiency, and the industrial water use efficiency is the main factor determining the water resources utilization efficiency. According to the results, it provides reference for the utilization of water resources.

Ye, Q.Q., 2020. Quality evaluation of ecological restoration of urban water pollution based on analytic hierarchy process. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 10–13. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In view of the problem that the traditional methods cannot comprehensively select the indicators of urban water pollution ecological restoration, which leads to the inaccurate evaluation results of urban water pollution ecological restoration quality, this paper proposes the quality evaluation of urban water pollution ecological restoration based on AHP. Based on the analysis of the current situation of urban water pollution, the comprehensive evaluation index system of urban water pollution ecological restoration effect is constructed based on the multi quantitative method of AHP, and different types of urban water pollution ecological restoration indicators are obtained. The comprehensive evaluation model of AHP is given, the judgment matrix is constructed, and the weight of evaluation index is determined by single ranking of different levels. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation standard of urban water pollution ecological restoration quality is designed to complete the evaluation of urban water pollution ecological restoration quality. Taking the water pollution ecological restoration of a city as an example, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to evaluate the quality of water pollution ecological restoration. The weight of different indicators on the ecological restoration of water pollution can be accurately obtained, and the accurate evaluation results of urban water pollution ecological restoration quality can be obtained.

Wang, J.; Zhou, L.L.; Han, P., and Li, G.X., 2020. The impact of urbanization and LID technology on hydrological effect. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 14–22. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The rapid development of urbanization aggravates the problems of urban rain flood disaster and water environment pollution. In order to effectively solve the above problems, the concept of LID (Low Impact Development) were proposed, studied and applied. This research took Baoshan garden sub-watershed, with significant urbanization in Jinan, China, as the study objective. Firstly, in order to clarify the impact of urbanization on hydrological effect, it was simulated and analyzed with SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) at the time node 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2015, respectively. Secondly, in order to restore the hydrological characteristics to the state undevelopment and improve the water environment, a series of LID technical measures were set in the investigated area. Lastly, in order to test the effect of LID technical measures, SWMM was adopted again to simulate the hydrological effect with the setting of LID parameters. And the simulation results after LID application were contrastively analyzed with the hydrological characteristics before and after urbanization. In conclusion, with the development of urbanization, the investigated area showed growing trend in impervious surface coverage, runoff coefficient, the total runoff volume, peak flow and runoff TSS (Total Suspended Solids) pollutant emission, declined in infiltration capacity, and appeared runoff peak ahead of time. Besides, rational utilization of LID technology could not only restore hydrological characteristics, such as the total runoff volume and peak appearance time, to the level of undevelopment, but also achieve remarkably effective control on runoff TSS pollutant emission. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the prevention and control of rainfall flood, the utilization of rainwater resources, the treatment of water environment and the restoration of water ecology in the urbanized areas.

Wang, J.J.; Shi, B.; Pan, X.Y., and Liu, L.F., 2020. Multi-scale characteristics of precipitation and its relationship with ENSO and AO. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 23–28. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This study aims to reveal the multi-scale characteristics of precipitation and its response relationship with El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Arctic Oscillation (AO) in Shandong province of China. Historical total monthly precipitation data of 21 meteorological stations in the research region from 1961 to 2017 were preprocessed firstly by wavelet power spectrum for analyzing the intensity of oscillations in different time-frequency scales. The results of wavelet power spectrum reveal that the 12-month periodicity was significant of precipitation. Then, the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) was used to analyse the periodicity of precipitation, the precipitation time series was decomposed into 8 IMFs (Intrinsic Mode Function, IMF) and 1 residual, the significance test of IMFs shows that the annual periodicity oscillation is stronger than the interdecadal periodicity. The results reveal that the period of IMF2 was 12-month through the fast Fourier transform analysis, and the periodicity passed the significance test of 99%. Finally, the cross wavelet analysis and wavelet coherence were used to analyse the resonance periodicity and coherence of precipitation with ENSO and AO in different time-frequency scales. The results show that ENSO and precipitation were mainly in negative phase, and the resonance periodicity of 12-month and 32-64 months were strong. Simultaneously, the phase relationship between AO and precipitation is complicated, the resonance periodicity of 12 months was strong too. This research preliminarily explores of the multi-scale characteristics of precipitation in Shandong province of China, which can provide some references for precipitation prediction and water resources utilization in this region.

Wang, Y.P.; Jiang, R.G.; Xie, J.C.; Zhao, Y., and Li, F.W., 2020. Water resources management under changing environment: A systematic review. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 29–41. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Under the influences of climate change, human activities and socioeconomic development, the water resources management (WRM) has become more complex and uncertain. The paper visualizes and quantifies the knowledge base, domain and structure of the WRM using the bibliometric analysis and knowledge map. The visualized knowledge maps are used to investigate the development trend, scientific collaboration, subject categories, core research topics and the newest research fronts of the WRM. 9028 publications on the WRM were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection databases for the period of 1990-2018. Results indicated that the research on the WRM maintained an increasing trend for the past 29 years. China contributed the most publication, and Germany cooperated the most with other countries/regions, which were two active contributors of the WRM research. The co-word analysis and burst detective analysis of keywords showed that climate change and ecosystem were the research hotspot of the WRM knowledge base. The co-occurrence analysis and burst detective analysis of subject categories found that the Environmental Sciences & Ecology and Green & Sustainable Science & Technology were the core direction of the WRM knowledge domain. Solving the practical problems through model simulation was the core of the WRM knowledge structure under the changing environment using the cluster analysis and document co-citation analysis. It is suggested that the WRM managers should take the sustainable and adaptive development as goal, ensure the health and integrity of the ecosystem, integrate stakeholders into the WRM, which should help to make the WRM more adaptable under changing environment.

Cui, X.P. and Xu, Y.K., 2020. Trade-offs between water environmental protection and development - Empirical evidence from China's ecological function zone system. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 42–47. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This paper takes the ecological function zone system arrangement as a starting point, discussed the ecological environment effect of the ecological function zone system and its impact on economic development and public services, and further judged the effectiveness of the ecological function zone system. We find that the ecological function zone system does not well compensate the costs incurred by local governments to abandon development for improving the environment. The more economically underdeveloped areas, the more urgent the local government's trade-off between “environmental protection” and “benefit.” Failure to obtain effective compensation will not only force these areas to constrainedly develop industries, and will also lead to a deterioration in the quality of the ecological environment.

Xiong, W.J., 2020. The way to improve the consciousness for water resources protection of Chinese college students. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 48–53. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Waste and pollution of water resources have always been a hot issue of social concern. In recent years, governments of all countries have been increasing their efforts in water resources protection legislation. Taking China as an example, the government has formulated strict water resources protection laws to control water resources pollution, but the results are not very good. The research of this paper is carried out under this background. This paper studies the college students, a group widely existing in China, hoping to let this group participate in the protection of water resources. This paper puts forward many methods, which have been proved to be of significance in theory and practice.

Xu, R. and Wang, W.B., 2020. Spatiotemporal evolution and impacts of ecological efficiency of Zhongyuan Urban Water Agglomeration from the perspective of social network. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 54–57. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This paper firstly takes the 30 cities in 5 provinces of Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration as the research objects, and constructs the SBM-DEA ecological efficiency calculation model. By introducing the ‘ideal’ index sequence, the efficiency of each city is calculated from 2003 to 2017, and time-spatial evolution regularities is analyzed. An empirical study on the impacts of ecological efficiency of each city is carried out by using Tobit model with panel data. The results show that: (1) the overall efficiency of Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration continues to improve, but the gap between its members continues to widen; (2) degree centrality, betweenness centrality, industrial structure, urbanization rate and intensity of innovation have positive impacts on ecological efficiency, while closeness centrality has a negative, and intensity of foreign capital utilization has no significant impact.

Xue, T.L.; Wang, S.Z.; Han, F., and Sun, D.H., 2020. Anti tracking technology of urban water supply pollution source based on water quality monitoring. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 58–61. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In view of the poor accuracy and robustness of pollution source tracking in water supply network due to exogenous sudden pollution accidents, this paper proposes the research on anti tracking technology of urban water supply pollution sources based on water quality monitoring. The auxiliary graph theory model of the pipe network is constructed, the shortest flow path between any two nodes is calculated, the pollution matrix is constructed, the minimum coverage monitoring point set under multiple coverage is obtained, the minimum coverage node number is obtained by greedy algorithm, and the optimal layout model of online water quality monitoring points is established. By constructing a simulation-optimized pollution source anti-tracking model, using the PSO-ACO fusion algorithm to search for thresholds, solving the simulation-optimizing pollution source antitracking model, and realizing water supply pollution source antitracking. Experimental results show that the researched pollution source anti-tracking model has high robustness, and can track pollution sources quickly and accurately under adverse factors such as hydraulic errors and experimental errors.

Li, J. and Cao, B., 2020. Water pollution load forecasting model in rural tourism area based on wavelet decomposition. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 62–66. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

How to embody the difference of the short-term prediction principles of different pollutant discharge units has been the research focus of short-term prediction of pollution load. Therefore, a short-term prediction model of water pollution load based on wavelet decomposition is proposed. In this paper, a short-term forecasting model of water pollution load between administrative unit and rural tourism area is established, which adopts entropy weighting Gini coefficient method to embody the principle of equity short-term forecasting at the administrative unit level and the pollution performance method to embody the principle of efficiency short-term forecasting at the enterprise level. This short-term load forecasting method not only embodies the characteristics of fair and efficient utilization of environmental resources, but also takes into account the coordination of administrative unit in environmental protection and socioeconomic development. Based on the statistical yearbook of a province and the pollution survey data of a city, the model is applied to short-term load forecasting for the situation of large population, concentration of industrial pollution sources, serious shortage of water resources and serious excess of water pollution in this area. The method can be used as a reference for short-term prediction of water pollution load in different pollutant discharge units.

Cao, J.N., 2020. Spatial vulnerability analysis of marine water resources pollution in urban socioeconomic context. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 67–71. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In view of the low accuracy and long time consuming of traditional methods for analyzing the spatial vulnerability of marine water resources, this paper proposes an analysis method for the spatial vulnerability of marine water resources under the socio-economic background of city. According to the selection principle of evaluation index of marine water resources pollution spatial vulnerability, the evaluation index of marine water resources pollution spatial vulnerability is determined; the evaluation index system of marine water resources pollution spatial vulnerability is established; the normalized processing method is used to process the data in the above-mentioned evaluation index system of marine water pollution spatial vulnerability, and entropy difference calculation is introduced. On this basis, the Bayesian network method is used to construct the spatial vulnerability assessment model of marine water resources pollution, and the spatial vulnerability characteristics of marine water resources pollution under the urban socio-economic background are analyzed. The experimental results show that the accuracy of extracting the spatial vulnerability index of marine water resources pollution is the highest, which is about 98%, and the evaluation time is about 2 s.

Yan, Y.; Han, Y.; Zhang, P.H., and Wang, H.F., 2020. Water quality detection based on FCN and embedded system. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 72–76. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In this paper, the convolutional neural network (CNN) based on deep learning is applied to embedded systems. After summarizing the shortcomings of traditional algorithms, the image processing technology of full convolutional neural network (FCN) is adopted to study a method for online water quality measurement, which solves the key problem of image recognition. In view of the complex nonlinear characteristics of water quality related data, the full convolutional neural network is used to train water quality data, determine the mapping relationship between input and output, and input the obtained relationship into the embedded system to form a water quality detection system, so as to quickly and efficiently detect water pollution. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the predicted grade and the measured grade of water quality in the test area can be as high as 90%.

He, C. and Yan, G.J., 2020. Path selections for sustainable development of green finance in developed coastal areas of China. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 77–81. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The study of green finance is not only of great theoretical significance, but also of great policy value. In recent years, green finance has developed rapidly in China's eastern coastal areas. In this paper we made a systematic summary of progress in the field of China's green finance from the perspective of policy design and practices, and find out the factors restricting the development of that finance. On this basis, we explored feasible policy suggestions to further enhance the vitality of the green finance market, which would also help to accelerate the promotion of that finance from developed coastal areas to the whole country.

Wan, Z.H. and Zhu, D.Y., 2020. Smart decision-making systems for the precise management of water environments. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 82–87. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the increase in global population and the continuous development of societies and economies, the demand for water and the amount of wastewater produced have been increasing. How to precisely monitor and manage water environments is an important challenge facing countries worldwide. In this paper, we first review and summarize the current development status and main problems facing the construction of smart water environment systems. We then explain key technologies such as big data, the Internet of Things, and cloud computing used in the construction of smart water environments, including their technical principles, applications, and development trends. Finally, we build a smart decision-making system for the precise management of the water environment and propose a general framework for the construction of the system. Through the construction of an Internet of Things and cloud computing platforms, and the simulation of the water quality analysis model, the entire process of real-time monitoring, precise pollution control, and smart management of the water environment are realized. This paper provides a theoretical basis for scientific supervision, applications, and decision-making with regards to water environments.

Zhang, L.G.; Yi, K., and Zhang, D., 2020. The Classification of Environmental Crisis in the Perspective of Risk Communication: A Case Study of Coastal Risk in Mainland China. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 88–93. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This study explores the classification of environmental crisis in order to improve the policy maker, public's environmental literacy, boost to the individuals' perception of complex scientific information on coastal crisis in the case of Chinese coastal problems. It investigates how to classify the environmental crisis on the dimension of crisis source, crisis form, crisis information diffusion, crisis assessment, crisis response. An ANP method was conducted to collect interviews data to evaluate the coastal crisis.

Yang, H.X.; Chen, X., and Chen, L.P., 2020. Teaching improvement in studio on feasibility study of sewage disposal project. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 94–100. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The major of environmental engineering is to train applied interdisciplinary talents, the feasibility study ability of project is the core that management specialty students must master. How to improve the project assessment ability to sewage disposal projects, and promote the teaching methods of studios are common concern of teachers and students. Based on the studio teaching mode of the existing sewage disposal project, this paper investigates the satisfaction of the student in studio and does an analysis with the PLS-SEM. The reliability and validity of questionnaire data were verified by SPSS statistical analysis. Through the analysis, the paper built a model and made parameter estimation by PLS 2.0 software. According to the result of a comprehensive evaluation, the perceived quality was found to have the strongest correlation with satisfaction. Finally, some suggestions for improvement of the studio teaching were given.

Peng, H.T., 2020. Translation of hydrogeological environment texts in the process of marine natural environment management on the high seas. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 101–105. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

At present, the sustainable use of biodiversity and biological resources has received wide attention, among which the importance of marine environment protection and governance on the high seas has been widely recognized. Although many countries are involved in relevant international treaties or agreements, the high seas, as an area outside their national jurisdiction, still have many problems with its environmental protection and governance, and environmental pollution on the high seas is becoming more and more serious. Under such circumstances, speeding up the process of the management of the marine natural environment on the high seas from the international level is not only conducive to the long-term solution of related problems, but also conducive to safeguarding China's rights and interests in the management of the high seas environment and building a community of human destiny in the marine environment. In this process, it is necessary to carry out hydrogeological environment survey of polluted sea areas, and to do a good job in translating hydrogeological environment texts is the basic work to avoid ambiguity and disputes, which is very important to promote the sustainable development of marine resources on the high seas.

Qu, Y.J. and Liu, H., 2020. The basic problem of contemporary water resources environment research: translation and analysis from the English practice report on water resources. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 106–110. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Water resources have become an important resource for people's life and production, and with the rapid development of modern economy and society, the problem of water pollution and shortage is becoming more and more serious. China has a large land and a large population, and the amount of water resources per capita is difficult to meet people's real needs. Therefore, combined with the importance of water resources, strengthen the basic problems of environmental research on water resources, not only to strengthen the use and development of water resources, but also to do a good job of sewage, water conservation environmental protection strategies. To achieve the ecological environment and economic development can be balanced and healthy development. With the concept of “scientific, rational and sustainable development”, the research and analysis of water resources environmental protection should be carried out, so that the specific details of the work can be put into practice, so as to effectively protect the water resources environment and realize the maximum benefit of water resources. The study of water resources environment in the English practice report on water resources also clearly proposes to solve its basic problems.

Zhang, B., 2020. The social benefits of water sports events and their impact on environmental pollution. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 111–115. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In today's society, sports events have become the focus of attention, occupy an important position in the sports industry, while bringing economic and social benefits. The social benefits of sports events play a positive role in the development of local society, and the effect of sports events is determined to a great extent according to social benefits. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and study the social benefits of water sports events, an important branch of sports events. In addition, water sports events are bound to have a certain impact on the environment, cannot be ignored, so this paper will also study the impact of water sports events on environmental pollution. According to the definition of social benefits and related factors, the social benefits of water sports events are analyzed and the positive effects of water sports events are analyzed. Through systematic analysis and combing, for the future development of water sports events put forward relevant views, while the environmental protection of targeted measures to improve social benefits at the same time, to ensure that the environment is not broken, to achieve a win-win situation.

Wang, J. and Huang, A.L., 2020. “Bird's Nest” and “Water Cube” venues after the use and water environmental governance research. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 116–120. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Olympic venues are a kind of iconic buildings, during the event, has received unprecedented attention, has become the focus of the world. How Olympic venues are used after games is often a huge problem. Due to the government's early investment in the Olympic venues, post-match management and operation is very important, once the problem will face heavy economic pressure. The number of venues for the Beijing Olympic Games is large and distributed in different regions. In this paper, after the game of the bird's nest, water cube as the object of study. Analysis of post-match operation and environmental governance, through analysis and combing of operational problems and countermeasures, while paying attention to environmental governance problems, put forward targeted recommendations.

Zhang, Q.S.; Zhou, X.D.; Guo, B.; Bao, Y., and Wang, Q., 2020. Development potential discussion of agricultural water ecosystem in China using the specific surface area method. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 121–124. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The study of landscape pattern is the main content of landscape ecology. The landscape metrics method is an important method to study landscape pattern and is widely used landscape ecology. In the process of its calculation, landscape patches are regarded as planar existence. However, the actual landscape and its patches are all three-dimensional, and the calculation using only the plane will ignore some features of the landscape, so that the calculation results may be biased. Therefore, in order to restore the three-dimensional characteristics of the landscape, this paper tries to introduce the method of calculating the specific surface area of the landscape in order to add a new, more accurate method for the study of landscape pattern. The results show that the specific surface area of farmland is the largest and its effect on the ecosystem is the most significant. At the same time, if the height of patch type (such as buildings) changes, the specific surface area value will change accordingly, and the importance of each plaque will also change. However, the results calculated by the landscape index method cannot reflect the corresponding changes.

Nie, Y., 2020. Marxist economics of the function of ocean natural environment system. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 125–129. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

At present, with the accelerating pace of urbanization in China, the relationship between population, natural resources and ecological environment is becoming increasingly tense, and the natural environment of our country is deteriorating. Marxism, as the philosophical theory followed by our country and our Party, has a very important guiding role in analyzing the present situation and dilemma of our country's natural environment and proposing corresponding solutions. Based on Marxist economic theory, this paper analyzes the natural environment of our country, and discusses the close relationship between the two, hoping to enrich the relevant research.

Yao, Y.Y., 2020. Water environment protection and utilization based on the perspective of marxist ecological theory. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 130–135. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

According to the problem that the use and development of water resources cannot be lack of ecological protection as a basic idea to ensure the goal of protecting the ecology and saving water. Therefore, in order to better study the environmental protection and utilization of water ecology, this paper makes a simple discussion on the sustainable development and utilization of water resources based on the background of ecological environment protection and the Marxist ecological theory, in the theory and algorithm of water footprint On the basis of the research, the current status of water ecology in a county town and the utilization of water resources were studied. It was found that the local water resources utilization rate was low and the water ecological environment pollution was serious. Specific suggestions were put forward from the perspectives of water resources management and water ecological management. For the reference of relevant personnel. After research, it is proposed that the establishment of the overall framework of the water ecological compensation mechanism to rationally develop and utilize water resources, and increase the intensity of sewage treatment can help the sustainable development and utilization of water resources. This has a theoretical and theoretical basis for revealing the root causes of China's ecological crisis. Practical significance.

