Nie, X.T.; Liu, C., and Wang, B., 2020. Inverted normal quality gain-loss function and its application in water project construction. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 415–420. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

As the existing quality gain-loss function is not able to solve the boundless problem in engineering practice, an inverted normal quality gain-loss function is proposed. This function is based on the characteristics of inverted normal function. Considering the variable situation of the quality compensation, the hyperbolic tangent compensation quality gain-loss function is established, and in which a quality gain-loss function with larger-the-better characteristic and smaller-the-better characteristic is designed. In view of the interaction between the characteristics of product quality, a multivariate quality gain-loss function model is also established. Through empirical analysis, the gain-loss function model is proved to be feasible.