Jia, B.F., 2020. The promotion of the protection of rural water eco-environment by new news media. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 136–141. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

As the country's economic development has gradually reached a higher level, the ecological environment and water resources environment have received the attention of the whole society. In addition to the pressure from rapid economic growth, population growth and other issues have also put some new pressure on the ecological environment, especially in remote rural areas. How to solve environmental problems is a key issue that urgently needs social attention. With the development of economic globalization, people began to pay attention to news from all over the world. At the same time, the attention and influence of the general public has become unprecedentedly strong. Therefore, in this era, the media can play a very important role in promoting and guiding, which is very important in solving rural environmental problems. In this case, a good news environment may bring a better water environment. On the basis of discussing the problems existing in rural water ecological environment management, this paper analyzes the responsibility of news in rural water environmental protection, discusses the improvement measures of rural water environment and the interaction and promotion of news media and rural water environment ecological protection.

Geng, M.Y.; Hong, L.; Ma, K.X., and Wang, K., 2020. Evolution of urban public space landscape in Tianjin port city. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 142–146. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

As a civilized ancient city with long history, Tianjin have attracted and integrated many cultures and customs into a unique “Tianjin style” culture. This paper systematically analyzed the regional and cultural ecology development of Tianjin, based on historical evolution. Such development is unique for its cultural exchange and invasion by foreign cultures. The study on the continuation mechanism of Tianjin's urban public space landscape provides a better understanding of the evolution patterns of urban public space landscape. In Tianjin, foreign cultures competed and collided with Chinese traditional cultures and eventually formed a blended cultural style of Tianjin. “Tianjin style” public space absorbed both Chinese and Western cultures and integrated features of both Northern and Southern China. Therefore, it is unique for its combination of diversified cultures.

Wang, L.N., 2020. The design of the membrane structure of sports stadiums has a saving effect on water resources. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 147–150. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Water is an important resource for human survival, with the rapid development of modern society, the phenomenon of water waste is particularly prominent, some areas lack of water resources, people's lives and regional economic development has brought great trouble. In view of this situation, strengthening the management of water conservation has become an urgent priority. At the same time, all walks of life in the production and life should also carry out water conservation management concept, save water resources, to avoid unnecessary waste, strengthen the centralized treatment and reuse of sewage, to ensure that the utilization rate of water resources can be improved. In the process of the construction and design of the membrane structure of sports stadiums, we should also consider all aspects of factors and strengthen the management of water conservation, which can ensure the sustainable and healthy development of water conservation management. This paper analyzes the contents of water conservation management in depth, hoping to provide effective reference value for workers in different industries.

Guo, P., 2020. Sustainable development of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics Zhangjiakou Stadium under the concept of ocean ecological environment. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 151–155. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Sustainability is an idea promoted and developed in today's society, as is the case with international sporting events such as the Olympic Games. The IOC focuses on environmental sustainability and adopted a document at the 127th plenary session focusing on sustainability. The sustainable development of the Olympic Games is reflected in many aspects, mainly environmental governance, stadium construction and post-match utilization and so on. This paper studies and analyzes the sustainable development of the 2022 Winter Olympics venues after the Games, so as to put forward a substantial construction opinion on the 2022 Winter Olympics.

Yang, W.X.; Hu, Z.X.; Lei, H.C., and Li, B.D., 2020. Numerical simulation study on the microphysical processes of Typhoon Wipha using a new moisture conditioning method. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 156–159. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the non-static mesoscale model ARPS (Advanced Regional Prediction System), by using the NCEP/ NCAR global final analysis data, and the global surface and sounding data under MICAPS (Meteorological Information Comprehensive Analysis and Process System) assimilated in 4 dimensions as the initial field and lateral boundary conditions, the initial moisture field is adjusted according to the surface accumulated rain of each 6 h, and the triple nested simulation is conducted to produce 3 dimensional high time -spatial (Wipha) are analysed. The results are significant for understanding the cloud structure and the precipitation forming mechanisms of the Typhoon storm. It is found that the ice phase microphysical processes are the key storm mechanisms in different periods. The melting graupel confirms that the rain is the most important mechanism. The intensity of the production of graupel varies in accordance with the Typhoon.

Bai, X.; Zan, Y.F.; Luo, X.F.; Huang, K., and Guo, R.N., 2020. Position loss risk analysis of dynamic positioning systems of semi-submersible drilling units by considering time-varying failure. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 160–165. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Position loss risk analysis of dynamic positioning (DP) systems is essential for the operation of semi-submersible drilling units. Traditional risk analysis methods ignore the probability of equipment failure with time-varying, which may result in inaccurate analysis. In this study, fault tree analysis was combined with the continuous-time Bayesian method based on the D-vine copula model to analyze loss of position (LOP). The D-vine model decomposition method was used to calculate multiple two-dimensional copula correlation measures for determining the system reliability with time and for calculating the effect on the occurrence of LOP. The key aspects of LOP were analyzed from the perspective of the variability of equipment at the time of failure. The results can provide a crucial reference for the maintenance of the DP system.

Yang, X.; Wang, J.; Weng, S.G.; Hou, M.; Zhang, X.Y., and Wang, T.S., 2020. Establishment of Design Hyetographs of 24-hour duration using a bivariate Gumbel-Hougaard copula. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 166–171. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Design hyetograph with a given return period and selected combinations of rainfall depth, peak intensity and duration, is widely used in engineering design. Recent hydrologic studies on multivariate stochastic analysis of extreme rainfall event have shown that these variables related to design hyetograph are partially correlated, and that copulas perform well for multivariate problems. Therefore, the main aim of the study is to develop a new method using Gumbel-Hougaard copula to construct design hyetograph. Firstly fixing the rainfall duration and rainfall return period, then the pairs total rainfall depth-the corresponding peak can be determined using a specified conditional risk probability, finally the dimensionless hyetograph is scaled to fit the specified design total rainfall depth and the corresponding peak. Shenzhen (China) was chosen for case study, and T-year (50-yr, 100-yr, 200-yr) design hyetographs of 24 h duration were discussed. The proposed method provides an effective rule to optimize the choices for the design hyetograph variables.

Guo, W.; Xu, G.H.; Shao, J.; Ouyang, S.; Du, T.; Wang, K., and Bo, H., 2020. Simulation of flood process based on the model of improved barrier lake's gradual dam break model. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 172–177. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This paper considers coupling the formula proposed by the Railway Research Institute and Xie Renzhi's gradual dam break model, and puts forward an improved barrier lake's gradual dam break model. After simulating the dam break flood of the “11.3” Baige barrier lake in Jinshajiang basin, it is found that the simulation results are similar to the measured rise duration and post-peak duration, and the error range does not exceed 5%, and the pre-peak and post-peak water discharge is less than 15% compared with the actual measurement. The practicality of the proposed model is verified by this example, and it can be used for the rapid calculation of the dam break flood.

Peng, T.; Qi, H.X., and Wang, J.C., 2020. Case study on extreme flood forecasting based on ensemble precipitation forecast in Qingjiang Basin of the Yangtze River. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 178–187. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The ensemble precipitation forecasting provides a new idea for flood forecasting. The ensemble forecasting takes into account the uncertainty of initial field and model. A set of forecasting results can be obtained by inputting the ensemble precipitation forecasting products into hydrological model, which can avoid the limitation of single deterministic numerical forecasting results. Taking the typical flood process of Qingjiang Basin in June 2016 as an example, the flood forecast experiment was carried out based on the ensemble precipitation forecast products. Firstly, the flood forecast model was built on the Xin'anjiang hydrological Model, and the ensemble precipitation forecast of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) was estimated and used to drive basin flood forecasting model. The results show that the 51 members of ECMWF ensemble forecast can better capture this rainstorm process, the cumulative precipitation and precipitation process for 72 hours is close to the observation. The precipitation ensemble forecast drive the hydrological model, and can provide more precipitation forecasting information than deterministic forecasting. Moreover, it enriches the input information of hydrological model, to estimate the range of the peak flood discharge and the arrival time of flood peak. Therefore, we can get a probability of flood occurrence in different amounts level through the frequency analysis of flood peak, solves the problem of the accuracy of the single forecast result, and transforms the single deterministic accurate forecast into the probabilistic forecast, which can better meet the demand of risk information for flood control and disaster reduction.

Liu, X.L., 2020. Key technologies of reinforcement of submarine optical fiber communication engineering based on low power sensor network. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 188–191. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Due to the traditional method neglecting the control of the radiation energy of the submarine dark signal, and the loss caused by the measuring device is not removed in the process of measuring the heat loss of optical elements, the result of optical fiber communication engineering reinforcement is not ideal. The key technology of submarine optical fiber communication project reinforcement based on low power sensor network is proposed. The ionizing radiation damage effect of CCD is analyzed. The dark signal of CCD is measured and the dark signal of CCD is increased by bias irradiation. On this basis, the uniform sea bottom temperature model is constructed by using low-power temperature sensor network to solve the heat conduction equation of the optical elements on the seabed, so as to realize the reinforcement of the submarine optical fiber communication engineering. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the ideal reinforcement effect of submarine optical fiber communication engineering by measuring the heat loss of submarine optical elements with high precision and reducing the damage of components, which provides a reference for the further development of submarine optical fiber communication engineering.

Cui, L.; Zheng, X.B.; Ji, M.Z., and He, X., 2020. Numerical study of the influence of u-shaped walls on energy capture property of OWC wave energy devices. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 192–197. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In this paper, a two-dimensional numerical wave flume has been established based on the incompressible viscous fluid theory and by using STAR-CCM + software, verifying the convergence and accuracy of the numerical flume. By building a numerical model for the interaction between waves and U-OWC devices, this paper studies the influence of each major control parameter on the wave energy capture efficiency of U-OWC wave energy devices. The research results show that the height of U-shaped walls has a great impact on the wave energy capture efficiency of the devices and that proper U-shaped wall height can enhance the wave energy capture efficiency; the distance between the U-shaped wall and the anterior wall of air chamber as well as the inclination of U-shaped walls also have a large effect on the hydrodynamic property of the devices, and appropriate distance between the U-shaped wall and the anterior wall of air chamber and correct inclination of U-shaped walls can increase the wave energy capture efficiency of U-OWC devices to a certain extent.

Liu, Y.M.; Cui, Y.Q., and Yu, B.L., 2020. Zaihoum threshold of credit risk contagion within enterprise groups. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 198–202. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In view of the fact that the assessment of group credit risk is more difficult and complex than that of general enterprises due to the complex and concealed relationship within the enterprise group, and that the structural relationship among the members of the enterprise group is consistent with the scale-free network structure, the mechanism of credit risk contagion within the enterprise group is analyzed by applying grey theory and probability theory under the scale-free network structure. The research shows that the contagion threshold of credit risk within an enterprise group is related to the maximum contagion capacity of the member companies within the group. The stronger the maximum contagion capacity, the smaller the contagion threshold, the more likely the credit risk is to be contagious among the members within the group. The contagion threshold of credit risk among members of a group is independent of the size of the group.

Sun, M.; Zhang, J., and Guo, Y.Y., 2020. Anonymous identity authentication scheme for VANETs. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 203–209. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The application of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is of great significance to traffic optimization and traffic safety. The network security of VANETs becomes the key to restrict the development of VANETs. In this paper, we propose an anonymous authentication scheme for VANETs, in which we avoid using certificates in the authentication process between the RSU and the vehicle. This identity-based authentication scheme solves the problem of certificate storage and management in the authentication protocols based on the public key infrastructure(PKI). In our scheme, the system key isn't stored in the roadside unit (RSU) or the tamper-proof device (TPD) of the vehicle like some other schemes. When the RSU communicates with the vehicles, the local key generated by the RSU is used to sign the transmitted message, so that even if the local key of the RSU has been leaked, the security of the entire system will not be affected. And the RSU can update the local key to improve the security of the communication. The scheme uses timestamps in authentication, key agreement and message signing, which effectively avoids replaying attacks. The analysis shows that the proposed scheme can satisfy the security and privacy requirements of VANETs. The message authentication computation costs and communication overhead are improved.

Zhang, Y.X.; Li, T.Y.; Li, B.; Zhang, J.; Wang, R.J.; Jiang, L.R., and Diao, X.H., 2020. Fault detection method of AC charging pile in coastal cities based on Kalman filtering algorithm. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 210–215. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Aiming at the problems of AC charging pile fault detection, such as large amount of iterative calculation and low ability of fault classification, it is difficult to adapt to the practical application environment. The fault detection method of AC charging pile in coastal cities based on Kalman filter algorithm is studied. Through data fusion, algorithm fusion and other methods, the information related to the working state of AC charging pile is obtained from many aspects, and then integrated. The advantages of different fault diagnosis algorithms can improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis results; the fault tree analysis algorithm is introduced into Kalman filter algorithm to improve the modeling accuracy and efficiency of AC charging pile nonlinear model, and the relationship coefficient between the performance vector variation of the whole AC charging pile and its components is analyzed, so as to solve the problem of different times of the same model and different service life of the same AC charging pile. In order to improve the accuracy of component health parameter estimation results in hardware and software design, the fault detection of AC charging pile in coastal cities is realized. The simulation results show that the final output of the charging system is more scalable and the success rate of fault detection is higher. This method has good practical application effect in coastal cities and has strong applicability.

Xia, B.B.; Li, G.; Cui, L.; Lin, L.; Zhang, J.T.; Liao, H.Q., and Deng, Y., 2020. Method for online high-precision seawater dissolved oxygen measurement based on fast digital lock-in algorithm. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 216–222. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Online dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements play a significant role in modern ocean aquaculture and environmental monitoring. This paper proposes a novel optical method based on fast digital lock-in algorithm (FDLIA) for achieving online high-precision DO measurement, where fluorescence lifetime detection is converted to phase detection. The factors affecting phase measurement accuracy are identified via error analysis and simulations; the proposed optimized FDLIA can achieve high-precision phase detection in simulations. In the development of DO probe, one 12-bit digital-to-analog converter is used to generate a 5 kHz sinusoidal signal as the excitation signal and two 12-bit analog-to-digital converters are used for synchronous sampling. The phase of the sampled fluorescence and excitation signals are then demodulated separately through the optimized FDLIA. Finally, the DO concentration was calculated by the phase difference. The actual measured values show that relative error less than ±1.5% and relative standard deviation below 2%. Moreover, the hardware is simplified and the performance requirements of the microprocessor is reduced significantly compared with the traditional phase detection method. The method presented here can be a workable reference for online DO measurement or other similar optical measurements.

Wang, J.B.; Cao, X., and Zhu, J.Y., 2020. Mechanism of “liquid state” of emerging technology innovation network based on case analysis of coastal cities. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 223–228. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

When the innovation system is on the “edge of chaos”, the innovation ability is significantly enhanced. Combined with the evolution theory of emerging technologies, the development trajectory of emerging technologies is analyzed, and the formation mechanism of the “liquid state” of the innovation network is deeply studied. A case study was carried out by collecting coastal cities patent data of self-driving cars, and the method of combining patent citation analysis and social network analysis was used to verify the technical characteristics and knowledge flow characteristics of the emerging technology innovation network - the “liquid state” network.

Su, Z.X.; Zhang, G.X., and Xu, L., 2020. Water environment management evaluation approach based on IFPWA operator under intuitionistic fuzzy environment. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 229–233. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Water environment problem has great effect on sustainable development. Considering the fuzziness of mankind thinking as well as the complicacy of the objective world, this study establishes evaluation method under intuitionistic fuzzy environment. Firstly, by using IFPWA Operator, the evaluation information of all evaluation indexes is aggregated. Secondly, intuitionistic fuzzy entropy is applied for calculating the weights of every index. Thirdly, an evaluation method of water environment management is established by using IFPWA Operator with intuitionistic fuzzy information, where a transfer equation introduced to transform the intuitionistic fuzzy number to score is proposed. Finally, a practical example for rural water environment performance evaluation is applied to certify the feasibility and effectiveness of the method that has been proposed.

Zhao, L. and Liu, B.B., 2020. Influential factors for the development of public sector information re-use industry in China. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 234–239. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the help of existing research achievements and practical experience of western countries, the article establishes a model by combining the industrial characteristics. The article takes quantitative analysis and sets 21 observation variables to find out the key factors affecting the development of China's PSI re-use industry. As a result, PSI supply, enterprises' PSI value-added re-use capacity, demand conditions and government policy are the essential factors, in which the former two have greater influence, reflecting the level of value-added re-use for PSI and government policy is more influential than demand conditions. Besides, these four factors can interact each other and form a system to affect the development of the industry.

Wang, L.L. and Xiao, W.W., 2020. Detecting critical nodes of marine region network using K-core method. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 240–244. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Nowadays, expanding the space of the marine economy and establishing smoother and closer ties with the world's marine regions are important measures to develop the marine economy. Different marine regions and their intricate relationships form a network, through the study of which we can learn about the relationships and their structures. The critical nodes in the marine regional network with strong value-capturing capability serve to not only give full play to the advantages of the marine regional network but also further optimize the structure of the network. This paper proposed a method for construction of the marine region network based on marine industry linkage and used the K-core method to detect the critical nodes of the marine region network. Empirical results demonstrated that the method for construction of the region network model and the measurement indicators of region network structure designed in this paper were scientific, reasonable and operable.

Ma, Z.; Ma, Y.; Huang, X.H.; Zhang, M.J.; Liu, Y.X., and Su, B., 2020. Enhancing information hiding capacity in image interpolation based steganography scheme. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 245–250. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Information hiding using image interpolation was first introduced by Jung and Yoo in 2009, where one original image is expanded to by neighbor mean interpolation, and this expanded image is called cover image. The secret information can be then hided into those inserted pixels in this cover image, where the image with embedded secret information is called stego image. Recently Yang et al. adopt OPAP and LSB substitution in image interpolation, and construct a new data hiding scheme. This new data hiding scheme can improve stego image's quality of Jung-Yoo's work. However, the approaches of LSB and OPAP substitution are vulnerable with RS detection, which causes a serious secure problem. In this work, we construct a new image interpolation based information hiding scheme by using GEMD and RGEMD information hiding methods. The combination of GEMD (RGEMD) and image interpolation could not only resist RS detection, but also improve stego images' quality from Yang et al.'s scheme.

Qi, X.F. and Ye, Y.F., 2020. Optimization for improved accuracy of material type identification in hydraulic metal structure. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 251–254. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering, the material of metal structure is very important to the safety of the engineering, so it is necessary to improve the identification ability of metal materials. With the aim of improving the accuracy of eddy current technology for metal species identification, this paper proposes a metal type identification model based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture. After data were collected from iron, 201 stainless steel and 304 stainless steel using an eddy current probe at eight random frequencies, the data were processed to generate images for CNN training and testing. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed model has a positive effect on the metal identification process.

Li, P.Z.; Zheng, Y.B., and Luo, L., 2020. An ANN based optimization algorithm for diffracted laser beam shaping. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 255–260. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

To overcome the lack of flexibility in laser beam shaping in current industrial applications, a new improved artificial neural network algorithm for diffracted laser beam shaping is proposed. Aiming at the existing problems in laser beam shaping, the Unet neural network algorithm is improved from the label image and convolution operation. By clarifying its training and application steps, the improved neural network algorithm is pre-trained firstly and then formally trained (full training). The result shows that the UNet neural network algorithm can gradually realize the laser beam shaping with the spatial light modulator and find the mapping relationship between the input image (phase diagram) and the output image (laser contour diagram).

Guo, J.J., 2020. Design of adaptive marine network intrusion detection and dynamic defense system. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 261–265. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The shipping network plays an important role in the world's import and export trade, which is easy to be invaded and directly affects the shipping trade between countries. Therefore, it is very important to protect the intrusion effectively. In this paper, we design an adaptive intrusion detection and dynamic defense system. The neural network is used to build the mathematical model of neuron, the learning and training is used to change the network connection weight and topology structure of the sample, so that the output of the network is constantly close to the expected output, the back propagation model of multilayer feed forward network error is built, and the weight of the network system is adjusted until the output error of the network is reduced to an acceptable level, and BP (Back Propagation) is used at the same time The input layer, the hidden layer and the output layer of the propagation neural network are used to train the ocean transportation network, to complete the intrusion detection, and the data packets sent by the attacker are directly shielded by the access control module according to the results, so as to realize the dynamic defense of the intrusion. The simulation results show that the system can effectively detect and defend the intrusion behavior of the outside world, at the same time, the system has a high robustness and a wide range of applicable environments.

Li, Y., 2020. The fuzzy evaluation method of coastal enterprise's assets based on EVA evaluation model. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 266–270. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

As a comprehensive asset evaluation, enterprise value evaluation is a process of judging and estimating the overall economic value. However, with the continuous development of market economy, modern society has put forward more and more requirements for enterprise value evaluation theory. This paper proposes a fuzzy evaluation method for coastal enterprise's assets based on EVA model. The EVA valuation model is constructed by data variables, the model variable data is analyzed, and the variable analysis results of the valuation model are compared with other valuation models. Based on the three commonly used valuation methods of original value valuation, replacement value valuation and discount value valuation, as well as cost evaluation method, production capacity depreciation method, cost-benefit method and replacement value method, the fuzzy method theory and comprehensive evaluation method are adopted to realize the assets evaluation of coastal enterprises. The experimental results show that the proposed method is highly applicable and can accurately evaluate the assets of coastal enterprises.

Jing, C.L., You, X.F., and Xia, T., 2020. Control method based on sensor data for stable walking of a biped robot under port environment. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 271–275. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In spite of great improvement of walking ability after the merging of various walking techniques, there still exists a large gap between a biped robot and a person. In particular, under some complex environments such as port, the development and perfection of the control theory based on the detected sensor data are of great significance to achieving ideal walking ability for the robot. In this study, the detected sensor data are merged into the established dynamic model, and then, both the force and the moment of the connecting rod are accurately calculated for programming actual ZMP trajectory. Further, the data are sent to the slave computer for robot control, thereby enhancing the walking stability. The present simulation results prove that the biped robot can successfully realize stable walking.

Huang, Y.; Sheng, Y.H.; Min, X.Q.; He, Y.F., and Chen, P., 2020. Numeric simulation of suspended sediment transportation during dredging of harbor basin. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 276–280. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Maintaining the safe water depth of the harbor basin is important to ensure the safety of ships, while dredging is the major method to accomplish this task. However, the dispersion and transportation of suspended sediment during the degrading process, may change the seawater quality. This research utilizes the 2D tidal flow model and 2D sediment numerical model to simulate the distribution of suspended sediment during dredging, and then analyzes the influence on the nearby sea area. The major conclusions can be summarized as follows: (1) the equivalent roughness method can simulate well in the research area; (2) the dredging in Xiazhi Harbor basin has limited influence on the seawater quality. When the increased Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) reaches 10 mg/L, the impact distances of both flood current and ebb current are 1.66 km and 0.99 km, respectively; (3) since the tidal dynamic is stronger at the ebb current, the suspended sediment diffusion at this period is more significant, and has less impact on the water quality. Thus, it is recommended to dredge the harbor basin during ebb current.

Chen, S.D. and Liu, Y., 2020. Migration learning based on computer vision and its application in ocean image processing. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 281–285. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Transfer learning is commonly used in computer vision, we want to apply it on visual question answering. We build up a QA pre-trained model to extract QA features from different source datasets and finally find the optimal pre-training for next experiments. We select LSTM model as our QA pre-train model since LSTM could fit different length of questions and has the same structure as our baseline model. We also do experiments on VQA baseline with LSTM+CNN model and pre-train + CNN model on different scales of datasets to find out the effectiveness of transfer learning. We figure out that baseline + pre-train models with different features have different influence. At last, we build up a VQA model with attention mechanism to combine QA pre-train features and image pre-train features, and studied its application in ocean image processing.

Chen, B. and Li, J., 2020. Smart health management framework for maritime communication system. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 286–290. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Health management engineering can achieve health assessment, prediction and maintenance for maritime communication system to give power maritime communication ability. Basing system health management theory, health management architecture consisting of data acquisition, health assessment, fault diagnosis, intelligent decision and interface system is set up and then a comprehensive with whole-process and all-members health engineering is illustrated. Introducing cloud computing and Internet of things, smart health management is presented. Taking Internet of things as fundamental structure and cloud computing as platform architecture, the frame of smart health management for maritime communication system is formed. Thus, the smart health management framework is built with hierarchical application structure according to health requirement and business of maritime communication system. Two parts, cloud client and cloud platform are involved in the framework. Cloud client is both the user and provider of health services while cloud platform can manage and schedule cloud resources uniformity. An application instance with typical case is present last to explain the framework built. The purpose of the research in this paper is to translate technology and resources in smart health management system into maritime Communication benefits.

Xi, X.N., and Zhang, H.G., 2020. The logic and mode transformation of water environmental management legal systems in the big data era. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 291–295. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With deteriorating eco-environment, it has gradually become the priority of modern social development to manage environment, which is closely related to not only the establishment of legal systems in our country, but also correlative specific law enforcement. China has made significant achievements in the past several decades with respect to environmental management due to its constant exploration, which, however, still can't match up to the goals of environmental protection. In the big data era, there're diversified research methods in allusion to legal management of environment. Legal systems in our country are now flourishing and the difficulty of environmental management is also that of the implementation of Chinese environmental law, to solve which it's required to discuss current situations of environmental management with the systematic logic of legal enforcement set as the entry point.

Shi, H.B. and Niu, D.H., 2020. Application research of virtual reality technology in ocean environmental art design. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 296–301. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the progress of the information age, many scientific and technological products have changed people's lives. In the field of environmental art design, the emergence of computer technology and realistic simulation technology has broken the traditional environmental art design mode and accelerated the environmental art design scheme and its application based on virtual reality technology. This paper introduces realistic simulation technology and its practical application and probes into the profound impact brought by realistic simulation technology in the specific design process of environmental art design so as to provide some inspirations on ideas of environmental art design. The paper suggests the designers to lower the cost of the project design to a certain extent, avoid artificial design error, improve quality and efficiency of environmental art design, and most importantly enhance the resource utilization rate of the environment art design projects and then improve the economic benefits of substantial project in operation process. In addition, it is worthwhile to promote such technology in relative industries.

Dong, C.H.; Zhang, M.; Yang, H.M., and Xu, X.B., 2020. Evaluation of slope safety using the pignistic probability-based analysis method. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 302–307. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

On the basis of the slope stability analysis using the pignistic probability-based analysis method, considering the characteristics of dynamic change of parameters under the actual working conditions, an indoor model was built. The pignistic probability-based analysis method was suitable for the uncertainty working conditions caused by the fact that soil material parameters changed with water level and other conditions in the reservoir bank slope stability analysis, and the analysis results were consistent with the monitoring results. This study can provide a reference for other laboratory model tests of slope and a new solution for large slope stability analysis.

Shao, Q., 2020. Dynamic optimization of emergency water resources truck logistics stowage based on joint distribution. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 308–312. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In order to improve the efficiency of logistics transportation path planning in emergency water resources scheduling and effectively alleviate the water crisis in the target area, a dynamic optimization method of emergency water resources truck transportation logistics stowage based on joint distribution is proposed. According to the prediction results, the network emergency water resources joint distribution mechanism is designed, the optimal parking location of vehicles is selected, the emergency allocation is carried out under the minimum fuel consumption, and the vehicle routing of multiple distribution centers is designed to realize the dynamic optimization of emergency water resources automobile transportation logistics loading.

Wang, J., 2020. The legal system and legal issues of marine environmental governance in the age of big data. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 313–316. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

China's marine environmental laws and regulations have mainly shown the characteristics of high principle and low rules for a long period of time, thus causing them not to play their full role in dealing with environmental problems. The application of relevant information under big data is of great significance for the active completion of the country's environmental governance objectives, and also helps to establish and improve the system of national and local interactive and cooperative environmental laws and regulations, realize the basic concepts and basic principles of environmental law rule design, at the same time, in the construction and improvement of the basic system of environmental law plays an important role. In the era of big data, the model of Chinese environmental law research sample method is in a co-existence state. In addition, the main reason for the successful application of big data in the study of environmental law in China is that many scholars in China have a clear understanding of the research on the relevance of big data and environmental law in China, and have clear principles and basic requirements for the application of big data programs in the study of environmental law in China.

Wang, X.L.; Gan, Y.Z.; Lian, M.K.; Bi, B.W., and Tang, Y.J., 2020. Identification of risk sources of abnormal driving vehicles of expressway in port city. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 317–321. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The analysis on abnormal driving vehicle is to identify the key factors of vehicle driving warning in Highway, by analyzing the factors that lead to the abnormal driving state of the vehicle, identify the key indicators in the vehicle driving safety of expressway, and provide theoretical support for the research of vehicle abnormal driving early warning. Based on the analysis of 8791 highway traffic accidents in China from 2012 to 2016, through the improved grey correlation analysis, the correlation degrees of vehicle braking state, deflection state, deviation state and traffic accidents of expressway are 0.4061, 0.0352, 0.2836 respectively; Set the probability level range of traffic accident under risk as 1-5, Selecting the cause of abnormal driving state risk of Expressway vehicles by risk probability index method, the risk probability indexes of speeding, fatigue driving, not keeping safe distance and special weather conditions are 25, 5, 5 and 5 respectively; The risk probability indexes of drivers overtaking illegally, changing lane illegally and failing to let the car in accordance with the regulations are 10, 5, 5 respectively; The risk probability indexes of tire burst, driver overload and improper steering are 6, 5, 4 respectively.

Zhang, S.Y. and Cui, R.Y., 2020. Logistics efficiency network spatial structure based on coastal city Shandong. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 322–327. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

As modern logistics can effectively promote regional economic development and enhance regional competitiveness, evaluating the efficiency of regional logistics industry can help to make a reasonable spatial layout and resource allocation, and better play the role of the logistics industry as a driving force. To reveal the current situation and spatial characteristics of logistics efficiency in Shandong Province, the super-efficiency DEA model is used in this paper to analyze and evaluate the logistics efficiency of 17 cities in Shandong Province in 2017. On this basis, the efficiency network space model of logistics industry in Shandong Province is further constructed to fully investigate the structure and functions of efficiency network of logistics industry in different cities. Then, the collaborative development of logistics industry in each city is analyzed by calculating the spatial structure characteristics of efficiency network G of logistics industry in Shandong Province and the relationship mode between each node city in the network. This research can provide policy reference for strengthening communication and cooperation of logistics industry among cities in Shandong Province and promoting coordinated development of logistics industry.

Tang, J.W. and Wang, C.F., 2020. Comprehensive evaluation of safety risk of air traffic management system based on matter element model: Take the air traffic management unit of a coastal city in China as an example. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 328–332. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The safety risk of air traffic management system will have a direct impact on the safety operation of air transportation industry. On the basis of systematically analysing the various influencing factors of the safety risk in air traffic management system, the evaluation index system of safety risk was constructed. By using the Matter element analysis theory, the multigrade Matter element evaluation model about the safety risk was established. The empirical research shows that the Matter element analysis theory can make full use of the information of evaluation indicators to reasonably evaluate the safety risk level of air traffic management system.

Wang, X.F. and Yang, F., 2020. A location-routing problem with market competition for designing inland port urban delivery network. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 333–338. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

To effectively design an inland port urban delivery network for a logistics company, a nonlinear integer programming model for the location-routing problem with market competition (LRPMC) is presented. This problem seeks to construct an efficient logistics network to provide flexible and high quality delivery service for customers, so as to minimize operation cost, and maximize market shares. The logistics company can simultaneously provide two flexible delivery services: home delivery and customer pickup, and its market shares captured can be deduced from the patron behavior in competitive market. To solve the model, a hybrid heuristic algorithm combining genetic algorithm and local search is proposed. Based on the computational performances of real-world instance, the results show the proposed model formulation and heuristic approach are effective.

Wu, C., 2020. Optimal route planning for windward sailing based on biobjective programming. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 339–342. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Sailing on the sea is a complicated process, which is affected by the changes of natural environment, such as ocean current, wave and wind, and directly determines the advance speed of sailing on the windward sector, thus affects the choice of the best sailing route for sailing ships. Firstly, the paper puts forward the assumption of ship allocation model for double-target route, discusses the dynamic principle of sail board, analyzes the force on sail board when it is running, and obtains the optimal wind direction and sail angle through the theoretical calculation of the optimal route in the upwind segment, and analyzes many factors affecting the route selection. The experimental study shows that the sailing value varies greatly when sailing against the wind, which indicates that any change of wind direction will affect the sailing state of the sailboat.

Yu, S.S.; Zhang, D.Y.; Wang, S.F.; Wang, G.J.; Wang, G.; Yue, Q.J., and Li, G., 2020. Field monitoring of offshore wind turbine foundations in ice regions. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 343–350. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The offshore wind turbine foundation typically has a slender and flexible structure. Because of the uncertainty of ice load and ice-induced vibration, the structural characteristics may lead to many unclear risks. At present the research on the interaction between offshore wind turbine structures and sea ice is relatively scarce, and lack of measured data. In this paper, based on comprehensive field monitoring (FM) for ice zone offshore wind turbine foundations in the Northern Yellow Sea, information about the interaction between sea ice and the structures, and the structural vibration response was obtained. The results show that the ice load acts on the wind turbine foundations in the form of dynamic, and the risks of ice-induced resonance may cause an obvious dynamic magnification on the top of the wind turbine foundation. The modified ice force period model supplemented the reference for the wind turbine foundation design and operation in ice regions.

Zeng, Z.; Luo, Y.; Chen, Z.J.; Tang, J.J.; Wang, Y.H., and Chen, C.H., 2020. Impact assessment of thermal discharge from the Kemen power plant based on field observation and numerical simulation. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 351–361. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The impact of the Kemen Power Plant thermal discharge on temperature rise in the ambient waters in the Luoyuan Bay was studied using field observation and numerical simulation. The scope of influence, indicated by the maximum temperature rise envelope curves during the observation period, was determined through field measurements of water temperature in the study area. The measurements revealed that the surface water with temperature rise diffused along the shoreline to the upstream and downstream of the power plant after the thermal discharge entered the sea. The longitudinal diffusion distance along the direction parallel to the shoreline was significantly longer than the transverse diffusion distance along the direction perpendicular to the shoreline. The area with the maximum temperature rise was near the outfall. Under the field conditions given in this paper, the surface seawater temperature rise varied from a maximum of 10 °C near the outfall to 0.5 °C at a distance of 600 m from the shore. Temperature rise was mainly observed in the surface water, and the scope of influence rapidly diminished vertically with minimal temperature rise in the waters 3 m below the surface. Meanwhile, a 2-D tide field mathematical model and a thermal discharge diffusion model were developed to simulate the diffusion process of the power plant thermal discharge in the sea area. A comparison of the simulated results obtained under the same conditions as the field measurements showed that the established numerical model can effectively reflect the temperature diffusion of the thermal discharge, as well as the scope of full-tide maximum temperature rise at typical tide phases. Therefore, the numerical model of thermal discharge described in this paper can serve as a powerful tool to predict the impact of thermal discharge from power plants.

Lian, Z.; Wei, Z.X.; Wang, Y.G.; Zhu, Y.H., and Wang, X.Y., 2020. Tidal current and energy flux in the Bohai Strait (China) based on multi-month in-situ observations. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 362–370. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In order to provide a more accurate knowledge for the tidal current and tidal energy flux in the Bohai Strait, current data from two in-situ mooring stations in Bohai Strait with durations up to about 8 months have been analyzed. The result shows that the tidal current is of mixed type, with M₂ constituent being dominant and K₁ constituent being the second largest in the Bohai Strait. The strong current does occur in the northern Bohai Strait, but its velocity is not as large as we previously expected. The vertical and temporal variations of M₂ and K₁ harmonic constants are also reported in this paper. At both stations, the tidal energy fluxes of four principal constituents are all toward the Bohai Sea, with a maximum M₂ flux density exceeding 60 kW/m at the northern station. The total tidal energy fluxes across the Bohai Strait are as follows: M₂, 3.65 GW; S₂, 0.38 GW; K₁, 0.45 GW; and O₁, 0.18 GW. The in situ observations show that the existing models basically agree with observation but certain adjustments are necessary.

Yi, M.; Mo, L., and Shen, Q., 2020. Study on generation scheduling of cascade hydropower stations based on SAPSO. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 371–378. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the reduction of energy and the reform of China's electric power system, it is of great help to develop clean energy such as hydropower to ease the lack of energy. Many methods are studied to solve the reservoir optimal scheduling problem, such as particle swarm optimization (PSO). In order to solve the premature problem and slow convergence of traditional PSO, simulated annealing particle swarm optimization (SAPSO) is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is improved by adding shrinkage factor and combining with simulated annealing algorithm. Establishing the maximum generation model, and SAPSO algorithm is used to optimize the power generation scheduling of four and ten hydropower stations. The case study shows that the application of SAPSO to solve the short-term optimal scheduling problem of cascade hydropower stations has achieved satisfactory results in effect and rationality. It provides a reliable method for the optimal operation of cascade hydropower stations.

Shen, Q.; Mo, L., and Liu, G.J., 2020. Hybrid optimize method for multi-objective scheduling of hydropower stations with coupled power generation, navigation demand and ecological benefit. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 379–384. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

As power station dispatching faces higher comprehensive utilization requirements, power generation benefit cannot be ignored for river basins with navigation and ecology requirements. In this paper, the Shuibuya Hydropower Station is adopted as the engineering background, and a multi-objective optimization model with power generation, navigation and ecology as the objectives is constructed. The RSEA algorithm is adopted to obtain a scheme set. By comparing the typical schemes, changes in power generation have less impact on navigation and ecology. The optimized benefits can be sacrificed at the expense of a small part of the power generation. In the model calculation, a large weight coefficient should be allocated to the power generation, and the optimal solution set is still obtained. The result can provide reference for how to balance multi-target weight coefficients of similar hydropower stations.

Li, L. and Hong, Y.F., 2020. Application of water circulation electric heating system in energy-saving treatment of floor heating. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 385–389. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In the heating process of the current heating system, the temperature fluctuation range is large, the heating stability is poor, the heating power consumption and the heating cost are high, and the application research of the water circulation electric heating system in the energy-saving treatment of floor heating is proposed. This article takes AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer as the core, uses LCD, system clock, input/output parallel interface 8255, keyboard circuit, watchdog circuit, actuator and alarm circuit to realize the system hardware design. Using modular programming method, the system application program is divided into program modules, using assembly language programming, designing program modules, and realizing system software design. The system uses nano-material heaters and uses single-chip microcomputers to perform parameters such as water temperature, water level, and room temperature. Detection and protection of over-temperature, water shortage and electric leakage. Taking the single building of the green farm house experience center as an example, the research results show that the temperature fluctuation of the main indoor room heated by the water circulation electric heater system designed in this paper is small, the heating system heating stability is good, and the heating can be effectively reduced Power consumption, reducing heating costs.

Liu, H.P., 2020. Water supply policy in the field of view of Marx's philosophy. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 394–397. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Since the general layout of the “five-in-one” of socialism with Chinese characteristics was put forward, the construction of ecological civilization has become more and more prominent, and the construction of ecological civilization has risen to a new level. Among the components of ecological resources, water resources occupy a very prominent position and role, so the construction of ecological civilization system has become the focus of research. This paper focuses on the research on water supply policies under Marx's philosophy in M City, and analyzes the impact of each policy on the carrying capacity of water resources. Under the condition of ensuring the rational allocation of water resources, this paper makes a rational suggestion and opinion on the water safety of M city and promoting the scientific development of economy by exploring the policy affecting water resources and discussing its role and significance.

Li, J.J. and Zhao, L.F., 2020. Game analysis of hydropower bidding under incomplete information. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 398–401. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In this paper, the law of price formation in hydropower market is explored from the perspective of incomplete information, in order to realize the research objectives of determining the reasonable electricity price by designing a fair online competition mechanism of electrical energy to effectively restrain the market power of power plants. The game analysis on spot market shows the volatility and uncertainty of on-grid price under the change of market demand. The analysis of actual cases proves that the selection of different auction mechanisms by power grid will affect the selection of competition strategies by power plants, thus further affecting the balanced development of on-grid price.

Li, J.J. and Zhao, L.F., 2020. Hydropower price prediction with the nonparametric statistics regression model. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 402–405. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Predicting the Hydropower price is facing more challenges due to the market-based reform of China's electric power industry, and the commonly used prediction models cannot ensure accuracy and usability at the same time. Considering the rapid development and application of the nonparametric statistics theory, this paper attempted to use the nonparametric model to predict the on-grid price. Firstly, the nonparametric regression is used to fit the price curve and obtain the optimal kernel function. Secondly, the semi-parametric time series method is used to estimate the on-grid price. According to the prediction analysis of the PJM level price in the United States, nonparametric estimation has notable advantages in various prediction indexes compared with the linear regression estimation method and the grey model prediction method. The nonparametric model is not only convenient to use, but also widely applicable to the long-term and short-term prediction of different power markets.

Xing, T.T.; Shen, J.L., and Meng, Z., 2020. Fault diagnosis of marine wind turbine gearbox based on new technology of compressed sensing. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 406–409. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In order to solve the problems of high failure rate and inaccurate fault location of wind turbine gearbox, a new fault diagnosis method of offshore wind turbine gearbox based on compressed sensing technology is proposed. By analyzing the main failure modes of transmission mode and gear of wind turbine, a new compression sensing technology is proposed. Combined with the method of multi-mode state recombination, the dynamic compression and reconstruction results of fault data are adaptively distributed. The fuzzy clustering distribution model of the data was established, and the least square programming algorithm was used to obtain the optimal planning function of gear fault diagnosis, so as to realize the gearbox fault diagnosis of wind turbine. Experimental proof: The results of circuit status of wind turbine are accurate, which provides a reliable basis for the diagnosis of subsequent gear faults. The new compression sensing technology can ensure a high gear fault reconstruction rate.

Nie, X.T.; Wang, Y.H., and Wang, B., 2020. Quality control of water conservancy construction projects considering contractor's credibility. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 410–414. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This paper studies the decision-making on quality supervision and the issue of retaining quality margin of the owner in different situations of available information within a construction supply chain composed of both the owner and the contractor of water conservancy projects. Based on the influence of the credibility level of the contractor in varying situations of information availability and by drawing from the principle of maximum value as well as the game theory, we have analyzed the relationship among the level of quality supervision, the amount of retained quality margin, and the quality credibility level with different information. Through our analysis, we aim to help owners avoid moral hazards by contractors as well as the latent risks and potential losses. The study helps to improve the quality supervision by owners and achieve the win-win outcomes for both owners and contractors.

Nie, X.T.; Liu, C., and Wang, B., 2020. Inverted normal quality gain-loss function and its application in water project construction. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 415–420. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

As the existing quality gain-loss function is not able to solve the boundless problem in engineering practice, an inverted normal quality gain-loss function is proposed. This function is based on the characteristics of inverted normal function. Considering the variable situation of the quality compensation, the hyperbolic tangent compensation quality gain-loss function is established, and in which a quality gain-loss function with larger-the-better characteristic and smaller-the-better characteristic is designed. In view of the interaction between the characteristics of product quality, a multivariate quality gain-loss function model is also established. Through empirical analysis, the gain-loss function model is proved to be feasible.

Lin, Y.G. and Yang, W.H., 2020. Analysis of the current situation of the development of sports tourism water projects in the natural environment of Poyang Lake. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 421–424. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The development of sports tourism water sports projects in the natural environment of Poyang Lake has been widely concerned in recent years, and has great potential for development. Of course, sports tourism water projects also face a lot of problems, such as water project development type is relatively single, not integrated into the local national cultural characteristics, the duplication rate between development projects is very high, for the surrounding tourists are not attractive and so on. This paper studies the development of poyang lake sports tourism water project, conducts in-depth anatomy of local problems, promotes the development of poyang lake ecological civilization tourism has a very important significance and guidance role, in order to speed up the development of the local tourism economy of Poyang Lake and local ecological civilization harmonious coexistence, explore the development of sports tourism under the natural ecological environment of the new model.

Wang, M.; Wu, Z.; Peng, C.; Fan, Q.Q.; Fu, B.; Ouyang, S.K.; Wang, Y.; Wan, D.F., and Yu, X.N., 2020. Delta sedimentary model of Shanxi Formation in Qingyang Gas field, Ordos Basin. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 425–434. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Qingyang gas field is a new exploration tight sandstone gas field in the southwest of Ordos Basin, with characteristics of thin production layer, low physical property of reservoir, Shan 1 member is the main production layer. Based on the analysis of field outcrop observation, core drilling and logging data, the Shan 1 member is divided into three sublayers according to cycle characteristics. Based on stratigraphic division, the sedimentary environment, sediment source and sand body distribution characteristics are defined through mineral petrology analysis, grain size analysis, sedimentary facies marker research and Paleogeomorphology restoration. The controlling factors of high-quality reservoir development were analyzed on the basis of comprehensive sedimentary analysis and structural recovery. During the deposition of the Shan 1 member, the meandering river delta is developed, and the sand body is distributed from southwest to northeast. Four main river channels are developed in the study area. The reservoir is mainly developed in the river bed residence, point bar of delta plain and the mouth bar, underwater distributary channel of delta front. Most of high productivity gas wells are distributed in the updip part of the slope. Sedimentation determines the spatial basis of reservoir formation, structural evolution controlling the migration and accumulation mode and the type of gas reservoir in the stage of hydrocarbon accumulation. The overlapping area of sand body development and the updip part of the slope is the favourable area for the gas reservoir.

Liu, B.L.; Yang, L.; Liu, Y.R.; Lei, Z.D.; Chen, X.B.; Wang, K.; Li, J.; Guo, X.F., and Yu, Q., 2020. Main factors for the development of ultra-low permeability reservoirs. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 435–439. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Clarifying the main factors for ultra-low permeability reservoirs is the prerequisite to proposing reasonable development methods based on their characteristics. In the research, consider the characteristics of ultra-low permeability reservoirs have been taken into consideration comprehensively and reservoir characteristic parameters have been optimized based on reservoir physical properties and percolation mechanism; factor analysis has been adopted to extract the main factors underlying the reservoirs; on the basis of clear reservoir characteristic main factors, the research determines the type of ultra-low permeability in combination with the K-means clustering method, and the main controlling factors of various types of reservoirs. The research was based on 100 ultra-low permeability reservoir blocks and found that the characteristics of ultra-low permeability reservoirs can be expressed by 4 main factors, namely, saturation factor, expansion factor, formation factor and flow factor. Different types of ultra-low permeability reservoirs are characterized by different main controlling factors. Based on the results of this research, this method can effectively determine the main controlling factors for various types of ultra-low permeability reservoirs, and clarify the characteristics of various types of ultra-low permeability reservoirs so as to provide a scientific basis for guiding the production and development of ultra-low permeability reservoirs.

Liu, B.L.; Yang, L.; Chang, Y.W.; Liu, Y.R.; Wang, K.; Li, J.; Guo, X.F., and Wei, Q., 2020. A correction method of Tong's chart for ultra-low permeability reservoirs. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 440–444. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

To obtain a suitable tong's chart for ultra-low permeability reservoir is an important means to evaluate its development effect. Based on the classification of ultra-low permeability reservoir blocks, this paper revises the standard Tong's curve proportion coefficient of various blocks, and draws charts of ultra-low permeability reservoir including theoretical Tong's chart, the theory chart of water cut rise rate and water cut, the theory chart of water storage rate and water cut, and predicts the recovery rate and water injection development effect of various blocks evaluation. The results show that the theoretical charts drawn by the modified proportional coefficient offers a more accurate recovery prediction and evaluation on waterflooding effect evaluation of ultra-low permeability reservoir block.

Xu, G.; Liu, J.H.; Song, X.Y.; Tan, M.T.; Ren, H.W.; Li, D.N.; Tan, Y.H.; Huang, L.M., and Li, G., 2020. Diel rhythm in photosynthetic performance of phytoplankton assemblages is predicted to be light-dependent from in situ and mesocosm chlorophyll fluorescence. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 445–454. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Marine physical and chemical changes caused by the ebb-and-flow of tide are well known to influence phytoplankton photophysiology; while it is unclear whether such changes affect the diel rhythm of phytoplankton photosynthesis. The diel changes of photosynthetic performance of phytoplankton assemblages were comparably explored from in situ and from two mesocosms in Daya Bay, northern South China Sea. The in situ Chl a content varied daily from 1.4 to 16.7 µg L^-1 during the study period, but with a limited diel variation. The maximum photochemical quantum yield of Photosystem II (F_V/F_M) decreased from morning to noon, then increased till dusk, and maintained steady all night except for a sudden increase before next sunrise. Diel changes of electron transport efficiency (α) coincided with that of the F_V/F_M in daytime, but not in nighttime. The absorption cross section for photochemistry of Photosystem II (σ_PSII) varying from 4.1 to 7.7 nm^-2 showed a similar diel change as that of the F_V/F_M. Diel changes of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), saturating irradiance (E_K) and maximum relative electron transport rate (rETR_max) mirrored the change of solar irradiation, with the highest and lowest values occurred at midday and midnight, respectively. The σ_PSII in surface and 3.5 m layers showed similar diel change pattern and had insignificant difference between the σ_PSII values. Moreover, all the photosynthetic parameters (i.e., F_V/F_M, σ_PSII, NPQ, α, E_K and rETR_max,) from in situ showed the same diel change patterns as those from mesocosms, indicating the influence of tide-induced physical and chemical changes is limited. These results indicate that the diel rhythm in photosynthetic performance of natural phytoplankton assemblages is mainly available-light dependent.

Liu, F.; Wu, Y.H., and Zeng, L., 2020. Swimming characteristics of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 455–464. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Swimming characteristics of phytoplankton are significant to understand the mechanisms underlying various ecological phenomena in waters, such as harmful algal blooms. Swimming characteristics of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in still and flowing fluids were investigated by experiments and numerical simulations, respectively. Experimental results show that C. reinhardtii swims isotropically in the horizontal plane and prefers swimming upwards in the vertical direction. Typical values of three characteristic parameters are obtained for swimming of C. reinhardtii in the still water, including the mean swimming speed (106 µm·s^-1), the time scale for cells' reorientation (10.8 s) and the rotational diffusivity (0.05 rad²·s^-1). The relationship of the mean swimming velocity, translational diffusivity tensor and horizontal vorticity are also given by solving the Fokker-Planck equation. The monotonic and oscillatory asymptotic behaviors are found to exist in the cells' reorientation in the weak and strong vorticity fields, respectively.

Li, J.P.; Cheng, D.M.; Zhao, A.D.; Liu, S., and Xuan, H., 2020. Effects of cascading hydropower dam operation on benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages and sediments in the Lancang River. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 465–472. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The operation of cascading hydropower dams may have complex and long-term effects on river ecosystems, where benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages and sediments are indicators of changes in dynamics. This study investigated how cascading hydropower dams in the middle and lower reaches of the Lancang River in China affect benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages and sediments. Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages and sediments were sampled in the Manwan and Dachaoshan cascading dams in 2016. The structure and distribution pattern of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages, and heavy metal and nutrient pollution in sediments were analyzed. The benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages were mainly composed of species from Oligochaeta, Mollusca, and Insecta. Corbicula fluminea (Mollusca) was the most dominant species. The potential ecological risk index of heavy metals was higher in the upstream of the Manwan dam (M1-M3), while nutrient pollution in sediments was higher in the downstream of the Dachaoshan dam (D1-D3). The correlation analysis revealed that the density of Mollusca was significantly correlated with heavy metal pollution in sediments, while the density of Oligochaeta was significantly correlated with nutrient pollution in sediments. Hence, the operation of cascading hydropower dams has significant accumulation effects on benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages, and heavy metal and nutrient pollution in sediments, in river ecosystems.

Zhou, B.J. and Zhang, H., 2020. Pb (II) biosorption using biomass of green algae. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 473–477. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Lead (Pb) pollution in water refers to the severe issue about the environment globally, and sorption using biomaterial is a viable method to remove lead in aqueous solutions. The work used the biomass of green algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosae) to investigate how temperature, contact time, biomass dose, pH, and initial Pb (II) concentration affect the biosorption of Pb (II) were investigated. At pH 5.5 and 30°C after 150 min, the largest retention efficiency of Pb (II) had been observed at 100 mg/L of Pb (II) in 100 mL solutions with 1.0 g biomass. Besides, the Langmuir isotherm equation was used to obtain the maximum biosorption of 74.6 mg/g. The equilibrium data matched the Langmuir isotherm model well. Kinetics studies revealed the pseudo-first-order model applicable in the bio-absorption processes of Pb (II) using the green algae biomass. Study indicated biomass of the green algae was an efficient biosorbent for Pb (II).

Wang, G.F.; Fang, Y.; Li, X.N., and Xue, J.P., 2020. Influence of water flow velocity on the formation of algae-induced odorous black water agglomerate. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 478–485. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Flow velocity is the most basic and intuitive factor to characterize hydrodynamic conditions. In this study, the formation characteristics of algae-induced odorous black water agglomerate under different water flow velocities were observed and analyzed, by simulating the dynamic process of water flow in Taihu lake. The experiment lasted for 20 days. The results revealed that the increase of flow velocity had different effects on the stinking and blackening of water. With the increase of the flow velocity, the concentration of Dimethyl trisulfide, an odorous matter, decreased sharply, and the concentration of β-ionone increased slightly. In terms of water blackening, compared with the flow velocity of 5∼6cm/s, the water flow velocity of 1∼2cm/s did not influence the anaerobic reduction environment of water, but promoted the formation of sulfide and the dissolution of Fe²⁺, accelerated the formation of blackening causing substances, and aggravated the water blackening. Low water velocity would be a key factor to promote the occurrence of the algae-induced odorous black water agglomerate and could be used as a warning factor.

Wang, J.P.; Liao, H.L.; Huang, H.P.; Zhang, R., and Sun, Q.Q., 2020. Discussion on the process of nitrification and denitrification by combining laboratory culture with dual isotope method in Lianhua River and Reservoir, Southeast China. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 486–491. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

As an indispensable part of water ecological nitrogen cycle, nitrification and denitrification play a crucial role in the process of nitrogen retention and release in river ecosystem. In order to certificate the nitrification and denitrification potential of surface water and sediment in different seasons and explain biogeochemical effects of nitrogen in a longitudinal gradient from upstream to downstream, we used lab culture and dual isotope tracing methods in Lianhua River and Reservoir, southeast China. The results show that the main sources of nitrate pollution in water body were NH₄⁺ fertilizer, NO₃^- fertilizer, soil nitrogen, manure and waste water. Nitrification and denitrification processes mainly occur in sediment in river system. The potential ammonia nitrification rate (17.143∼171.429 µmol.m^-2.h^-1,) is significantly higher than that of nitrite oxidation rate (0.052∼2.267 µmol.m^-2.h^-1) which indicates that the biomass of AOB (Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria) in sediment is higher than that of NOB (Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria). Agricultural headwater river with relatively high organic nitrogen and low water level during winter dry season provides rich source of organic carbon and the anaerobic environment. Therefore, denitrification is more likely to occur in winter than in other seasons. Whereas, compared to the total potential nitrification rate (17.148∼173.223 µmol.m^-2.h^-1), total potential denitrification rate (2.224∼51.555 µmol.m^-2.h^-1) is not the dominant process especially in spring and summer, which illustrates that high nitrogen of the upstream water could cause certain potential risk to the eutrophication for the downstream of the reservoir.

Zhu, M.; Zhao, L., and Ren, H.E., 2020. Comparative analysis of extraction methods of coniferous sheet cell contour. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 492–496. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Plank contour extraction is the precondition of plank material identification work, accurate extraction of contour can improve the precision of the plank material identification, the experiment selected pinus massoniana plate cell image, using chain code method, Roberts, Sobel edge detection operator edge detection operator, Prewitt edge detection operator, Krisch edge detection operator, gauss Laplace operator control experiment analysis, experiment results show that the contour extraction method of Krisch edge detection operator on soft wood cell contour extraction effect is ideal, enhance the credibility of the subsequent experiment plank cell recognition.

Liu, R.N.; Lin, Y.W.; Ye, X.D.; Wan, S.; Xu, G.D., and Li, Y.F., 2020. Mixed enzymes on sequential biofuel productivity in an anaerobic digestion system of molasses wastewater. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 497–503. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In anaerobic system, the garbage could promote the biofuel production enzymes produced from PR consumer organic waste containing multi hydrolytic enzyme activity. A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) was used to treat molasses wastewater for hydrogen and ethanol production in this study. To achieve maximum energy conversion in the anaerobic digestion system, six addition proportions of garbage enzymes (APE=0, 1:20, 1:15, 1:10, 1:5,1:4) were investigated. The result showed the maximum of volatile suspended solids was 29.34 g/L and chemical oxygen demand removal rate up to 90.18% respectively were obtained at optimum enzyme dose of APE=1:10. The hydrogen production rate(HPR) and ethanol production rate(ERP) were proportional to the APE at relative excess substrate concentration, and under ethanol fermentation, HPR and ERP reached maximum value of 0.67mol/d and 0.27 mol/d with the highest content of 49.56% and 41.73%, respectively. But the system production rate exhibited a non-linear correlation with the APE. This study demonstrated that enzymes acted synergistically with hydrogen producing microorganisms and could help maximize energy recovery efficiency.

Yang, Z.Y. and Xia, S.Y., 2020. The effect of exercise fluid supplement on human metabolism after load exercise. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 504–507. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Objective: In the process of load exercise training, with the discharge of sweat, the loss of water and electrolyte will destroy the balance of water and salt metabolism, and the athletic ability of athletes will also decline in varying degrees. Therefore, this paper studies the effect of exercise fluid supplementation on human metabolism after load exercise. The average value of the ionic concentration of athletes' sweat was used as the basis for the preparation of electrolyte sports drinks. Result: The results showed that the concentration of potassium ion in the sweat of male long-distance runners was significantly higher than that of female athletes; the concentration of potassium ion in male athletes of Sanda Team was significantly higher than that of female athletes; the test results of sodium, chlorine and potassium ion of long-distance runners were higher than that of Sanda athletes; Compared with the first week, the concentration of sodium, chloride and calcium ions in female athletes' serum increased in the fourth week, while the potassium ion concentration decreased slightly. Conclusion: After three weeks of load exercise, with the supplement of sports drinks containing appropriate electrolyte concentration, the concentration of serum chloride ion of athletes remained stable, slightly lower than that of the first week, but both were within the normal range; daily supplement of liquid supplement containing potassium ion and calcium ion had a slight decrease in serum potassium ion, and the decrease range was smaller than the former, and the calcium ion concentration was maintained compared with the first week During the period of load training, 800 ml of fluid was provided to athletes every day. After 3 weeks of rehydration, hematocrit remained stable, and there was no significant difference.

Chen, C., 2020. Microbiological test and evaluation method of drinking water for sports athletes. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 508–511. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The drinking water of sports athletes was collected and real-time PCR was used, QPCR, filmplate TM Salmonella, filmplate TM E.coli O157 and enzyme substrate method were used to quantitatively detect pathogenic microorganisms (Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli O157) and coliforms in the drinking water of sports athletes, and the health risk level of drinking water was evaluated with Escherichia coli as the index. It is helpful to accurately understand the pollution level and disinfection effect of pathogenic microorganisms in water, and provide scientific basis for risk assessment of pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water of sports athletes.

Gao, S.; Sun, H.H.; Ma, M.S.; Lu, Y.Y.; Cao, G.X.; Zhao, L., and Liu, W., 2020. Comprehensive benefit evaluation of several typical types of marine development: A case study of Jiangsu Province, China. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 512–519. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the intensification of marine development activities, the comprehensive benefit assessment of marine development type is of great significance to promote the coordinated development of marine resources, environment and economy. In this study, four typical types of marine development, including aquaculture, offshore wind power, sewage dumping and port industry in Jiangsu Province, are taken as examples. Based on the calculation of economic net benefit, loss value of wetland ecosystem service function value, loss value of fishery resources and ecological profit and loss value, the comprehensive benefit evaluation value per unit area is obtained. It is found that the order of comprehensive benefit value from high to low is port industry, offshore wind power, sewage dumping and aquaculture, in which the contribution of economic net benefit is the largest. After deducting the net social and economic benefits, the comprehensive benefit values are sorted as offshore wind power, sewage dumping, aquaculture and port industry. The objective evaluation of the comprehensive benefit value of the type of marine development and the in-depth analysis of its internal composition can help us to understand the main influencing factors of the type of marine development, which is of positive significance to promote the reasonable selection of the type of marine development in each region and adjust the marine development countermeasures in time.

Yu, J.; Feng, R.Y.; Zhou, L.L.; Ma, C.; Tang, H.H.; Song, Y.F.; Sun, H.Y., and Yu, X.Q., 2020. Evaluation of the ecological vulnerability of Bohai Bay, China, under major marine functional zoning plan. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 520–528. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

From the major marine functional zoning plan perspective, an evaluation system was established to evaluate the ecological vulnerability of Bohai Bay. It aims to provide a basis guiding of ocean development by prioritizing zoning. According to the evaluation of four cities around Bohai Bay, it is concluded that the vulnerability degree of Cangzhou, Tianjin and Tangshan were medium. Among them, Tianjin's ecological system was the most vulnerable. Qinhuangdao's vulnerability degree was slight, meaning that it has a relatively healthy ecological system. By assessing the vulnerability of these four cities, the ecosystem of Bohai Bay is generally moderately fragile, leaving it more susceptible to ecological destruction.

Fu, L.; Wang, J.M., and Peng, Z.H., 2020. Simulation of wastewater discharge in a coastal plain river network considering different boundary conditions. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 529–534. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Owing to a rapidly developing economy and society, coastal cities along the East China Sea face serious water pollution problems. A number of sewer plants were recently constructed to improve the water quality in the region. This study investigated the environmental effects of wastewater discharge from a newly constructed sewer plant as the wastewater passes through a typical coastal plain river network. Ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) was selected as the typical pollutant, which was monitored and simulated using a two-dimensional model to demonstrate the effects of wastewater discharge. Different kinds of boundary conditions and the effects of tidal bores were represented in the simulation, and the risk of wastewater discharge in the coastal plain river network was also analyzed. An emergency plan is recommended to minimize the risk of wastewater discharge and prevent potential damage to the regional river network environment.

Yan, B.; Yuan, Z.; Luo, Q.; Li, J.Q.; Zhai, X.J.; Zhang, X., and Zhang, L.G., 2020. The matching degree of water resources and social economy-ecology-energy in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 535–540. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Analysis of the matching degree of water resources status and social economy-ecology-energy in the Yangtze River Economic Belt can provide technical support for the Yangtze River Economic Belt Strategy. In this paper, Lorentz curve and Gini coefficient are employed to analyze the matching degree of water resources status in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and various social economy, ecology, and energy related indicators. The result shows that water resources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt have a relatively average matching level with population, cultivated land and small livestock industry, a more reasonable matching level with urban population, effectively irrigated farmland and large livestock industry, and a relatively uneven matching level with Gross Domestic Product (GDP), wetland area, electricity consumption and hydropower generation. In general, water resources and economic development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are relatively mismatched in space, which further demonstrates the necessity of coordinated development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

Guo, J.; Song, W.L., and Zheng, H., 2020. Assessment of comprehensive fishery loss due to storm surge based on modified order relation weighting model. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 541–545. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The stable development of national basic industry depends on risk assessment and emergency prevention. Taking the impacts of typical storm surge on fishery as the research object and integrating the information of storm surge in the worst-hit Southeast coastal provinces and cities, this study built the storm surge vulnerability index (SSVI) that measured the vulnerability of regions hit by storm surge. It applied the modified order relation weighting model and the cross-sectional regression model to optimizing the weight assignment of disaster-inducing factors of storm surge as well as assessing fishery loss resulted from storm surge. The empirical results showed that the built index model could satisfy the demand for the assessment of fishery loss caused by storm surge. On average, the impacts of storm surge in Guangdong, Zhejiang and Fujian were in descending order, but in some cases, storm surge did extreme damage to fishery. Therefore, it is important to integrate multiple disaster-inducing factors of storm surge and explore a precise mechanism of loss assessment for the sake of the sustainable development of marine fishery.

Liu, C.; Zhang, H.Q.; Miao, S.; Li, X.F.; Miao, Q., and Zhou, C.L., 2020. Assessment of status and vulnerability to seawater intrusion in Wendeng District, China. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 546–553. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Assessing the status and risk of seawater intrusion effectively are major problems for coastal groundwater management. This study integrated the groundwater quality index (GQI_SWI) and the vulnerability model (GALDIT) to establish a modified vulnerability model (GALDIT_GQI) to seawater intrusion and applied it to Wendeng District. The status of seawater intrusion in the study area was evaluated by GQI_SWI. In addition, four GALDIT models were applied to the study area, they are standard GALDIT, GALDIT_W optimized by sensitivity analysis, GALDIT_R optimized by triangular fuzzy number and GALDIT_GQI modified by GQI_SWI. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the correlation between the above four models and TDS reached 0.711, 0.712, 0.740 and 0.762, respectively. The results of GALDIT_GQI were most relevant to the current status of seawater intrusion, which confirmed the effectiveness of GALDIT_GQI. This finding has important implications for assessing the vulnerability to seawater intrusion.

Xing, W.X.; Liu, D.H., and Li, F., 2020. Urban circle structures and regional differences in China's coastal areas. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 554–565. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

As a geographic element, oceans and seas exert a profound impact on regional social and economic development and change, and they are key factors that drive the formation and development of urban spatial structures in coastal areas. Based on the wide applicability of the “lake effect” theory to water economy research, this study analyzes the spatial structure characteristics of 735 counties in 11 provinces and municipalities in mainland China's coastal areas and the differences among three major coastal areas using buffer analysis and an extended Bass model. The results show that there is a notable urban circle structure in China's coastal areas under the influence of seas. China's coastal areas can be divided into three circular zones, namely, the core, key, and peripheral zones. The landward boundaries of core and key zones are 9 and 95 km away from the coastline, respectively. The landward boundary of the peripheral zone is the peripheral boundary of the study area. There is a significant difference in the spatial circle structure between the Northern, Central, and Southern coastal areas of China. In the Northern region, the core zone lacks a notable circle structure, whereas there is a notable dual-peak, dual-nuclei structure in the key and peripheral zones. The core zone width of the Central region is 15 km, and there is a dual-peak (high and low peaks), dual-nuclei structure in the key and peripheral zones. In the Southern region, the width of the core zone is 9 km, and there is a high-peak, single-nucleus structure in the key zone. The results of this research are helpful to clarify the position of different cities in regional development, and provide theoretical basis for land and sea resources allocation.

Gao, S.; Zhao, L.; Sun, H.H., and Liu, W., 2020. Comprehensive evaluation and main influencing factors of sustainable development of marine economy based on GRA and LWCI models. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 566–574. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the rapid development of marine economy, resource demand and ecological environment pressure are increasing. It is of great significance to evaluate the sustainable development of marine economy to promote the coordinated development of marine economy, resources and ecological environment. This paper constructs the evaluation index system from four aspects: the scale of marine industry, the profit and loss of resources, ecology, environment. The sustainable development of marine economy in Jiangsu Province is evaluated by Grey Relational Analysis model (GRA) and Linear Weighted Composite Index model (LWCI). The main influencing factors are objectively analyzed by calculating the grey relational grade of each evaluation index. This Research found that the sustainable development level of marine economy in 2010 was in a general state, and the other years were in a good state. The wetland area in coastal areas, Area of Marine Nature Reserve, Standard rate of industrial wastewater discharge in coastal areas, Biodiversity indicators are the most important influencing factors affecting the sustainable development level of marine economy.

Li, R.H.; Wu, Z.Q.; Huang, X.S.; Li, L.; Huang, L.; Liu, W.; Li, Y.Q., and Wu, J.Q., 2020. Correlation analysis of water quality and aquatic communities in Dawangtan Reservoir, China. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 575–583. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With Dawangtan (DWT) Reservoir as the object, this paper explores the composition and diversity of the fish, phytoplankton and zooplankton communities, the current state of water quality in the reservoir with signal indices, and the trophic level index (TLI) method and the correlation between water quality and aquatic communities in the reservoir discussed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The research results show that the 2,625 fish samples observed belong to 34 species, 26 genera, nine families and four orders. Phytoplankton samples taken belong to 43 genera, 25 families and seven phyla. Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta had more genera than the other phyla. The Shannon Wiener diversity index (H') of phytoplankton was 2.24. Zooplankton samples belong to 23 genera, 16 families and four classes, most of which are small zooplanktons like Protozoa and Rotifera. The H' value of zooplankton was averaged at 2.29. Carlson's TLI indicates that the water in DWT Reservoir is mesotrophic, but the water quality is close to being slightly polluted. The water quality conforms to the Grade III standard in GB3838-2002. The correlation analysis shows that in DWT Reservoir, the number of fish species and that of fish individuals are both positively correlated with the biomasses of phytoplankton and zooplankton, which, in turn, have significant correlations with water quality indices.

Qiao, Y.L.; Yin, X.Y., and Luo, Y., 2020. Assessment of the impact of a sea reclamation project in an emerging port city in Tianjin. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 584–592. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Reclamation is a strategy that alleviates land supply demand in coastal areas. However, it also causes important ecological problems, including affectations to ecosystem services. In order to quantitatively evaluate the loss of ecosystem service value in coastal zones due to reclamation, the present research selected Tianjin, a typical city with growing urbanization and industrialization in a China's coastal zone. For this purpose, the classification system of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment was used to analyze the characteristics of the Tianjin's coastal ecosystem, and a unique index system was created to evaluate the service function. The evaluation used the market value method, the alternative cost method, the investigation and evaluation method, and the result reference method. The index system was used to monetarily assess the damage caused by reclamation activities to ecosystem services in the coastal zone in Tianjin. The results showed that the total value loss of marine ecosystem services was 30.95 × 10⁴ yuan / hm² · a. In addition, it was found that the loss of production service value was the largest, accounting for 51.76% of the total loss value. The reduction in the value of cultural services, accounted for 23.07%. Furthermore, the third place corresponded to the devaluation of the regulatory function value, which was 16.64%. The loss of cultural service value was the smallest, accounting for 8.53%. Also, the loss of ecosystem service value caused by reclamation was mainly due to the effects on food production, cultural use and waste disposal.

Wang, H.Z., Zhong, H.P., Lu, J.Z., Yan, Q.Q., Li, S., and Zhou, Y., 2020. Understanding the river-lake relationship after the operation of TGR based on SWAT model. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 593–600. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

It is an important issue how the operation of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) has impacted upon the hydrological relationship between the Yangtze River and the Poyang Lake. A SWAT model was built to simulate the runoff of the River and the Lake, and the energy difference (Fe) index was selected to characterize the river-lake relationship. The results show: (1) The SWAT model was verified suitable to simulate the runoff of the study area. (2) The monthly trend of River-lake relationship after the operation of the TGR from 2010 to 2018 was studied. The successive monthly strong effect of the River (Fe<-0.1) appeared in August and September of 2010, which corresponded to the period of severe flood of the Lake basin. The successive monthly strong effect of the Lake (Fe>0.1) appeared in November and December of 2013, which corresponded to the period of severe draught of the Lake basin. (3) The yearly trend showed the constant increase of the role of the Lake and the constant decrease of effect of the Yangtze River main stream. (4) Under the operation of the TGR, the Yangtze River plays a stronger role during the drainage and flooding periods, leading to the increase of the flood control pressure in the Poyang Lake basin; the effect of the Poyang Lake is enhanced during the water storage and dry period, leading to the increase of the risk of drought disasters in the Poyang Lake basin. The study systematically reveals the change pattern of the river-lake relationship after the operation of the TGR at different time scales.

Guo, J.H., 2020. Evaluation and spatial characteristics analysis of Chinese port economy innovation impetus. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 601–604. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Based on the existing literature on scientific and technological innovation capability, this paper first analyzed the connotation and constituent elements of scientific and technological innovation capability, and constructed an evaluation index system of scientific and technological innovation capabilities that meet China's high-quality development requirements; Then, by introducing the maximum deviation method and the minimum variance method to determine the weight of the evaluation index and the time weight respectively, and selecting 31 provinces in China as the research object. This paper, with the help of a multi-stage TOPSIS method, evaluated the regional scientific and technological innovation capabilities based on a dynamic perspective. The research results show that the regional scientific and technological innovation capabilities in China are generally higher in the eastern coastal regions, while the six central provinces are generally innovated, while the western regions have a relatively low level of innovation, and the overall degree of spatial correlation is continuously expanding.

Gong, Y.T. and Zhang, Y.W., 2020. Spatial correlation analysis of economic development and water consumption in Xinjiang. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 605–611. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This paper adopts GIS and spatial correlation analysis method to analyze the spatial correlation between GDP and water consumption among the cities in Xinjiang from the perspective of spatial scale. The results show that the spatial distribution of GDP and water consumption among the cities in Xinjiang is not balanced. The industry GDP and the tertiary industry GDP has a certain correlation in spatial distribution. The water consumption in total is positively correlated in spatial correlation, as the same as the water consumption in agriculture, with a certain spatial aggregation. From the correlation analysis between GDP and water consumption, we find that: there is a positive correlation between gross amount of water consumption and GDP, as well as the water consumption in agriculture. There is a negative correlation between the water consumption in industry and industry GDP, as well as the water consumption in tertiary industry. The shortage of water consumption is an important restrictive factor for the economic development in the Western South-Xinjiang.

Xu, M.X., 2020. Influence of optimal allocation of water resources on the economic development of coastal industries. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 612–616. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

According to the theory of variable fuzzy recognition and the optimal allocation model of water resources, this paper establishes an evaluation index system of water resources optimal allocation scheme to evaluate the optimal allocation scheme of water resources. A case study on the impact of the optimal allocation of water resources on the economic development of coastal industries, taking a coastal city as a research object, concludes that the optimal allocation of water resources is relevant to the economic development of coastal industries. With the development of the economy, the water demand of various industries has gradually increased. After optimizing the allocation of water resources, the water consumption of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in the region has shown a downward trend.

Xu, N.; Li, Q.M., and Xu, Q.Y., 2020. Stakeholders of large-scale affordable housing projects in coastal cities based on social network analysis. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 617–621. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Based on stakeholder theory, stakeholders in large affordable housing projects in coastal cities were studied. Through questionnaires and social network analysis, the stakeholder scope of the affordable housing project in coastal cities was identified and the stakeholder social relationship network was established. Through the social relationship matrix and the corresponding network centrality analysis, cohesion subgroup analysis, etc., the core stakeholders of the affordable housing project in coastal cities were defined.

Shen, Q.T.S.; Zheng, Y., and Bao, L.W., 2020. Theoretical explanation of the University Science Park's operation mechanism based on the game theory and the calculation of optimal cooperation strategy. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 622–627. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The construction of the Chinese universities' science park has achieved initial success, with a group of energetic science parks being built. They have become a new focal point integrated with various innovation elements. Nevertheless, the relationship between the University Science Park and the different stakeholders as well as the collaboration mechanism under their respective interests still need to be explored. This paper, based on the multi-party game theory, describes the current operation mode of University Science Park. Especially, the authors using the evolutionary game theory and the mathematical models analyze the interest's mechanism between the University Science Park and the possible resident enterprise. The authors find the key factors under which both the University Science Park and possible resident enterprise may choose the game strategy of information transparent. This study has realistic significance in positioning the development of University Science Park and will promote the interaction between research and practice in this area.

Li, B.J., 2020. Export effect of trade facilitation in Asian “Belt and Road” coastal countries on China's cross-border e-commerce. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 628–632. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

As the “Belt and Road” initiative was put forward, the volume of trading economy in countries along the routes has increased significantly, among which Asian countries have gained the highest trade activity. Thus it is of great import to examine the level of trade facilitation for Asian countries along the routes, so as to prop up the industry of cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) in China. This paper selects four first-grade indexes of infrastructure, rules and regulations, customs environment and e-commerce, and then further refining them into 12 second-grade indexes for establishing a trade facilitation evaluation system; by adopting the panel data within ten years from 2009 to 2018, and in the meantime, based on the extended gravity model, the paper verifies that trade facilitation produces an obvious positive effect on China's CBEC export.

Lu, X.L. and He, G., 2020. Application of option pricing theory in water conservancy finance. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 633–636. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Financial support for water conservancy construction is an important approach to promote the development of water conservancy economy. In order to deal with numerical solution for stock option in water conservancy finance, a hybrid optimization algorithm is proposed. By virtue of the relation between Black-Scholes model and heat equation, a class of heat equations with initial-boundary values is established based on Schwarz waveform relaxation algorithm, meanwhile particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to estimate parameters in option pricing model. In numerical experiments, the hybrid optimization algorithm is used to seek the approximate value of call option based on water concept stock, and it obtains better estimation results than existed methods.

Zhou, B. and Yang, H., 2020. Economic analysis of limited water irrigation on wheat yield. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 637–640. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

There are some problems in traditional wheat irrigation, such as high cost of wheat irrigation, high energy consumption and poor yield. Therefore, the economic analysis of wheat yield by limited water irrigation was put forward. This paper analyzes the situation of wheat planting in China and the irrigation mode of wheat planting, and analyzes the influence of water limited irrigation method on wheat yield; obtains the water demand of each stage of wheat growth, constructs the comprehensive effect evaluation model of water limited irrigation, and carries out comprehensive evaluation on wheat yield; on the basis of the above analysis, the grey correlation model is constructed to analyze the coupling between water limited irrigation and wheat yield. The comprehensive effect evaluation model of water limited irrigation was optimized, and the economic analysis of limited water irrigation on wheat yield was completed. The results showed that the irrigation cost was lower, the irrigation time was shorter, and the yield of wheat was higher.

Feng, S.S., 2020. Exchange rate flexibility of marine export trade based on artificial neural network. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 641–644. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In recent years, the issue of exchange rate flexibility has attracted extensive attention in academic sphere. The appreciation of RMB will inevitably lead to the price changes of Chinese seafood in the international market, resulting in an impact on the import and export of Chinese seafood, the growth rate of marine economy and domestic employment. On the basis of artificial neural network, this paper puts forward a research method of exchange rate flexibility of marine export trade and constructs the exchange rate prediction model. Through analyzing the change trend of exchange rate, it can be seen that although RMB is faced with the pressure of devaluation by the rise of the US dollar index and the gradual increase of the interest rate of the Federal Reserve, yet the possibility of sustained large-scale devaluation of RMB is low. The method proposed in this work can realize accurate prediction of exchange rate flexibility. According to the prediction results, the government should take effective measures to mitigate the harm of exchange rate flexibility to the national marine economy.

Tian, Y.Y., 2020. The institutional choice of innovative leading enterprise development. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 645–647. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Innovation-oriented enterprises should take the responsibility of guiding the development of the industry and walk at the forefront of the times. The cultivation of innovation-oriented enterprises is an important way for us to speed up the modernization of enterprises. This paper analyzes the concept and connotation of innovation-oriented enterprises and the difficulties they are facing in their development, and tries to put forward some suggestions on cultivating innovation-oriented institutional innovation.

Sun, Y., 2020. Eco-Agricultural economic development strategy based on improving the eco-cultural tourism environment in rural areas along the coast. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 648–651. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The countryside is rich in China's rich traditional culture, but also there are many cultural heritages. In the city, people are busy working day and night, every day in the high-pressure environment of life, the city is to enhance the economic level of our country's main areas, in the city life of the people, the modern atmosphere is more intense, but also lost a lot of traditional cultural customs, in the festival time without the past strong holiday atmosphere, it is difficult to enjoy the beautiful natural scenery, so people living in the city during the holidays, hope to even go into the countryside to feel the real feeling, purify their hearts, feel the charm of nature. This paper studies the development of eco-agriculture economy in order to improve the eco-cultural tourism environment in rural areas, hoping to make rural eco-cultural tourism promote the development of eco-agriculture economy, promote the economic progress of rural areas, improve the quality of life of local people, and provide higher quality tourism services for tourists who come to the area.

Gong, X.; Zhu,W.C., and Liu, S., 2020. The strategy of eco-agriculture economic development along the coast based on improving the rural eco-tourism environment. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 652–655. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

China is a big tourism country, in the past, when people travel, they will mainly choose famous scenic spots and buildings. But with the gradual progress of China's urbanization construction work, people living in the city, began to yearn for a comfortable and comfortable life in the countryside, eager to feel the idyllic scenery in the countryside on a leisure holiday, breathe fresh air, taste the original taste of farm food. Therefore, the rural eco-tourism industry has gradually developed, loved by many people, but also for the local level of economic development brought great help. However, with the increasing number of people entering the countryside to travel, eco-tourism environment has gradually changed, the local eco-agriculture economic development has been limited. Therefore, this paper analyzes the problems of eco-tourism environment in the development of eco-agriculture economy, and puts forward some strategies to help the development of eco-agriculture economy.

Wang, G.P. and Chen, W., 2020. The interactive development of outdoor sports and water resources industry from the perspective of geographical environment integration. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 656–659. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The 18th National Congress was held to put the construction of ecological civilization at the top of economic and social development, and the subsequent 19th National Congress further emphasized the importance of building ecological civilization. The top-level design emphasizes “ecological civilization” and changes the concept of environmental protection and governance, which can be learned that the state in the process of environmental protection, follow the unique natural laws of the ecological environment at the same time, further emphasize the construction of ecological civilization in the social psychology and behavioral aspects of the construction. The bottleneck of the interaction between, outdoor sports industry and water resources industry is mainly the lack of basic conditions of ecological environment, “leisure, green water, health, outdoor sports lifestyle conditions do not have, the two need to complement each other, in order to promote each other, to achieve a win-win effect. China is a large agricultural country and has an important base for agricultural production and energy. However, under the influence of different geography, climate, soil and water, and energy environment, the impact on the ecological environment is not only the same, but also the supply and demand of water resources, the distribution of water and sand and the degree of environmental pollution. This paper combines the analysis of the different geographical distribution of environmental water resources, combined with the real situation of water pollution, and deeply studies the development strategy analysis of the interaction of water resources industry.

Li, W.B.; Zhang, L., and Guo, R.L., 2020. The measurement of tourism environmental pollution and tourism efficiency in Western China. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 660–664. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

At present, the level of tourism industry aggluence in the western region is generally low, and the tourism resources in western China are abundant in the control variables such as economic development level, dependence on foreign capital, advanced industrial structure, scientific and technological innovation ability and energy consumption intensity. The influence of industrial adjudicity on the regional environment has always attracted much attention, and in recent years, with the deepening of China's ecological civilization construction and beautiful China's strategy, social economy, while pursuing rapid development, is also paying attention to the improvement of quality and comprehensive benefits. The spatial difference between regional tourism efficiency and tourism scale is obvious, so environmental problems arise. In addition to poor planning, unscientid management, extensive development model, tourism inefficiency is a serious potential obstacle. This paper analyzes that developing countries often face environmental pollution due to improper tourism planning, unscienced management and extensive development models. This environmental defect in tourism can be an important factor in air and water pollution. From the perspective of ecological civilization, the clustering situation of tourism industry in the western region and its influence mechanism on environmental pollution should be formulated according to local conditions, and the coordinated development of regional tourism industry and environmental protection should be guided scientifically.

Zhou, W., 2020. The compensation standard of eco-environmental cost in agricultural industry in China. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 665–669. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

As a large agricultural country, agricultural development is of great significance to the development of our country's economy. However, with the further development of China's agriculture, the rapid development of agriculture has caused a certain degree of damage to our country's ecological environment. Therefore, in this paper, the damage of ecological environment in the process of the development of agricultural industry in China was analyzed, and the environmental cost compensation standard was analyzed and summarized. The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical basis and scientific basis for the sustainable development of China's agricultural industry, and provide some theoretical support for the restoration of our environment, With the continuous improvement of China's comprehensive economic strength, the economic development of all regions has also made some progress. As an important economic zone of China's economic development, regional economic development has greatly improved in the present era. With the rapid development of economy, the ecological environment has been damaged to a certain extent. The coupling and coordination relationship between regional economic development and ecological environment is analyzed. It aims to provide theoretical basis for the further development of China's economy and the sustainable development of ecological environment.

Du, G., 2020. The environmental effects of economic development in the process of urbanization based on STIRPAT model. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 670–675. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

China has carried out a comprehensive new type of urbanization. However, environmental problems in the process of urbanization need to be paid attention to, and urban planning needs to be carried out scientifically and rationally to achieve sustainable and healthy development. This study uses the STEPRAY model and the ridge regression analysis method to study the environmental effects of economic development in the process of urbanization in X city. The basic indicators of urbanization indicators and environmental indicators for 1998-2012 were selected for statistical analysis. Among them, the urbanization index includes the resident population, the proportion of the working-age population and the urbanization rate. Environmental indicators include waste and wastewater discharges, as well as concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Through the results of the research, we can draw the urbanization index which causes environmental pollution, provide the basis for the improvement of urban environment, and it is of great significance to the urbanization construction and sustainable development of our country.

Zhang, L.M., 2020. Ocean energy economic efficiency, energy environmental performance and regional economic growth. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 676–681. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Ensuring the relationship between energy economic efficiency and energy environmental performance is the key to the development of regional economy. China's economic development is based on a large number of coal consumption, which leads to increasingly serious environmental problems. Based on this, based on computer simulation analysis and statistical analysis, the relationship between energy economic efficiency, energy environmental performance and regional economic growth is deeply studied in this paper. Through the comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting China's economic growth through computer simulation, it is found that the improvement of energy economic benefits and energy environmental performance is not paid attention to in the process of China's economic growth. In the process of economic growth in the future, we should pay attention to the coordinated development of the above three. And provide theoretical reference for related research.

Chen, J., 2020. Influence and evaluation of economic carrying capacity in Guangdong Province from the perspective of trans-regional marine ecological environment flow. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 682–686. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In the context of the current industrial era, how to achieve the balance between urban economic development and ecological environment protection is the most important issue. In order to maintain the growth trend of urban economy, it is necessary to evaluate the city's economic carrying capacity scientifically in advance, and on the basis of the current evaluation results, to re-evaluate the trajectory of urban economic carrying capacity development, analyze the real factors that cause changes, and determine the way to enhance the carrying capacity of urban economy accordingly. This paper takes Guangdong Province as an example to carry out research, hoping to help the development of practice.

Guo, T.J.; Tao, C.H., and Wang, Y.X., 2020. Impacts of public medical services in China on benefit incidence and income distribution: Micro evidences based on the household equivalent scale. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 687–694. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Public medical services aim to address income inequality and indirectly redistribute income. Whether public medical services can eliminate health inequality and poverty resulting from disease depends on how residents benefit from them. Using the equivalent scale measurement along with the Heckman sample selection model, we reanalyzed benefit incidence and income distribution effects of public medical services in China. The results show that the health inequality problem in China remains severe, and there are significant differences among different income groups in health status, tendency to seek health care, and hospitalization habits. Medical costs incurred in the middle-lower income group are still burdensome, the uneven distribution of medical service costs in China warrants mitigation. Although public medical services have narrowed the income gap, the unfair cost-sharing weakens the income distribution effect of public medical services. Our results indicate that the Chinese government should continue to increase inputs to basic medical institutions, strengthen policy support for the middle-lower income group, raise funding and medical insurance for both urban and rural residents, alleviate the medical cost burden to residents, restrain over-medicalization, and enhance the efficiency of public medical services.

Tian, J.J.; Liu, Y.J., and Yin, Z.D., 2020. Relationship between coastal foreign direct investment & industrial upgrading of China under the condition of the Belt and Road initiative. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 695–699. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

At present, the issuance of the relationship between foreign direct investment & the transformation and upgrading of domestic industrial structures has been controversial under the condition of the construction of the “Belt and Road” of China. Based on the data from 2008 to 2018, the VAR model is applied for studying the interrelationship between foreign direct investment in sixty four countries along the “Belt and Road” and the transformation and upgrading of domestic industrial structures according to the experience since China has joined in Word Trade Organization (“WTO”); and it is found that in this kind of countries, the direct investment is without any statistical significance on the industrial upgrading of China so far; nevertheless, the industrial restructuring of China still in turn accelerates the going out intention of companies and promotes direct investment in this kind of countries.

Huang, C. and Zheng, W.X.J., 2020. Research on the development of offshore engineering equipment and high-end shipbuilding industry: A case study of Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Ningbo. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 700–704. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The 21st century is the century of the oceans, and speeding up the development and utilization of marine resources has become the strategic orientation of economic development of all countries in the world. Marine engineering equipment refers to the general term for various mechanical equipment needed in the course of a series of marine economic activities. And high-end ships, because of their complex design and manufacturing processes and powerful functions, occupy a very important position in the marine equipment industry chain, and have extremely high research and application value. The development of marine engineering equipment and high-end shipbuilding industry can realize the wider application and development of marine resources. Therefore, this article analyzes the development model of Korean marine engineering equipment and high-end ship manufacturing industry, and uses Ningbo Zhoushan Dinghai District as a focus area to conduct a matching analysis, in order to provide suggestions for the development of marine engineering equipment and high-end ship manufacturing industry.

Luo, S. and Fu, Q., 2020. Spatial effects of traffic infrastructure on income disparity. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 705–710. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This thesis comprehensively takes the impact of multi-dimensional factors on income disparity into consideration. Based on the empirical test model selection, this thesis establishes a spatial econometric model of traffic infrastructure on income disparity. Based on the provincial panel data of China from 1997 to 2017, the thesis draws the following main conclusions through the empirical test: (1) the income disparity brings about positive spatial spillover effect. The difference in value is higher in the West and lower in the East. With the passage of time, the difference expands year by year and the central part is affected; (2) traffic infrastructure has obvious negative spatial direct and indirect effects, which can effectively curb the expansion of income disparity; (3) among the multi-dimensional factors underlying the local income disparity, opening-up, economic development and fixed asset investment have significant negative spatial direct and indirect effects, as they will slow down the expansion of income disparity. It is suggested that the local government should build more traffic infrastructure, improve economic development, promote greater regional economic cooperation, and narrow the income disparity.

Liu, D.D. and Wu, D.L., 2020. Consumer trust in purchasing fresh agricultural products online based on the Signal Theory. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 711–716. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Compared with traditional e-commerce products, online shopping of fresh agricultural products started late, and in its development process, the growth rate has been relatively slow because consumer trust is hard to build due to the constraints of the characteristics of fresh agricultural products. Based on the theoretical model of planned behaviour and combined with the Signal Theory, this article studied the mechanism of consumer trust in online shopping of fresh agricultural products, and through empirical demonstration on the influencing factors in this stage, proposed countermeasures and suggestions to solve the problem of insufficient consumer trust in this trade.

Bai, C.X. and Yu, B.Q., 2020. The influence mechanism of consumers participating in the value co-creation of crowdsourcing based on hierarchical model and content analysis in the coastal basin. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 717–723. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The business model of the crowdsourcing value co-creation highlights greater advantages and potential with the further development of coastal basin economy under the sharing economy. This paper sorts out the concepts of the value co-creation and crowdsourcing and the influencing factors of the value co-creation. Then the samples are selected by purposive sampling and direct extraction based on zbj.com and 680.com from the perspective of the public participants. It identifies the influencing factors through QSR Nvivo11.0 and SPSS23.0. And the model of influence mechanism of consumers participating in the value co-creation of crowdsourcing is proposed by clustering and classification. On this basis, this paper uses a hierarchical model to construct a judgment matrix, perform hierarchical ranking and consistency checking, and obtain the weight value and ranking of influencing factors. While further enriching the value Co-creation theory, it also provides corresponding evidence and suggestions for how to set appropriate crowdsourcing value to create content and how to adopt effective incentive measures in the sharing economy.

Qi, Q.; Jiang, Y., and Wang, D., 2020. Evaluation of port unified efficiency based on RAM-DEA model for port sustainable development. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 724–729. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Unified efficiency is essential in evaluating the balance between operational performance and environment of port, since Green Port is becoming the core concept of port development. This research utilizes a Range Adjusted Measure - Data Envelopment Analysis (RAM-DEA) model with natural and managerial disposability to evaluate the port unified efficiency from two aspects of both operational performance and environment, and determine the types of returns to scale (RTS) and damages to scale (DTS). Statistical data from 10 ports along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province are empirically examined using the RAM-DEA model. The results indicate that the RAM-DEA model is a feasible approach for port unified efficiency evaluation. Moreover, combined with the exactly types of RTS and DTS, the RAM-DEA model can support port enterprise in choosing the suitable development direction for the sustainable development of port.

Yang, H.; Xi, X.; Han, S.S., and Pang, Y.P., 2020. Construction of econometric model of social economic loss caused by water resources imbalance risk. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 730–733. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Due to the imbalance risk of water resources, resulting in social and economic losses, this paper puts forward and designs the measurement model of social and economic losses caused by the risk of water resources imbalance. Through water supply and water demand two aspects of water resources in the planning year are predicted to determine whether the supply and demand of water resources are balanced, so as to analyze the risk of water resources imbalance; select risk evaluation indicators, use entropy method to determine the weight of evaluation indicators, and divide the risk level of water resources imbalance, and build a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of water resources imbalance risk In the evaluation results, the data envelopment analysis method is used to calculate the redundancy of input-output indicators in the economic loss model of water resources security risk, and the construction of social and economic loss measurement model caused by water resources imbalance risk is completed. The experimental results show that the model can improve the total social economic benefits, reduce the socio-economic losses and improve the utilization rate of water resources under the risk of water resources imbalance.

Niu, X.F., 2020. A method of financial cost assessment of marine transportation based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 734–737. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In order to improve the accuracy of marine transportation cost assessment and reduce the investment in marine transportation, a method of financial cost assessment for marine transportation based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was put forward. Firstly, the structure of financial cost evaluation system of marine transportation was introduced, and the flow of information collection interface of cost information, evaluation management, information collection application and financial cost was designed respectively. Based on the availability of existing literatures and data, the packing throughput of port, infrastructure quality of port, liner trade index, export cost, space distance, global competitiveness index, logistics performance index and fuel price were selected as the main influencing factors of marine transportation financial cost evaluation after comprehensive consideration. All of them constituted a set of evaluation indexes. Moreover, marine transportation cost evaluation was completed by analytic hierarchy process and multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. S company was taken as the experimental object. The result shows that the proposed method has accurate goodness of fit with the actual value and good practicality.

Liu, D. and Gao, J.N., 2020. Distributed watershed hydrological simulation method based on SWAT model. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 738–741. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Aiming at the problems of large simulation error and long time consumption in traditional distributed hydrological simulation methods, a distributed hydrological simulation method based on SWAT model is proposed in this paper. This paper analyzes the working principle of SWAT model and constructs SWAT model; uses baseline drift method and variable storage coefficient model to extract typical characteristics of groundwater runoff, soil moisture evaporation and water surface concentration of distributed watershed hydrological characteristic data; on this basis, analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation, modifies the precipitation coefficient, and through the coefficient of linear regression equation and efficiency coefficient and adjust the root mean square error to realize the distributed hydrological simulation. The experimental results show that the minimum error of the proposed method is about 0.01%, and the maximum simulation time is about 5.8 s.

Yang, W.H. and Lin, Y.G., 2020. The water culture sports tourism creation strategy of the unique geographical environment of the Minjiang River. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 742–745. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208

As one of the important tributies of the Yangtze River, the Minjiang River is rich in water resources, and the full utilization of water resources can promote the development of the Weijiang Economy on the one hand, and the deep culture of the Weijiang River basin can also be displayed on the other. At present, China's rapid development of tourism, all over the introduction of cultural tourism package, for the city of the Weijiang River basin, how to rely on the unique geographical environment of the Weijiang River, the creation of sustainable development of water culture and sports tourism has become the focus of the work. This paper analyzes and discusses the needs of this practice for reference from all walks of life.

Lu, Y.Z.; Chen, M., and Xue, J.L., 2020. Water culture in the development of national cultural tourism under the new ecological environment. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 746–750. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In the long river of historical process, water, as a carrier, can constitute rich cultural resources and influence people's thought and behavior. Water culture is closely related to the birth of civilization, and water culture, as the cultural foundation of human origin, reflects the relationship between man and water. Human beings in the understanding of water resources with the changing times from the beginning as the source of survival to the present contains economic connotation and spiritual connotation, has a profound understanding. In the new ecological environment era, the study of water culture developed by national cultural tourism, along with the common beliefs agreed upon in national cultural tourism and the aesthetic manifestations and historical relics caused by the infection caused by the water environment, these are the spiritual and material wealth related to water culture. This paper mainly discusses the significance of water culture in the development of national tourism culture through the problems existing in the development process of national culture and tourism, and puts forward some theoretical basis for the study of the significance of water culture in the development of national tourism culture in the new era.

Zhu, X., 2020.Optimization design of public space structure in coastal cities based on interactive design. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 751–755. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the rapid development of urban space and the increasingly acute traffic problems, the quality of coastal urban public space cannot be paid enough attention. In order to better solve the above problems, this paper designs and proposes an interactive design based optimization design method of coastal city public space structure. This paper analyzes the research background, research content and purpose, research scope and research methods, then mainly defines the concepts of urban coastal area, urban public space and coastal urban public space, and expounds the classification, constituent elements, characteristics and development overview of coastal urban public space. At the same time, combined with the analysis of domestic and foreign practical cases of coastal area public space development. This paper summarizes the experience of planning and construction of public space in coastal areas, and provides reference for the research and optimization of public space in coastal cities. Finally, combining with the interactive design method, this paper analyzes the macro and micro elements of the coastal city public space, and puts forward the optimization idea of the coastal city public space. Through the specific simulation experiment data, the superiority of the design scheme is verified comprehensively.

Zhu, Y.W., 2020. Strategies for prevention and control of flood control safety and environmental risks in stadiums under the influence of marine climate. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 756–760. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Stadiums are specialized venues for people to exercise, train professionally, organize and watch sports competitions, large-scale performances, etc. With the vigorous development of China's sports industry, domestic and international sports of various sizes of various professional and amateur sports events and large-scale comprehensive sports games in various regions of our country frequently held, with the accompanying demand for all sizes of integrated, professional sports venues are also expanding, and even some areas will be large-scale stadiums to become the local socio-economic and human development of landmark buildings are widely publicized, in the process of rapid development of stadiums, the public ignored the sports stadium flood environmental risk prevention and control is becoming more and more serious.

Wang, M.; Sang, S.Z.; Ma, Z.Y.; Kang, Z.; Zhang, Y.P.; Li, W.M.; Chen, B.; Cheng, J.Y., and Wei, P., 2020. Predicting diagenetic facies in a tight sandstone reservoir using robust regression analysis. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 761–767. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Globally, most reservoirs of tight sandstone oil presently have low porosity, low permeability, and high pore structure heterogeneity. These characteristics complicate the study of reservoir prediction and seepage law. Taking the Chang 8 reservoir in Longdong Area, Ordos Basin as an example, this study analyzed the micro composition, diagenesis, pore structure, and other characteristics of sandstone through a physical property test and casting thin section observation. The sandstone was divided into four diagenetic facies: primary pore strongly developed facies, chloride concentration primary porosity developed facies, solution facies, and strongly dense facies. The characteristics of different diagenetic facies were quantitatively evaluated using the following parameters: approximate compacting rate, approximate cementing rate, approximate dissolution rate, micro porosity ratio, and diagenetic coefficients. Based on the results of robust regression analysis, a new prediction method of porosity-permeability-diagenetic coefficient is proposed. The correlation coefficient between the results of the actual measurement and the model fitting was 0.7105, which indicates that the model is highly accurate. The prediction results of diagenetic facies distribution show that high-quality reservoirs are mainly developed at the top and bottom of the distributary channel and mouth bar sand body, and the sand body in the middle of partial distributary channel also has the potential to form reservoir. This method provides a new technical scheme for the prediction of tight sandstone reservoirs.

He, J.; Lian, Z.H.; Yu, H.J.; Huang, X.B.; Zhao, Z.J.; Yao, J.; Tang, X.J., and Li, X., 2020. Reservoir control mechanism of dolomite and sulfate rock compound palaeokarst in weathering crust. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 768–774. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In the diagenetic environment of meteoric freshwater, the compound palaeokarst of dolomite and sulfate rock is conducive to the formation of a storage and seepage network in the rock, which is key to the development of most evaporative marine facies reservoirs. Taking the Majiagou Formation in the central Ordos Basin as the study object, this research used a detailed description of drilling cores, realistic writing of typical karst outcrops, and sample analysis to determine the coupling relation between two kinds of rock weathering crust paleokarst. The salinity of seawater changed frequently in the sedimentary period of Ma 5; dolomitic flat, gypsodolomite flat, and anhydrite flat occurred alternately in the basin margins; and a set of compound rocks of dolomite and sulfate rocks deposited. After deposition, Ma 5 member uplifted with the Huabei platform, experiencing weathering and erosion, causing various types of dissolution pores and vugs to appear in the residual weathering crust formation. Dolomite with anhydrite concretion deposited in a gypsum-bearing dolomite flat environment laid the foundation for reservoir development, and the preservation degree of this kind of formation and karstification intensity of weathering crust karst complex are key to the formation of high-quality reservoirs. High-quality reservoirs are mainly located in the overlapping area of the gypsodolomite flat and weathering crust palaeokarst platform on the plane, and in the vertical vadose zone and part of the horizontal phreatic zone longitudinally.

Lu, H.; Tang, H.M.; Wang, M., and Wang, Y.J., 2020. Characterization of a carbonate reservoir formed in a low energy environment. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 775–784. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The Cretaceous oil and gas reservoir located in the Middle East is one of the most important reservoirs in the world. However, it is highly inhomogeneous and porous and displays low permeability. These characteristics affect is potential as high quality reservoir. The present research integrated conventional petrophysical tests, high-pressure mercury intrusion analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and petrological analysis to determine the rock characteristics of the Kh2 upper cretaceous oil field. With this information we classified the reservoir in different types. The results showed that the reservoir was formed in a low energy environment, is an open platform running from above the wave base level to below the low tide line. The lithology was dominated by foraminiferal biomicritie, echinate biomicritie, micritie, pelsparite, algae biopelmicrite, algal biomicritie, and algal fossiliferous micrite. Based on the regional structure and palaeogeodetic sedimentary background, the presence of open sea (MF1), high-energy pellets shoal (MF2), intershoal sea (MF3), low-energy pellets shoal (MF4), and low-energy bioclastic shoal (MF5) were identified. The porosity ranged from 10% to 29%, with an average of 23.73%. The permeability varied between 0.4 mD and 490 mD, with an average value of 21.21 mD. In addition, the petrophysical properties were controlled by sedimentary microfacies and diagenesis, and the quality of these properties decreased in the order MF2, MF4, MF5, MF3, MF1. Diagenesis transformed the reservoir; however, the basis for diagenesis was the sedimentary environment. The reservoir was divided into 3 types, which corresponded to 3 types of pore structures. The first type (pore throat structure I) mainly developed in MF2 and MF4, where the average throat radius was larger than 2.2 µm, and the permeability higher than 20 mD. The second type (pore throat structure II) was identified in MF4 and MF5, presenting an average throat radius between 0.5 µm and 2.2 µm, and a permeability between 5 mD and 20 mD. The third type (pore throat structure III) occurred in MF1 and MF3, presented average throat radius smaller than 0.5 µm, and permeability smaller than 5 mD. The Kh2 layer was a type II reservoir. The results presented herein will be of great significance for the identification of potential oil research and development areas.

Li, Y.Y. and Wang, J., 2020. Incised-valley sedimentary succession and evolution of the Nanjing section of the Yangtze River since the LGM. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 785–794. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The incised valley at the Nanjing section of the Yangtze River contains a detailed sedimentary succession since the last glacial maximum (LGM). As stratigraphic and chronologic frameworks are not available for the Yangtze at the Nanjing section, five cross sections were constructed from 230 boreholes. Twenty-five radiocarbon and five ESR ages provided a detailed chronological framework. Based on analysis of lithology and sedimentary architecture, six deposition units were divided. The two main stages included the deep cutting stage from 23,000 to 15,000 cal yr BP and the lateral developing stage from 15,000 cal yr BP to the present. During the deep cutting stage, relative sea level change was the primary factor determining incised valley evolution. The great gradient provided a powerful hydrodynamic condition for palaeochannel cutting into the bedrock and large pebble gravel deposition. The faults and injection of the tributaries resulted in an incised depth deeper than the upstream and downstream. During the lateral developing stage, with the rapid rise of sea level and the moister and warmer climate, the incision power decreased and the channel broadened, resulting in a gradual reduction of sediment size.

Zhang, L.P.; Fang, J.; Wang, F.; Shang, Z.W.; Li, J.F.; Chen, Y.S., and Tian, L.Z., 2020. Facies distribution of borehole DC01 in the west coastal plain of Bohai Bay since MIS3 using clayey water electric conductivity and grain size analysis. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 795–803. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

To investigate the sedimentary evolution in the West Coastal Plain of the Bohai Bay since Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3), clayey water electric conductivity, grain size, and foraminifera species were measured. According to the AMS¹⁴C ages, borehole DC01 was divided into eight units: Unit I (30–29 m), watercourse sediment formed earlier than 46 ka cal BP; Unit II (29–22.4 m), flood plain sediment formed in 45.8 ka cal BP; Unit III (22.4–14.5 m), sediment affected by the storm surge and formed in 45.8–11.2 ka cal BP; Unit IV (14.5–12.6 m), tidal creek sediment representing the rising sea-level in the postglacial period; Unit V (12.6–9.5 m), watercourse-flood plain sediment; Unit VI (9.5–8.34 m), the salt marsh layer affected by seawater that formed during 8.3–7.5 ka cal BP; Unit VII (8.34–3.6 m), watercourse sediment; Unit VIII (3.6–1 m), flood plain with multiple currents that formed in about 3.7 ka cal BP. Studies show that borehole DC01 was affected by seawater twice. (1) The tidal creek sediment and the salt marsh sediment from the postglacial period to 7.5 ka cal BP, which was affected by seawater, represents the rising sea-level and the maximum period of the Holocene MIS1 transgression in the western plain of the Bohai Bay. (2) The storm surge sediment in 45.8 ka cal BP, which was affected by seawater during the MIS3, when the Paleoshorelines were located 20-45 km from borehole DC01.

Huang, J.B. and Xie, D.F., 2020. Detecting the river-sea influenced boundary changes in a macro-tidal estuary based on morphodynamic modeling. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 804–812. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The delineation of river-sea boundary of estuaries is of major significance to clarify the scopes and responsibilities of coastal managers and promote the sustainable estuarine resource development and protection. So far, the spatial and temporal variations of natural geographical conditions, such as bed level changes and tidal ranges, etc., have hardly been taken into account when defining the river-sea boundary, probably due to the lack of long time series of field data. Taking the macro-tidal Qiantang Estuary as an example, this contribution explores the feasibility of defining the river-sea boundary by key natural geographical parameters, based on a morphodynamic model. The most remarkable morphological feature within the estuary, a large longitudinal bar, was reproduced firstly using an idealized morphodynamic model. Then numerical experiments were carried out to test the influences of the large-scale regulation and narrowing project implemented in the last decades on the morphological and hydrographic conditions. It is turned out that the locations of the relatively stable bed evolutions, and river-tide discharge ratio and the maximum tidal range of the estuary were consistent with each other. Due to the large-scale river narrowing project, their locations have moved seaward by about 20 km. Furthermore, if the river mouth is narrowed further, the river-sea boundary would move seaward further accordingly. It is necessary to adjust promptly the river-sea boundary of the Qiantang Estuary. The methods for the river-sea boundary delineation in this study can also be applicable to other similar estuaries in the world.

Lv, W.H. and Yang, H.W., 2020. Distribution of phosphorus and iron species in the sediments along the path of yellow river and correlation of contents of the two species. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 813–817. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

We measured contents of total phosphorus (TP) and total iron (TFe) in the sediments from 21 samples along the path of Yellow river. TP content of the 21 sediments were from 0.87 to1.75 g·kg-1, and TP contents of sediments from Huayuankou section (H18) and Liulin section (H13) were maximum and minimum, respectively. TFe content were in the range of 15.50∼31.24 g·kg-1, correspondingly, Liulin section (H13) and Sanmenxia section (H17), were the maximum and minimum. It had a positive correlation relationship between TFe and TP by correlation analysis on Maduo section (H1), Xinghai section (H2), Zhongwei section (H5), Baotou section (H10), Xingxian section (H12), Dayudu section (H15), Sanmenxia section (H17), Jinan section (H19) and Yellow River Mouth section (H20), and the equation fits well (R2>0.93). The distribution of TP and TFe of the sediments from different sections in Yellow River related with regional environmental conditions and the geological environment.

Wang, X.; Liu, J.X.; Liu, Z., and Dan, H.J., 2020. Marine meteorological data transmission evaluation methods based on load factor measurement. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 818–824. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Since 1970, the lack of timely and efficient marine meteorological data has led to a large number of marine accidents and marine environment pollution. In the past few decades, digital communication technology has developed rapidly and achieved quite successful results. The advanced digital communication technology to transmit marine meteorological data are used. However, the impact of digital modulation methods on marine weather data transmission load rates is unclear. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the digital modulation method under the optimal environment of data transmission load rate. It studies and records 16 modulation methods, including 3 quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and 12 amplitude phase shift keying (APSK). It is found that the load efficiency obtained by the APSK modulation method can reach 51.00 Mbps in matlab, which is much higher than the load efficiency obtained from the navigation telex system based on the frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation method. The results show that the marine meteorological data transmission method using the APSK modulation method has the best load efficiency.

Deng, H.Y.; Dai, G.L., and Azadi, M.R., 2020. Fractional time-dependent merchant model for coastal soft clay. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 825–831. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Soft clayey soils behave a time-dependent creep property subjected to sustained load. In order to describe the stress-strain-time property of soft clayey soil, a time-based fractional creep constitutive model is proposed based on the Caputo fractional calculus by applying the Abel dashpot in classical component model. The proposed fractional Merchant model is validated by drained creep test of coastal soft clay. The model parameters are obtained by fractional nonlinear fitting in terms of drained creep test results of coastal soft clay. Then the predicted results by the proposed fractional Merchant model and classical component models are also compared and validated with creep test results. It shows that the proposed fractional Merchant model is more approached to drained creep test results than classical component models. In particular, the proposed fractional Merchant model could well reduce the errors in the initial phase of creep compared with the classical model. It is indicated that the fractional Merchant model is superior in predicting drained creep property of coastal soft clay.

Wang, W.H., 2020. Prediction method of unsaturated soil water content under different irrigation intensities. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 832–837. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In order to improve the efficiency of agricultural irrigation, ensure the normal growth of crops, realize water-saving and energy-saving automatic irrigation and soil moisture content monitoring, a prediction method of unsaturated soil water content under different irrigation intensity was proposed. Firstly, soil samples were collected and soil moisture sensor was used to measure soil moisture content every 12 h. when it was lower than the set threshold value, the solenoid valve was automatically opened for irrigation, and when it was higher than the set value, irrigation was stopped. The near infrared spectrum data of soil samples were collected, and then the prediction model was constructed by using variable weight stacking automatic encoder combined with support vector regression to realize the prediction of unsaturated soil moisture content. The experimental results show that the designed prediction method can accurately predict the unsaturated soil water content, and provide a certain reference for intelligent irrigation.

Zhou, Y.T. and Zhang, L., 2020. Subsidence area management for water and soil protection: Construction of national mine parks. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 838–841. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The construction of national mine park is a new model of development in mining areas, which may effectively improve the ecological environment, restore the ecological balance, and protect the mining heritage resources, hence achieving the sustainable development of the mining area. We analyze the problems existing in the construction of a mine park, and we find that ecological reconstruction may favor the harmonious renewal and sustainable development of the mining areas. Furthermore, we point out that the national mine park is a new approach to feed back the mining areas, and it has a significant impact on ecological reconstruction and subsidence area management.

Wang, B.; Zhou, H.G.; Li, Z.Y.; Fan, T.Y., and Nie, X.T., 2020. Quality gain-loss function and its empirical analysis in dam concrete construction. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 842–848. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

For the quality offset effect that cannot be described by Taguchi quality loss function, the concept of quality gain-loss function (QGLF) is presented in this paper. In considering the interaction between multiple quality characteristics, multivariate quality gain-loss function (M-QGLF) is constructed. The process mean design method of quality gain-loss is discussed under asymmetric conditions respectively. Through an example, the optimum process mean design method is analyzed under the condition of quality characteristic following skewed distribution, and the optimum process mean modified formula and deviation degree calculation formula are proposed. The presentation of QGLF creates the preconditions for the quantitative statistical analysis of quality fluctuation and quality compensation, and provides a new theoretical basis for parameter design. It will also bring great benefit to the production quality improvement as well as get significant economic effect.

Song, J. and Liu, H.Z., 2020. Enlightenment and influence of water control elements in traditional literary works on modern river overflow control. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 849–853. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The modern river overflow treatment method violates the natural law, seriously damages the water environment such as the river course, and causes the ecological environment to be destroyed. There are many elements about water control in our traditional literature works, and a lot of experience has been accumulated in river overflow treatment. Based on this, this paper puts forward the enlightenment and influence of water control elements in traditional literary works on modern river overflow control. This paper analyzes the relevant historical stages of water control in traditional literary works, so as to fully understand the content of ancient water control elements in China, and introduce them into the modern river overflow treatment, so as to obtain the Enlightenment of modern river overflow control.

Zhang, Q.S.; Zhou, X.D.; Guo, B.; Bao, Y., and Wang, Q., 2020. Synergetic realization path of water ecological civilization construction and human-land system optimization under the “three elements” structure. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 854–857. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Since the industrial revolution, global resource and environmental problems have become acute, and the concept of sustainable development has come into being. The optimization of the human-land system is the key to solve the contradiction between the economic and social development of “human” and the resources and environment of “land”, and it has a significant synergetic relationship with the ecological civilization construction through the link of “culture”. This paper focuses on the coordination between the ecological civilization construction and the optimization of the human-land system, theoretically analyzes the coordination mechanism between the ecological civilization construction and the optimization of the human-land system, and enriches the theoretical cognition and optimization path of geographical scholar and earth system. In practice, the concrete collaborative path of the two is established. From the perspective of the “three elements” structure of the human-land system, the five-industry system of ecological civilization construction is reconstructed to clarify the responsibility of “human” and the appeal of “land” in the human-land system. The results show that the human-land system is a ternary structure formed by the interaction of three subsystems. In addition, the ecological civilization construction and the optimization of the human-land system are the relationship between the superstructure and the foundation path.

Yang, P.C., Yi, F., Si, Q.L., and Zhang, W.X., 2020. Water science research on the development path of water sports industry in China under the environment of water science. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 858–862. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Human activities and water resources are closely related, in the water science environment, the development of water sports industry has become the most popular topic, but also the Party and the state pay special attention to environmental governance issues. At this stage, the domestic water science environment is facing serious threats, the protection of the water environment is imminent, industry, agriculture and life sewage overload, heavy management work, ecological environment due to the destruction of adjacent sea areas worse, aggravating the compression of water ecological space, water environmental risks and security is seriously threatened and a series of problems, The proposal of establishing a safety and security system for the water science environment, strengthening cooperation between regions, achieving common pollution control, strengthening the improvement of relevant laws and regulations, taking “water according to law” as the criterion, establishing an “anti-degradation” system of the water environment, strengthening the work of reducing pollutants and controlling toxic and harmful substances, creating a water environmental risk prevention and control system, applying scientific and technological innovation, and strengthening the promotion of environmental protection level.

Lan, Y., 2020. The development of leisure sports consumption of urban residents under the view of marine ecological environment. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 863–866. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the enhancement of urban residents' health consciousness, the consumption of leisure sports is increasing year by year, and has become an important consumption of life, but we should always firmly interact with the development of ecological environment and leisure experience, and strive to promote each other. Based on the relationship between the construction of urban ecological civilization and the development of leisure sports, this paper explores the current situation and existing problems of leisure sports consumption of urban residents in China, and puts forward corresponding improvement measures in the light of the perspective of marine ecological environment, hoping to enrich the research in related fields.

Hong, X. and Pan, T.L., 2020. The water living inheritance and management path of ecological resources with folk sports characteristics. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 867–871. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The construction of water living state is an important strategic choice for water resources management in China. The management mode of water living resource management in China has the phenomenon of water pollution, which leads to the distortion of ecological resources with folk sports characteristics in water state inheritance. The main significance of water living heritage is to show the integrity and purity of ecological resources with sports characteristics, not just to meet the needs of modern life. The problems facing the country are water shortage and water pollution, which are becoming more and more serious and appearing at a sustained growth rate. Under the influence of water pollution, some aquatic organisms have a large number of deaths, which also affect the use of groundwater. In the daily life and industrial water use, the phenomenon of waste is more common, resulting in water shortage. In view of this phenomenon, the state and relevant departments have taken corresponding management efforts to make the water living state of inheritance and management smoother, so as to ensure that people's lives more stable.

Zhao, B.J.; Zhang, S.L.; Li, T.; Hao, J.L., and Wang, T.Y., 2020. The sealing technology in pipeline repair clamp. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 872–881. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In order to meet the repair requirements in the subsea pipeline, the present study envisages the design for the sealing structure of the subsea oil and gas pipeline repair clamp. Based on the uniform contact pressure distribution theory and the thick-walled cylinder theory, a theoretical calculation formula was established to calculate the contact pressure between the sealing ring and the pipeline. With a goal of employing a φ219 subsea oil and gas pipeline repair clamp, the finite element models were established and the finite element simulation calculations were carried out for different pressure and thickness sealing rings. Meanwhile, the models were calculated based on the theoretical calculation formula. Subsequently, the results of finite element simulation and the theoretical calculation formula were analysed. Based on the theoretical calculation and the finite element calculations, the acceptance criterion of the theoretical calculation was proposed. The study lays a reliable basis for the sealing design and manufacturing of subsea oil and gas pipeline clamp.

Zhang, Y.J.; Cheng, M.Y., and Zhao, Z.M., 2020. High performance of CWs with ferrous enhancement. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 882–886. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Constructed wetland (CW) is a self-restoring and ecological treatment device and widely applied due to its ecological functions, high performance and low cost. CW can purify various types of wastewater. When CW is used to treat polluted surface water with a low C/N ratio, the treatment efficiency is limited by insufficient carbon sources and poor denitrification performance. Iron is widely available in nature and electrons can be released when ferrous ions are oxidized to ferric ions. It might be an effective attempt to use the released electrons in CW as an alternative of carbon sources to provide electrons for denitrification. In this study, ferrous ions were used in CW to treat polluted surface water with low C/N ratios (1 to 5) and achieve the significant denitrification performance. In influent with 15 mg/L TN and 75 mg/L COD, TN removal rate was increased by 16% after adding 10 mg/L ferrous ions in CW. Adding iron is an effective method for enhancing the denitrification performance of CW. The study provides a new idea for the application of CW in the future.

Xu, H.Z., 2020. Environmental optimization design of rainwater utilization system in large sports venues under the influence of ocean climate. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 887–890. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the development of modern society, the scarcity of water resources is becoming more and more obvious. In order to improve the utilization rate of water, rainwater utilization system is gradually being built, and with the development of the city and constantly improve. In this paper, large-scale sports venues are selected as research objects, several typical stadium rainwater utilization systems are analyzed in general, and the design examples of China National Stadium and Japan Dome Stadium are combined to put forward the corresponding optimization design.

Qin, F.; Kuang, C.Y., and Jiang, Y., 2020. Multiple-clue sensory information fusion model of fashion silhouette perception in coastal city. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 891–895. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Sensory perception about clothing, such as color, silhouette and texture, comes from the fusion, interpretation and analysis of sensory information. Therefore, research on clothing design that focuses on human perception must begin with consumers' perception about clothing. After analysis of available perceptual design theories and research progress, we find that few studies have been made on the fusion of sensory information. This paper takes references from the theory of the fusion of multiple-clue sensory information and performs a SD experiment to investigate observers' perceptual changes and the fusion of visual clues in coastal city. Visual clues are usually generated by information sources. The paper starts from clothing silhouette and adopts silhouette elements that are able to affect perception as information sources. Finally, the paper puts forward a psychological model on the fusion of multiple-clue sensory information based on clothing silhouette perception and establishes a mathematical model. It will provide practical methods for researchers on clothing sensory perception to integrate color, texture and other aspects of sensory information.

Wang, Y.; Liu, H.L., Li, Z.G., and He, S.B., 2020. Design and manufacture of 3D roaming system of coastal forest park based on VR. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 896–901. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Virtual reality technology (VR) has super simulation effects. For forest parks that need to provide 3D roaming effects, VR has become the preferred production method. In this paper, VR is introduced to realize the static “copy” of the real scene, and then through the scene animation, UI and other ways to achieve the dynamic effect of the scene, so that users have a sense of immersive. The 3D roaming system made by VR improves the defects of traditional scenic area guide map, saves the cost of 3D map making, and provides a good user experience.

Geng, M.Y.; Ma, K.X.; Hong, L., and Wang, K., 2020. Zhuang landscape architecture evolvement in Guangxi: The example of coastal city Nanning. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 902–906. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The long period of time assures the evolvement and accumulation of the Zhuang culture in Guangxi. It has thus formed its own unique landscape architecture, which interacts and co-develop with the Zhuang people's life, activities, culture and regional natural conditions, in shaping the city image and inheriting the regional culture. Through the in-depth study and analysis on the landscape architecture of the Zhuang Nationality in Guangxi, its cultural heritage and local customs and conditions could be appreciated, to practice the abstract culture in real life. Taking the application and inheritance of local culture as the starting point, this paper systematically reviews the evolvement process of the Zhuang landscape architecture, and provides assistance for exploring ways to create urban landscape characteristics.

Jia, Z., 2020. The design of hydrophilic coastal architecture under the background of marine culture integration. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 907–912. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The hydrophilic coastal ancient architecture has experienced several historical stages from nest to dry fence architecture, to courtyard architecture and loft architecture in the Central Plains, and then to the appearance of palace architecture, western style villa and business street arcade architecture. It has formed the phenomenon of multiple architectural culture integration and symbiosis, which embodies the integration, pragmatism, flexibility, emotion and business worship of hydrophilic coastal ancient architecture, openness and other marine cultural characteristics. At present, we should continue to innovate and develop hydrophilic coastal architectural culture, endow it with New Era Connotation and modern expression form, and carry forward Chinese traditional architectural culture.

Yang, J.P., 2020. The impact of environmental pollution on leisure sports activities of urban residents. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 913–916. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the rapid development of the economy, the problem of environmental pollution is becoming more and more prominent, and has a multi-faceted impact on the lives of urban residents. According to the research of scholars at home and abroad, environmental pollution has had a negative impact on leisure and sports activities of urban residents. Based on the current situation of environmental pollution in China, this paper analyzes the specific factors that lead to the negative impact of environmental pollution on the leisure activities of urban residents, and puts forward corresponding suggestions for improvement. It is hoped to provide a new research perspective for the study of the effect of leisure sports activities of urban residents.

Han, Y., 2020. The blue-sky protection of water paint series of stadium based on water environmental governance. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 917–920. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The Party and the state in advocating the “blue sky defense war” has become one of the current key tasks, in order to make environmental protection can be carried out smoothly, air quality improved, government departments focus on water paint green enterprises in the development of support. In addition, water paint technology and technology continue to innovate, access to greater space for development, more enterprises into the water paint market to seek development. The efficient use of water paint can provide greater protection for the health of the general public and ordinary people, reduce the incidence of disease, which is also in line with the “blue sky defense war” strategic policy, in line with the law of social development. The construction of sports venues using water paint products, which can not only protect the health of teachers and students, but also the inevitable requirements of sustainable development.

Li, S.G., 2020. An analysis of the value of sports park construction based on the concept of ocean ecological environment. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 921–924. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the continuous development of urban economy, cities around the country began to attach importance to sports, and open up all kinds of sports events. In order to popularize the national fitness activities, the state has also issued a series of policies and financial support, sports parks and cities combined for the masses to provide fitness and entertainment venues. In the process of urbanization, the long-term extensive industrial development model has destroyed the local ecological environment, in order to solve the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, effective use of natural water resources, both at home and abroad in the design of sports parks will consider the corresponding measures, China will also introduce some policies, sports and leisure parks belong to a type of urban park construction, is an important part of the construction of urban greening, the local ecological environment will play a certain role in improving. Based on this, this paper mainly discusses the value of the current sports park in the context of the new era, based on the concept of ecological environment of sports park construction value analysis, sports park construction is conducive to improving the local ecological environment, to meet the needs of the public for the changing sports spirit, improve the satisfaction of the majority of urban residents for life.

Xing, W.W., 2020. Spatial layout planning of high density urban green space along the coast and its empirical analysis. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 925–929. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The development of social progress and the increase of population density are synchronous, so the development of the city also presents the diversification situation. Urban infrastructure projects tend to be saturated gradually, leaving less space for the construction of urban green space, which can bring great pressures to the planning of high-density cities. In view of the above problems and the limitations of the evaluation system of urban high-density planning, the research of spatial layout planning method was carried out in this paper. According to the function and characteristics of high density cities, the planning strategy of urban suitability based on urban green space was put forward; the scientific nature of the planning method was proved by the scientific analysis and evaluation methods; a city A with the high urban density was chosen as the object of empirical analysis; in view of the practical problems of high density cities, from the aspects of construction, the analysis was carried out. The research results have opened up new methods and new ideas for the urban construction planning in China.

Li, B., 2020. The application of ocean environmental art design based on traditional dwelling decoration. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 930–934. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The combination of traditional residential decoration and environmental art design is difficult in how to endow its new meaning through modern design concept and express it in some innovative ways. This paper analyzes the application research of traditional dwelling decoration in environmental art design, analyzing the contents and characteristics of traditional dwelling decoration, and elaborates the application principle of traditional dwelling decoration in environmental art design with the requirement of environmental art design. And based on this, it analyzes the application of traditional residential decoration in environmental art design, and describes the application effect and application strategy in combination with the actual situation to promote the popular application of traditional residential decoration in environmental art design.

Chen, J., 2020. Discussion on the construction of stadiums and gymnasiums in urban circle based on the law of water movement. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 935–939. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Gymnasium is the most important place for people to exercise, train, participate in and watch sports competitions, and it is an essential hardware condition for sports undertakings. Due to the huge cost, high technical requirements, long construction period, low utilization rate after the games and difficult recovery of funds, most of the stadiums and gymnasiums were prepared by the government, which brought heavy pressure to the government. Based on the analysis of water movement law, this paper studies the development mode of urban sports circle and the spatial layout of sports resources, and puts forward the development principles and planning framework of sports circle on the basis of comprehensive consideration of several important factors affecting the development of urban sports circle. The purpose is to provide some reference for the layout of urban sports venues, urban and rural sports facilities planning and urban sports planning.

Chen, C.; Yu, C.T., and Zhang, Y.Y., 2020. The transformational leadership of water-intensive enterprises to social loafing: The mediating role of person-organization fit. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 940–944. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This article examines the relationships between transformational leadership, person-organization (P-O) fit, perceived organizational support (POS) and social loafing, specifically the mediating effect of person-organization fit in the correlation between transformational leadership and social loafing and the moderating effect of POS on the correlation between P-O fit and social loafing. It uses social exchange theory to look investigate person-organization fit. The author collected a sample of 382 employees from water-intensive enterprises in mainland China. SPSS 23.0 software was used to test hypotheses in the literature. Conclusions suggest that person-organization fit is avital mediator and POS is an important moderator, while transformational leadership significantly negatively influences social loafing. The implication of these results is discussed.

Tsai, Y.H., 2020. Applying fuzzy set on evaluation of school curriculum for self-perceived employability in leisure in Taiwan port city. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), RAdvances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 945–950. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This study determines the beliefs of vocational university graduates the suitability of their alma mater's curriculum for employment preparation. Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) was performed on data from 521 valid returned questionnaires. The importance performance analysis results indicated that both the satisfaction and importance level were high for the attributes of ‘resist pressure', ‘learning initiative', ‘responsibility', ‘service devotion', ‘professional ethnics and morals', ‘teamwork skill', ‘communication skill', ‘problem-solving skill', ‘interpersonal relationship', ‘disciplinary skill of table service', and ‘sanitary knowledge'. ‘Stability' and ‘mood control' were attributes of high importance but low satisfaction, indicating that improvement was required in the curriculum plan. Regression analysis of the curriculum plan was performed to determine the effects of ‘curriculum design', ‘teaching', and ‘practical training programme (PTP)' on employability with respect to ‘professional competency' in ‘work attitude', ‘core skills’, and ‘disciplinary skills'. The results of multiple regression analyses were confirmed through fuzzy QCA, where the importance of ‘curriculum design' and ‘PTP’ was identified.

Chen, D.S. and Yan, G.P., 2020. Evolutionary model and countermeasures of industry-university-research collaborative innovation in local engineering college from the perspective of game theory. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 951–955. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the deep development of higher education, exploring the path of the strategy evolution in the process of collaborative innovation in Local Engineering Colleges and research institutes from the perspective of Game Theory, and constructs an evolutionary model of collaborative innovation about Industry-University-Research under the cooperative development model. The research shows that the possible Cooperative Innovation in the long process of evolution, and the combinations are the stable measures, at last put forward the countermeasures to promote the research on collaborative innovation value and curb speculation in local engineering colleges.

Li, Z.Z. and Zhang, M., 2020. The effects of regulatory focus on anticipated emotions under the different anticipatory results: Take coastal universities in China as an example. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 956–959. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

We explored the effects of regulatory focus on anticipated emotions under the different anticipatory results. We used an experiment to conduct the study with 32 college students in coastal China.. The results indicated that anticipated emotions differed according to the current motivational strategy which are related to an anticipatory result; focusing on promotion rather than prevention led to stronger anticipated positive emotions and less anticipated negative emotions in response to regardless of success or fail anticipatory results; and also anticipatory results have significant effects on anticipated emotions, anticipate successful results rather than anticipatory fail results led to more intense anticipated positive emotions and less anticipated negative emotions. Implications of these results are also discussed in this study

Lin, S.L.; Tang, X., and Lei, C.Y., 2020. The influence of gender, extraversion and aggressiveness on the circle of friends for WeChat: Take 360 universities in port cities as research objects. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 960–966. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

By examining the influence of gender, extraversion and aggressiveness on the circle of friends for WeChat, results of the experimental method show that schoolboys with strong aggressiveness and relative introversion (a little low-profile) are constantly received of likes and comments while schoolgirls with strong aggressiveness and relative extraversion (a little high-profile) are less possibly received of likes and comments sustainably the circle of friends for WeChat. Although the circle of friends for WeChat is a very private communication space, the communication behaviors are still being affected by the group norms. When the person in the circle of friends disseminates information, those in line with social stereotype are susceptible to cause groups' responses and vice versa. Advertisers can make use of those who stir more responses to push advertisements in the circle of friends for WeChat.

Pei, J.P. and Lian, C., 2020. Have PPP project improved the efficiency of medical facilities supply?: The example of inland port urban. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 967–971. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

To further explore the influence of PPP project on the supply efficiency of medical facilities, the PSM-DID method is adopted to make an empirical test of the supply efficiency of medical facilities in PPP projects on the basis of theoretical analysis. The results of this paper show that PPP project is still an important policy tool to make up for the shortage of public investment and promote the reform of medical and health undertakings. We should focus on increasing the construction and support of high-quality, high-tech PPP medical and health projects, provide more high-quality medical resources, and further promote the reform of the medical and health system mechanism.

Yang, W.B.; Yang, Z., and Dong, J.Y., 2020. The study of correlation between genu anklebone varus angle and plantar pressure. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 972–977. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In this paper, data acquisition is carried out with the help of Codamotion three-dimensional motion capture system and footscan plantar pressure acquisition system. The lower limb posture characteristics and plantar pressure data of subjects walking at different walking speeds of slow, medium and fast speed are collected and analyzed. Spearman correlation analysis method is used to analyze the correlation of the pressure knee and ankle joint valgus angle in ten areas of the sole of the foot in the process of walking, to judge whether there is a correlation between the characteristics and analyze the strength of the correlation. Through the analysis, in the process of walking, there is a good correlation between the knee varus angle and the pressure of the first metatarsal area, the second metatarsal area, the third metatarsal area, and the ankle varus angle and the pressure of the fourth metatarsal area, the fifth metatarsal area. Secondly, there is a certain correlation between the varus angle of the knee and ankle and the pressure of the thumb area, and the pressure of the heel inside and outside, while the correlation between the varus angle of the knee and ankle is poor. The correlation coefficients between the pressure of the first metatarsal area and the angle of the ankle varus, the third metatarsal area and the angle of the knee and ankle varus, the fifth metatarsal area and the angle of the ankle varus are small when the speed increases or decreases. Speed has little effect on the correlation between these features. The correlation coefficients of thumb area pressure and genu varus angle, second metatarsal area pressure and genu varus angle, fifth metatarsal area pressure and genu varus angle are different when the speed increases or decreases. Speed has a great influence on the correlation between these features.

Li, Y. and Zhang, X.Q., 2020. The relationship among social media usage, social capital and job performance based on coastal area in China. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 978–983. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This study aims to examine the impact of social media usage on employees' job performance in Minnan coastal area organizations. A total of 496 employees were asked to complete self-report questionnaires in this study. Based on the social capital theory, the samples were analyzed to measure their social media usage, social capital, job performance and network heterogeneity. The results were as follows: (1) Social media usage had significant direct effect on employees' job performance and would exert influence through the mediating role of social capital. (2) Employees' social media usage and social capital were regulated by their network heterogeneity. (3)The mediating effect of social capital on social interactions and job performance were moderated by their network heterogeneity. The study highlights the mediating effect of social capital and the moderating effect of network heterogeneity on job performance during social media usage. It may contribute to the understanding of the effects and mechanisms of social media usage.

Mo, J.; Mao, C.M., and Zuo, Z.Y., 2020. Training effectiveness evaluation system of migrant workers in coastal cities. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 984–987. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Based on Kirkpatrick's four-level model ,combined with the principle of index selection and the characteristics of migrant workers coastal cities, the paper initially establishes the evaluation index of training effect on the four levels of reaction layer, learning layer, behavior layer and result layer. Using the method of AHP and fuzzy comprehensive to evaluate the training effect of migrant workers along Yangtze River valley. Finally, the paper put forward the way to improve the training effectiveness of migrant workers along Yangtze River valley.

Weng, H.; Huang, P., and Huang, W., 2020. Tire mechanical properties based on underwater obstacle impact. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 988–992. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

To analyze the impact of slope obstacles on tire, the collision forces between tire and underwater bulge obstacle were obtained using vibration equation in the vertical direction of single-degree-freedom system. With the support of ANSYS software, the simulation model was established to study the stress and deformation of tire model under collision with an underwater obstacle on a 20.3-degree slope of 50 mm elevation, and on a slope of the same degree and elevation but without obstacles. The results showed that the maximum stress of the tire increased sharply when the tire entered the slope. After the tire continued to climb, the stress increased slowly as displacement increased. When the tire reached the middle position, the stress reached its maximum at 24.73 MPa, which mainly appeared at the inner ring of the tire. Therefore, it is important to eliminate tire instability immediately after the tire enters the slope and before it meets the maximum stress.

Chen, L.F.; Xie, X.L., and Wang, W., 2020. The effect of fleet size, seaborne volume on BDI volatility in dry bulk shipping market. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 993–997. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In this article, a method based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) and multiple linear regression (MLR) is developed for Baltic Dry Index (BDI) volatility. The original BDI series is decomposed into several independent intrinsic mode functions (IMF_S) through VMD first. The long-term trend is obtained to represent the basic freight rate. MLR model is used to analyze the influencing factors of BDI volatility. It is found that seaborne volume is the main cause of the volatility of BDI when the shipping market is in equilibrium. If the market is in a recession, the volatility of BDI is mainly determined by fleet size. Oil price, GDP and CIP have a very small impact on the volatility of BDI. The results contribute to understand the systematic risk of shipping market.